petra todorovich director of america 2050 regional plan association rpa board briefing arup new york...
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Petra Todorovich
Director of America 2050Regional Plan Association
RPA Board BriefingArupNew York CityNovember 10, 2011
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH HIGH-SPEED RAIL
CHAPTER 1:
Country
First year of
operation
Top Speed (mph) Miles
Annual Ridership*
China 2003 220 3,914 290,540,000
Japan 1964 190 1,655 288,836,000
Spain 1992 190 1,278 28,751,000
France 1981 200 1,178 114,395,000
Germany 1985 190 798 73,709,000
Italy 1981 190 574 33,377,000
South Korea 2004 190 256 37,477,000
USA 2000 150 362 3,200,000
Taiwan 2007 190 214 32,349,000
Turkey 2009 160 146 942,000
Belgium 1997 190 130 9,561,000 The Netherlands 2009 190 75 6,005,000
United Kingdom 2003 190 70 9,220,000
World Total 10,513
928,362,000
Source: UIC 2011
*China's annual ridership is based on various news reports. Actual ridership is a source of controversy. America's annual ridership reflects total FY 2010 ridership on Amtrak's Acela Express service on the Northeast Corridor.
High-Speed Rail around the World
Rail Spending Dwarfed by Other Modes
Source: Congressional Budget Office 2010.
Where High-Speed Rail Works Best
HSR works best under specific conditions:
Corridors 100 – 600 (up to 1,000) miles in length, Connecting major population and job centers, and In Megaregions
NortheastGreat Lakes
Piedmont Atlantic
Florida
Gulf Coast
TexasTriangle
FrontRange
SunCorridor
SouthernCalifornia
NorthernCalifornia
Cascadia
U.S. Corridors are Comparable to Global
Examples
POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL
CHAPTER 2:
1. Shorter travel times
2. Mode shift
3. Safety
4. Reliability
5. Capacity
6. Efficient Land Use
Transportation Benefits
1.Higher wages and productivity
2.Deeper labor and employment markets
3.Direct job creation
Source: IntenovaSource: Martin Prosperity Institute
Economic Benefits
Image: University of Pennsylvania, Northeast Megaregion Studio, 2005
4. Spatial agglomeration
(fosters economic synergies among industries across greater distances)
Economic Benefits
5. Urban regeneration and station area development
6. Expanded tourism and visitor spending. Eurostar Station and development, Lille,
France
Economic Benefits
Case Study: Montabaur & Limburg, German ICE Rail
Stations
Found annual increase of 2.7% in overall economic activity. (Ahlfeldt and Feddersen 2010)
Energy efficiency and carbon benefits depend on: • Ridership• Energy mix• Technological
innovation
Environmental Benefits
U.S. POLICY & PROGRAMS FOR HIGH-SPEED RAIL INVESTMENT
CHAPTER 3:
A New Federal Commitment
to High-Speed Rail (?)
Photo: Tim Birch
• Passage of rail legislation (PRIIA) in 2008
• $8 billion in Stimulus Bill in 2009
• $2.5 billion in FY 2010
• Zero in 2011
A Sharp Increase in Rail Funding
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
U.S. Funding of Passenger and High-Speed Rail 1991 - 2010
Amtrak Total
High-Speed Rail
Passenger Rail Total
Do
llars
(0
00
s)
Source: National Association of Railroad Passengers
High Speed Intercity Rail Program (HSIPR)
• A competitive, state-led, grant program
• Includes three categories of passenger rail service.
• Most projects are conventional rail.
Four Rounds of Grant Making/ Reallocation Jan 2010 – May 2011
Source: US DOT
Rail Projects Underway and Creating Jobs
Images: on Maine track workers: Patricia Quinn, NNEPRA
STATION LOCATION & DESIGN: A TYPOLOGY & CASE STUDIES
CHAPTER 4:
Center of City : Lleida, Spain
41 trains daily
Lessons Learned
• Strategic location
• Comprehensive urban design plan and public realm investments.
• Connected to regional rail and local, regional bus network.
• Benefits to tourism, economy, region.
Center of City: Leida, Spain
Edge of City: Avignon, France
65 trains daily
Lessons Learned
• Physical barriers separate station from city center prevented economic synergies.
• Unclear economic development impacts.
Edge of City: Avignon, France
Case Study – Exurban: Tarragona
46 trains daily
Lessons Learned• Tarragona
already has good links to Barcelona via conventional rail and bus.
• Because of existing connections, investment in bringing train into center may not be justified.
Exurban: Tarragona, Spain
Special Use: CDG Airport, France
46 trains daily
Lessons Learned
• Complements air service by connecting airport to provincial destinations.
• Difficult to quantify economic impact.
• Frees up capacity at CDG for long haul flights.
Charles de Gaulle Airport Station.
Special Use: CDG Airport, France
THE PROMISE OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL IN CALIFORNIA & THE NORTHEAST CORRIDOR
CHAPTER 5:
Northeast and California among most promising
markets
• $3.6 federal funding
• $9 billion California Bond Act
• EIS hearings underway for first Central Valley segment
High-Speed Rail in California
The Northeast Corridor Today
• Amtrak service and 8 commuter railroads operate on 455-mile route
• 260 million annual passengers; 13 million are Amtrak
• $8.8 billion state of good repair backlog
• Many bridges over 100 years old
The Susquehanna River Bridge in Maryland was built in 1906.
Penn Design Vision for Northeast Dedicated High-
Speed Rail
Northeast Corridor Management Structure
• Separate infrastructure from operations
• Create Northeast Corridor Infrastructure Corporation
• Attract private financing
FUNDING & FINANCING OPTIONS FOR HIGH-SPEED RAIL
CHAPTER 6:
Funding and financing options
• Reallocate or increase transportation fees, (gas tax, upstream oil tax), ticket surcharge
• Expand federal loan programs (TIFIIA, RIIF)
• Public private partnerships
• State gas tax or fees (i.e. payroll tax)
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HIGH-SPEED RAIL IN THE U.S.
CHAPTER 7:
Recommendations
• Strengthen the federal planning role and management framework
• Prioritize corridors that meet investment criteria
• Establish new mechanisms for corridor management
Recommendations
• Plan for maximum land development benefits
• Focus initially on the Northeast Corridor and California
• Secure adequate and reliable funding
www.RPA.orgwww.America2050.org
www.Lincolninst.edu
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