personal hygine

PERSONNAL GROOMING AND HYGIENE

Personal grooming is Personal grooming is important for a positive self-image important for a positive self-image and every effort should be made and every effort should be made to encourage and assist the to encourage and assist the resident to maintain a pleasing resident to maintain a pleasing and attractive appearance. and attractive appearance.

Personal Care And Grooming: Personal Care And Grooming: Relationship To Self-EsteemRelationship To Self-EsteemIntroductionIntroduction(continued)(continued)

9.09.0 Provide for the resident’s Provide for the resident’s personal care and grooming personal care and grooming needs and identify the role of needs and identify the role of the nurse aide in meeting these the nurse aide in meeting these needs.needs.

9.19.1 List the daily hygienic needs of List the daily hygienic needs of an individual.an individual.

Daily Hygiene NeedsDaily Hygiene Needs

BathingBathingSkin careSkin careBack careBack careOral Oral hygienehygiene

ShavingShaving

Shampooing Shampooing hairhair

Hair careHair careNail careNail carePerineal carePerineal careDressing and Dressing and undressingundressing

9.1.19.1.1 Describe factors that affect Describe factors that affect a resident’s personal a resident’s personal hygiene practices.hygiene practices.

Factors That Affect Hygiene Factors That Affect Hygiene PracticesPractices

CultureCultureFamily PracticesFamily Practices IllnessIllness Individual preferencesIndividual preferences

Bath in morning or before going Bath in morning or before going to bedto bed

Frequency of bathing, shavingFrequency of bathing, shavingShampooing hair daily or weeklyShampooing hair daily or weekly

Factors That Affect Hygiene Factors That Affect Hygiene PracticesPractices(continued)(continued)

EconomicsEconomicsUnable to afford Unable to afford deodorant, deodorant, shampoo, etc.shampoo, etc.

Unable to afford Unable to afford utilitiesutilities

9.1.29.1.2 Discuss the role of the nurse Discuss the role of the nurse aide and how personal care aide and how personal care can be used to promote self-can be used to promote self-esteem and well-being.esteem and well-being.

Personal Care and Grooming: Personal Care and Grooming: Role of the Nurse AideRole of the Nurse Aide

Assist to follow their Assist to follow their personal hygiene personal hygiene practices practices 

Encourage to do as much Encourage to do as much of their daily care as of their daily care as possible possible 

Assist residents to select Assist residents to select their own clothing their own clothing 

Personal Care and Grooming: Personal Care and Grooming: Role of the Nurse AideRole of the Nurse Aide(continued)(continued)

Promote independence and self Promote independence and self esteem esteem 

Encourage use of deodorant, Encourage use of deodorant, perfume, aftershave lotion, and perfume, aftershave lotion, and cosmeticscosmetics

Be patient and encouragingBe patient and encouraging

9.29.2 Define and discuss oral Define and discuss oral hygiene.hygiene.

Oral HygieneOral Hygiene

Definition: measures used Definition: measures used to keep mouth and teeth to keep mouth and teeth clean and free of clean and free of microorganismsmicroorganisms

Oral HygieneOral Hygiene(continued)(continued)

PurposePurposePrevent odorsPrevent odorsPrevent infectionsPrevent infectionsPrevent tooth decay Prevent tooth decay and loss of teethand loss of teeth

Prevent gum diseasePrevent gum disease Increase comfortIncrease comfortEnhance taste of foodEnhance taste of food

Oral HygieneOral Hygiene(continued)(continued)

Oral hygiene is Oral hygiene is provided:provided:Before breakfastBefore breakfastAfter mealsAfter mealsAt bedtimeAt bedtimeOther times as Other times as requested or requested or necessarynecessary

Oral HygieneOral Hygiene(continued)(continued)Observations to report:Observations to report:

Foul mouth odorsFoul mouth odorsBleedingBleedingLoose or broken teeth or Loose or broken teeth or denturesdentures

Sores in or around mouthSores in or around mouthCoated tongueCoated tongueComplaints of painComplaints of pain

