perspectives on adolescents
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The 2nd Decade: Debates and Perspectives on Adolescents
Dr. BhagbanprakashHRD Lead Officer
CYP Asia Centre
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Adolescence: The Facts
There are about 1.2 billion adolescents in the worldbetween ages 10-19
500 million of them are not in schools
There are atleast 73 million adolescent workers between
the ages 10-14 Each year 1 in 20 adolescents contracts an STI
Each year upto 4.4 million young women in age group of 15-19 undergo unsafe and induced abortions often carried outby unqualified practitioners
Half of all HIV infections take place among people under25 years of age
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The suicide rate of adolescents has increased more than
200 times in five decades
Recent studies show that more than 20% of adolescentsundergo emotional turmoil
One third of the attending psychiatric clinics suffer from
depression And by the age 18 the rate of depression among girls is
twice as high as that among boys
Every year an estimated 3 million adolescents are reported
to be sexually exploited
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Adolescence : Issues
Adolescent live and grow in the families familysbonding getting weaker
Adolescent are demanding changes in family rules androutine
Consumption patterns assumes more importance thanproduction patterns
Peer groups more than parents dictate personal
behaviour
Social and economic freedom weakens Adolesce
ntsconnections with family
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Female adolescent are taking traditional male roles not vice-versa
Adolescent attitudes to achievement to motivationchanging
Effects of maternal employment on adolescents lessmaternal supervision
Adolescents attitude to authority figures changing
More skill - less experience versus less skill moreexperience
Sexual equality and freedom in relationships beingprojected as a social and political value
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Adolescent Questions Is it really a decade long drama ?
Is adolescent a rapid traveller left one station oflife and not yet reached the next ?
Is it an ambiguous and awkward age ?
Or just a repetition and prolongation of infancy ?
An impulsive period of defiance and rebellion ?
A high tide of puberty and destructive passion ?
A turbulent journey of transition from childhood to adulthood ?
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Or an emotional battleground on which past and future strugglefor supremacy ?
A second birth in the Second Decade of Life ?
Is it an arbitrary academic invention to segregate a passiveperiod for active study and research ?
Is it not a myth generated by an outdated generation ofpsychoanalysts ?
Or a time of active deconstruction, construction andreconstruction ?
A period in which past, present and future are rewoven andstrung together on the threads of fantasies and wishes ?
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Is compulsory mass education of children from six to sixteen createdadolescence ?
Or child labour laws designed to protect youngsters from adultresponsibility ?
Why do we need to banish children from a natural and real life tostifling confines of a class room and the family cocoon ?
From open spaces and freedom of medieval age to closed fortress likeseparation of modern education system ?
Are todays mass education, democracy, individuality and self actualisation desirable social values ?
Or is it preparatory to assume the sexual and moral responsibilities ofadulthood ?( J.J. Rousseau)
Is an Adolescents desire to be loved stronger than the capacity to love?
( Ernest Jones )
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A Bloody Fluid Break with the past
Puberty Defined as biological condition of acquiring maturegenitals & functional capacity to reproduce
Girls menstruate and produce the fertile ova
Boys begin to ejaculate semen and produce sperm
These two important body fluids signify physical rupturewith the past
Menstruation separates girls from a sexual world ofchildhood to a new world of sexual identity.
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Societies and cultures respond differently to this newfeminine status
Puberty also brings in issues of sexual morality
In some societies the socio-physical response isreflected in :
Mutilation of body
Tattooing the face, legs, arms andback
Perforating the hymen
Circumcising the penis, cutting offoreskin
Pulling out a tooth
Piercing the earlobe on nasalseptum
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In some cultures Girls are bound to domesticsphere
Boys initiated to outdoor tasks
Girls focus on issues on relating to others
These differences persists beyond adolescence leading totraditional sex role stereotypes
Boys focus on individual competence and knowledge
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Why Adolescence is Challenging
Humans, unlike other primates, undergo an intenseparental care
They have a longer life span
Late sexual maturity
A complex social life
Protracted biological and psychological helplessness
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Thank you
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