persuasion and reflective learning: closing the feedback loop
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Persuasion and Reflective Learning: Closing the Feedback Loop
Lars Müller, Verónica Rivera-Pelayo and Stephan HeuerFZI Research Center for Information Technology Karlsruhe
Persuasive 2012, 7th June 2012
© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Agenda
▪ Introduction & Motivation
▪ Persuade or support reflection?
▪ Closing the feedback loop
▪ Summary
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Introduction
Desired behavioral changes at work are often very complex
“I want to treat my patients better.”
“I need to reduce my stress.”
“I would like to improve my communication and teaching skills.”
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
▪ Learn by observing others and from experiences
▪ Support learning-on-the-job and experience sharing
▪ Learning by reflection on observed practices and collected
data
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MIRROR Reflective Learning at Work
▪ Focus on acquisition of
tacit knowledge
© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Motivation
Support by using information technology Both use feedback loops
Can both fields of research learn from each other?
Induce change in behavior
Encouraging reflection Persuading
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Reflective Learning
refers to “those intellectual and affective activities in which individuals engage to explore their experiences in order to lead to new understandings and appreciations“ (Boud et. al)
D. Boud, R. Keogh, and D. Walker. Reflection: Turning Experience into Learning, chapter Promoting Reflection in Learning: a Model., pages 18-40. Routledge Falmer, New York, 1985.
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Persuasive Technology
Use of capturing approaches to provide persuasive feedback
Capture behavior and rate it Provide reinforcement
Limited number of domains
Clear Goals Specific Behavior Behavior that can be measured
http://dub.washington.edu/projects/ubifit
http://jawbone.com/up
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Persuade or Support Reflection
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Persuade or Support Reflection
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Example: Jawbone UP
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Influencing behavior using captured data▪ Guidance reduces responsibility and effort for the user▪ Reduces control Ethical implications
Computer Supported Reflective Learning
Reflection: A matter of guidance?
CoercionAwareness/Mindfulness
PersuasionReflection
Amount of Guidance
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Complex goals
Growing number of data sources
Harder to interpret Difficult to link to a goal
Unknown target behavior
User decides Cognitive Dissonance Theory Cognitive effort
Three possibly conflicting representations of behavior
A) What really happened in a situation B) What the person believes had happened C) What tools have captured about that event
A
BC
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Requirements for capturing behavior
Reflective Learning: Capturing experiences
General capturing approach
Select relevant data
Trigger reflection
Persuasive Technology: Capture specific behavior
Select best capturing approach
Rate behavior
Provide Reinforcement
Change in behavior
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Closing the Feedback Loop
Persuasive Technology already measures behavior
Ask the user Benefit for capturing? Is the data reliable?
Using of-the-shelf sensors Accelerometers Biosensors Smart Meters
Biosensors
Which data should be captured to support reflection? All data? Quantiative vs. Experiential
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Unpredictability of relevance
Which data can help predict relevance?
Affective context by psychophysiological sensors
Social Interaction computer mediated communication face to face interaction
Task context Augment tools
http://www.affectiva.com/q-sensor/
http://hd.media.mit.edu/badges/
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Conclusion
Results
Outlined the design space between reflective learning and persuasive technology
Reflection is a promising approach to induce behavioral change Three kinds of cues to identify relevant data for reflection
Outlook
More data and sensors Can we persuade to reflect?
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© MIRROR Project - Co-Funded by EU IST FP7 – www.mirror-project.eu
Questions?
Thank you very much
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