9.2.19.2.1 List seven principles to List seven principles to practice when brushing practice when brushing teeth.teeth.

Principles For Brushing TeethPrinciples For Brushing TeethHold brush at 45 degree angleHold brush at 45 degree angleUse circular motion to brush Use circular motion to brush teethteeth

Brush well where teeth and Brush well where teeth and gums meetgums meet

Brush all surfacesBrush all surfacesBrush upper teeth firstBrush upper teeth firstBrush gentlyBrush gentlyOffer diluted mouth washOffer diluted mouth wash

Special Mouth Care ProductsSpecial Mouth Care Products

SwabsSwabsToothettes:Toothettes:

usually soaked in usually soaked in mouthwash or plain watermouthwash or plain water

hydrogen peroxide, salt hydrogen peroxide, salt water solution if specified water solution if specified on care planon care plan

Petroleum jelly for dry lipsPetroleum jelly for dry lips

9.2.29.2.2 Discuss the care of a Discuss the care of a resident’s dentures.resident’s dentures.

Denture CareDenture Care Handle carefully – expensive Handle carefully – expensive to replaceto replace

Clean as often as natural Clean as often as natural teethteeth

Protect from loss or breakageProtect from loss or breakageStore safely, when out of Store safely, when out of mouth, in labeled containermouth, in labeled container

Never use hot water, which Never use hot water, which can warp denturescan warp dentures

Denture CareDenture Care(continued)(continued)

Store dry, in water or in Store dry, in water or in special solutionspecial solution

For long term storage, put For long term storage, put container holding dentures container holding dentures in bedside standin bedside stand

9.39.3 Demonstrate the procedure Demonstrate the procedure for assisting the resident with for assisting the resident with oral hygiene.oral hygiene.

9.49.4 Demonstrate the procedure Demonstrate the procedure for providing mouth care.for providing mouth care.

9.59.5 Demonstrate the procedure Demonstrate the procedure for providing mouth care for for providing mouth care for the unconscious resident.the unconscious resident.

9.69.6 Demonstrate assisting with Demonstrate assisting with denture care.denture care.

9.79.7 Discuss the care of the Discuss the care of the resident’s nails and feet.resident’s nails and feet.

Requires daily cleaning Requires daily cleaning and trimming of fingernails and trimming of fingernails and toenails as neededand toenails as needed

Maintain nails by keeping Maintain nails by keeping nails:nails:shortshortcleanclean free of rough edgesfree of rough edges

Nail CareNail Care

9.7.19.7.1 List three purposes of nail List three purposes of nail and foot care.and foot care.

PurposePurposePrevent infectionPrevent infectionPrevent injuryPrevent injuryPrevent odorsPrevent odors

Nail CareNail Care(continued)(continued)

9.7.29.7.2 Identify factors to be Identify factors to be considered when giving a considered when giving a resident nail care.resident nail care.

Easier to trim and clean Easier to trim and clean after soakingafter soaking

Nail clipper used to cut Nail clipper used to cut and trim nailsand trim nails

Clip nails straight acrossClip nails straight acrossSoftened cuticle can be Softened cuticle can be pushed back with orange pushed back with orange stickstick

Nail Care: Factors To Nail Care: Factors To ConsiderConsider

Use file or emery board to Use file or emery board to smooth rough edgessmooth rough edges

Use care not to injure skin Use care not to injure skin when clippingwhen clippingNail Care: Factors To Nail Care: Factors To ConsiderConsider(continued)(continued)

Diabetics and residents with Diabetics and residents with circulatory problems will have circulatory problems will have their nails trimmed only by a their nails trimmed only by a licensed nurse or podiatristlicensed nurse or podiatrist

Review resident care plan and Review resident care plan and check with supervisor prior to check with supervisor prior to trimming nailstrimming nails

Nail Care: Factors To Nail Care: Factors To ConsiderConsider(continued)(continued)

9.7.39.7.3 Identify factors to be Identify factors to be considered when giving a considered when giving a resident foot care.resident foot care.

Wash feet using warm Wash feet using warm water and mild soapwater and mild soap

Dry feet carefully, Dry feet carefully, especially between the toesespecially between the toes

Apply lotion to tops and Apply lotion to tops and bottoms of feet only, not bottoms of feet only, not between the toesbetween the toes

Factors To Consider In Foot Factors To Consider In Foot

CareCare

Check feet daily for:Check feet daily for:redness, warmth or constant painredness, warmth or constant painnumbness or tinglingnumbness or tinglingdry, cracked skindry, cracked skinswellingswellingblisters, cuts, scratches or other blisters, cuts, scratches or other soressores

ingrown toenails, corns, callusesingrown toenails, corns, calluses

Factors To Consider In Foot Factors To Consider In Foot CareCare(continued)(continued)

Factors To Consider In Foot Factors To Consider In Foot CareCare(continued)(continued)

Do not use a heating Do not use a heating pad on resident’s pad on resident’s feetfeet

Keep footwear on; Keep footwear on; residents never go residents never go barefootbarefoot

Change socks and Change socks and shoes dailyshoes daily

Factors To Consider In Foot Factors To Consider In Foot CareCare(continued)(continued) Foot injuries and Foot injuries and infections can lead to infections can lead to gangrene and gangrene and amputation, amputation, especially in diabeticsespecially in diabetics

Notify supervisor Notify supervisor immediately of any immediately of any unusual observations unusual observations of the feetof the feet

9.89.8 Demonstrate cleaning and Demonstrate cleaning and trimming a resident’s nails.trimming a resident’s nails.

9.99.9 Demonstrate foot care. Demonstrate foot care.

9.109.10 Discuss the nurse Discuss the nurse aide’s responsibility in aide’s responsibility in assisting the resident with assisting the resident with shaving.shaving.

Assisting Resident With Assisting Resident With ShavingShaving

Daily activity for Daily activity for menmen

Promotes:Promotes:Physical comfortPhysical comfortPsychological Psychological well-beingwell-being

9.10.19.10.1 Review the factors Review the factors to consider when shaving a to consider when shaving a resident.resident.

Assisting Resident With Assisting Resident With ShavingShaving

Factors to consider:Factors to consider:Electric razor provides greatest Electric razor provides greatest safetysafety

Use own equipment or a Use own equipment or a disposable safety razordisposable safety razor

Soften beard and skin prior to Soften beard and skin prior to shavingshaving

Assisting Resident With Assisting Resident With ShavingShaving(continued)(continued)

Factors to consider (continued):Factors to consider (continued):Use care not to cut or irritate Use care not to cut or irritate skin while shavingskin while shaving

Shave in direction hair growsShave in direction hair growsDo not use electric razors when Do not use electric razors when oxygen in useoxygen in use

9.119.11 Demonstrate assisting the Demonstrate assisting the resident with shaving.resident with shaving.

9.129.12 Describe ways to assist the Describe ways to assist the resident with hair care.resident with hair care.

Hair CareHair Care

Hair care Hair care includesincludesDaily brushing Daily brushing and combingand combing

StylingStylingShampooingShampooing

9.12.19.12.1Review factors to consider Review factors to consider for daily hair care.for daily hair care.

Factors To Consider For Factors To Consider For Daily Hair CareDaily Hair Care

Because hair style is Because hair style is personal preference, personal preference, ask about styleask about style

Make brushing and Make brushing and combing part of combing part of morning caremorning care

Factors To Consider For Factors To Consider For Daily Hair CareDaily Hair Care(continued)(continued)

Protect resident’s Protect resident’s clothing by placing clothing by placing towel around towel around shouldersshoulders

Cover pillow with Cover pillow with towel for residents towel for residents confined to bedconfined to bed

Factors To Consider For Factors To Consider For Daily Hair CareDaily Hair Care(continued)(continued)

Brushing hair:Brushing hair:refreshes residentrefreshes resident improves moraleimproves moralestimulates circulationstimulates circulationdistributes natural oils evenlydistributes natural oils evenlyremoves lint and dustremoves lint and dust

Handle hair gently when Handle hair gently when brushing or combingbrushing or combing

Factors To Consider For Factors To Consider For Daily Hair CareDaily Hair Care(continued)(continued)

Section hair and work on Section hair and work on one area at a timeone area at a time

Note appearance of scalp Note appearance of scalp and hairand hair

Hair style should be age Hair style should be age appropriateappropriate

Factors To Consider For Factors To Consider For Daily Hair CareDaily Hair Care(continued)(continued)

Residents are encouraged to do Residents are encouraged to do as much as possible for as much as possible for themselvesthemselves

Comb and brush are cleaned Comb and brush are cleaned after useafter use

Combs and brushes are never Combs and brushes are never sharedshared

9.12.29.12.2 Discuss considerations Discuss considerations used when shampooing a used when shampooing a resident’s hair.resident’s hair.

Shampooing ConsiderationsShampooing Considerations

Frequency Frequency individualizedindividualized

Resident’s shampoo, Resident’s shampoo, conditioner and other conditioner and other hair care products are hair care products are usedused

Resident assisted to Resident assisted to beauty shop if availablebeauty shop if available

9.12.39.12.3 List the various methods List the various methods for shampooing hair.for shampooing hair.

Shampooing ConsiderationsShampooing Considerations(continued)(continued)

Methods of shampooing:Methods of shampooing:during showerduring showerat sinkat sinkusing stretcherusing stretcher in bedin bed

Shampooing ConsiderationsShampooing Considerations(continued)(continued)

Eyes and ears Eyes and ears protectedprotected

Hair dried as fast as Hair dried as fast as possiblepossible

Cold or drafty areas Cold or drafty areas eliminatedeliminated

Female residents Female residents assisted to curl or set assisted to curl or set hairhair

Shampooing ConsiderationsShampooing Considerations(continued)(continued)

Barbers or beauticians Barbers or beauticians may be contacted by may be contacted by facility to care for hair facility to care for hair of residentsof residents

Care plan to be Care plan to be checked for any checked for any special instructions special instructions prior to shampooingprior to shampooing

9.139.13 Demonstrate caring for the Demonstrate caring for the residents’ hair.residents’ hair.

9.149.14 Demonstrate shampooing Demonstrate shampooing hair of resident who is in hair of resident who is in bed.bed.

9.159.15 Identify the general Identify the general principles of dressing and principles of dressing and undressing a resident.undressing a resident.

Dressing And UndressingDressing And Undressing

Encourage resident to Encourage resident to choose own clothing choose own clothing

Dress daily own clothing Dress daily own clothing and underwearand underwear

Make sure clothes are in Make sure clothes are in good repairgood repair

Dressing And UndressingDressing And Undressing(continued)(continued)

Dress weak or affected Dress weak or affected side firstside first

Undress weak or Undress weak or affected side lastaffected side last

Ensure clothing is Ensure clothing is appropriate for weather appropriate for weather and environmentand environment

Dressing And UndressingDressing And Undressing(continued)(continued)

Encourage resident to Encourage resident to wear clothing that wear clothing that matches and is clean matches and is clean and neatand neat

Dress should be age Dress should be age appropriateappropriate

Do not put clothing on Do not put clothing on backwardsbackwards

Dressing And UndressingDressing And Undressing(continued)(continued)

Be gentleBe gentleAlways be patient Always be patient and provide time and provide time for residents to do for residents to do as much as as much as possible for possible for themselvesthemselves

9.169.16 Demonstrate the procedure Demonstrate the procedure for dressing and undressing for dressing and undressing the resident.the resident.

9.179.17 Identify the purposes of Identify the purposes of bathing a resident.bathing a resident.

Bathing ResidentBathing Resident

Purpose of BathingPurpose of Bathing Removes Removes perspiration, dirt and perspiration, dirt and microorganismsmicroorganisms

Stimulates Stimulates circulationcirculation

Exercises body partsExercises body parts

Bathing ResidentBathing Resident(continued)(continued)

Purpose of Bathing Purpose of Bathing (continued)(continued)

Refreshes, relaxes Refreshes, relaxes and promotes physical and promotes physical comfortcomfort

Removes odorsRemoves odorsAllows for evaluation Allows for evaluation of skin conditionof skin condition

9.17.19.17.1Discuss the various Discuss the various methods of bathing a methods of bathing a resident.resident.

Bathing ResidentBathing Resident

Methods of Methods of BathingBathingPartial bath Partial bath Complete bed Complete bed bath bath 

Tub bath Tub bath Shower Shower 

9.17.29.17.2 Identify guidelines for Identify guidelines for bathing a resident.bathing a resident.

Guidelines for BathingGuidelines for BathingReceive instructions Receive instructions from supervisor from supervisor regarding method of regarding method of bathing and skin care bathing and skin care products to use products to use

Provide privacyProvide privacyReduce drafts by Reduce drafts by closing windows, closing windows, drapes and doorsdrapes and doors

Guidelines for BathingGuidelines for Bathing(continued)(continued)

Use good body mechanicsUse good body mechanicsKeep covered for warmth and Keep covered for warmth and privacyprivacy

Protect safety of resident:Protect safety of resident:never leave unattended in bathtub never leave unattended in bathtub or showeror shower

take precautions to prevent slips take precautions to prevent slips and fallsand falls

have temperature no higher than have temperature no higher than 105105°°F for tub or showerF for tub or shower

Guidelines for BathingGuidelines for Bathing(continued)(continued)

Rinse skin completely if not Rinse skin completely if not using no-rinse productusing no-rinse product

Encourage to do as much as Encourage to do as much as possible for selfpossible for self

Pat skin dryPat skin dryObserve condition of skinObserve condition of skin

9.17.39.17.3 Observe the condition of Observe the condition of the skin and report any the skin and report any unusual observations.unusual observations.

Skin Observations While Skin Observations While BathingBathing

Color of skin, lips, nail Color of skin, lips, nail beds and sclera of beds and sclera of eyeseyes

Location and Location and description of rashes description of rashes

Dry skinDry skinBruises or open areas Bruises or open areas on skinon skin

Skin Observations While Skin Observations While BathingBathing(continued)(continued)

Pale or reddened Pale or reddened areas, especially areas, especially over bony partsover bony parts

Drainage or bleeding Drainage or bleeding from wounds or from wounds or orificesorifices

Skin temperatureSkin temperatureComplaints of pain Complaints of pain or discomfortor discomfort

9.189.18 Demonstrate the procedure Demonstrate the procedure for giving a complete bed for giving a complete bed bath and partial bath.bath and partial bath.

9.199.19 Demonstrate the procedure Demonstrate the procedure for giving a tub bath or for giving a tub bath or shower.shower.

9.209.20 Discuss giving perineal Discuss giving perineal care.care.

Perineal CarePerineal Care

Used to clean genital and anal Used to clean genital and anal areasareasPrevents infectionPrevents infectionPrevents odorsPrevents odorsPromotes comfortPromotes comfort

Perineal CarePerineal Care

Rules of medical asepsis and Rules of medical asepsis and Standard Precautions followedStandard Precautions followedWork from cleanest to dirtiest Work from cleanest to dirtiest area (front to back)area (front to back)urethral area – cleanesturethral area – cleanestanal area – dirtiestanal area – dirtiest

Perineal CarePerineal Care(continued)(continued)

Delicate area that needs special Delicate area that needs special carecareUse warm waterUse warm waterWash gentlyWash gentlyRinse wellRinse wellPat dry Pat dry

9.219.21 Demonstrate giving perineal Demonstrate giving perineal care.care.

9.229.22 Discuss giving a back rub.Discuss giving a back rub.

Giving A Back RubGiving A Back Rub

Purpose Purpose Stimulate Stimulate circulation circulation 

Prevent skin Prevent skin breakdown breakdown 

SoothingSoothingRefreshingRefreshing

Giving A Back RubGiving A Back Rub(continued)(continued)Use a combination of strokesUse a combination of strokes

Long, smooth strokes – Long, smooth strokes – relaxingrelaxing

Short, circular strokes – Short, circular strokes – stimulatingstimulating

Use warmed lotion applied with Use warmed lotion applied with palms of handspalms of hands

Rub 3 - 5 minutesRub 3 - 5 minutes

9.239.23 Demonstrate giving a back Demonstrate giving a back rub.rub.