periurban horticulture in la plata, argentina · 2020-05-27 · ley27279/2016; dec. reg.134/2018)...
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Periurban Horticulture in La Plata,Argentina
Mariana del Pino and Susana GamboaFaculty of Agricultural and Forestry ScienceNational University of La PlataWP 14 “Best practices for horticulturalproduction in periurban areas”
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La Plata PeriurbanGreen Belt Area 34°55‘ S 57°57'W
•LA PLATA: Main political, administrative andeducational center of Buenos Aires•The 4th city in Argentina: 830.000 hab• National University of La Plata: founded in 1890.• One of the three great Argentine universities.
10.900 teachers, 120.000 students. 17 Faculties,137 Grade Carriers, 167 PostDegrees.
La Plata City –University of La Plata
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Argentina 38°24'S 63°37‘W• Agriculture area: 38.000.000 ha• 700.000 ha horticulture (legumes: 276.000 ha)• 10 mill wages/year• Domestic market 99%• Exports: 1-1,4% of vegetables exports• Dry: Legumes• Stored: garlic, onions• Processed: potato, tomato
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Horticulture Periurban Greenbeltof La Plata (main Green Belt in Argentina)
Rio de La PlataRiver
Horticulture Periurban Greenbelt of La Plata
7
La Plata (2020)High capitalizationGreenhouse Area:5461,69 ha (2017)
6000 producers
La Plata (2005)High capitalizationGreenhouse Area:
1617,34 ha
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Greenhouses types in La Plata
• Content
Chapel type Modified ChapelType
Modified chapel type of higher heightMetal parabolic type
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Main crops in La Plata Horticulture Green Belt
9
90 % of the Surface of Greenhouses
Main Crops in open field
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Productive horticulture processesCONVENTIONAL• Every tool available under current regulations (there are not many controls for compliance)• Regulatory framework (authorized products maximum residue limits) SENASA Res. 934/10 an For Minor crops
SENASA Res. 608/2010.
ORGANIC, BIOLOGICAL OR ECOLOGICAL• Specific Organic Protocols and certifications• Res. SAGPyA 374/2016 and 291/2012 homologated with UE.
GAP: GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES• Specific protocols, but “generals” and privates
INTEGRATED PRODUCT (DERIVED FROM INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT)• Few products derived from Integrated Pest Management, without marks or labels, availability was sporadic
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Horticulture production in the area
11
90 % sup. invernadero“Bad” horticulture practices:problems of inocuity in final
product and risk to theworkers and the environment
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Horticulture production in the area
12
90 % sup. invernadero
- Bad use of pesticides- Use of fresh manure- Higyene and security
- Lack of record keeping- Desinformation
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Good Agriculture PracticesAre Agricultural Practices that are supported by scientific andtechnical knowledge, which applied to agriculture in a certaintemporal and spatial place achieve sustainable production,understanding as such that which can be perpetuated over timeand has environmental, economic and social stability andguarantee quality and food safety.Argentina:Since 2017, they have been incorporated into theArgentine Food Code for mandatory compliance withGAP: 1-0047-2110-4246-17-4. The standard establishes adeadline to comply with the requirement from January 2,2020 for the fruit sector and on January 4, 2021 for thehorticultural sector.
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How we analized each GAP??
Finalproduct
Waste
GoodAgriculturePractices
Tools Inputs
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SECURITY ANDHYGIENE TRAININGCROP
MANAGEMENT
AMENDMENTSAND
FERTILIZERSIRRIGATION
INTEGRATEDPEST
MANAGEMENT(IPM)
HARVEST,PACKAGING,
STORAGE ANDSELLING
RECORDKEEPING
GOOD AGRICULTURE PRACTICE
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SECURITY ANDHYGIENE :
Water analyses,washing products,
manipulation,protocols, packaging
and warehouses,workers, higyene,
clothes and behavior.
TRAINING:Security, crop
management, Securityand Hygiene, record
keeping. Traceability.Irrigation, IPM
CROP MANAGEMENT:seeds, inputs,
pesticides, fertilizers,labours, irrigation.
AMENDMENTS ANDFERTILIZERS:composting,
management ofnutrients, soil analyses,nutrients requirement.
IRRIGATION: waterrequirement, quality
and frecuency of water.
INTEGRATED PESTMANAGEMENT (IPM):pesticides, monitoring,traps, biological control
HARVEST, PACKAGING,WAREHOUSES ANDSELLING: Water and
food analyses, washingproducts,
manipulation,protocols, packaging
and storage, workers,higyene and behavior.
warehouse design,waste, boxes, food and
animals in thewarehouse,…..
RECORD KEEPING:forms, data
GOOD AGRICULTURE PRACTICES: tools and inputs
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Water problems in La Plata
1. Water analyses must be done, frequently
2. Prevention of microbiological contaminationmust be a rule
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Amendments and fertilizers
1. The fresh manure must be composted, or replaced2. Soil analyses must be done.3. Requirements of crop nutrients must be known
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Integrated Pests Management• Agrochemicals• Biological control• Colateral effect of pesticides• Monitoring• Traps• Organic production
Orius insidiosus
Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus
Adalia spp.Harmonia axyridisEriopis conexaColeomegillaquadrifasciata
Hippodamiavariegata
Tuta absoluta
Cyclonedasanguinea
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Pesticides Problematic• The National Standard for the use of agrochemicals in horticultural
crops frequently is not known (Res. 934/2010, Res. 608/2012,Ley27279/2016; Dec. Reg.134/2018)
Caractherization of pesticides:Human health: Information about human toxicity, and waiting time
Safety workers clothes: The pesticides applications are done without protection
Environment: Impact on natural enemies, birds, bees, algae and earthworms.
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Records keeping, data management andtraceability.• - farm maps and names of production plots
• - batch and / or parcel history.
• - soil works.
• - implantation dates, crops, varieties.
• - soil and water analysis (date and diagnosis).
• - application of fertilizers, amendments, fertilizers and agrochemicalapplications.
• - stock of agrochemicals.
• - harvests
• - cleaning of different places and objects:toilets, packing shed, machinery, machinery calibration,merchandise transport vehicles.
• - sales
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Training and promotion• GAP Working Comitee• Meetings and Workshops• Formal Courses and Proyects• Congreso Argentino
de Horicultura 2020• Wiki (Agroknowledge)(Integrando Tecnología
a los Cinturones Verdes”• http://bpai.lifia.info.unlp.edu.ar/index.php/P%C3%A1gina_principal
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Commercialized horticulture products
• Derived from GAP Protocols
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Waste
Food Bank,incorporated
into the soil orfor animal
feeding (pigs) ?
Unsold crops
There are nolegislation
There are nolegislation.
Empty phytosanitarycontainer
management systemhas not been yet
available.Ley27279/2016; Dec.
Reg.134/2018
All kind ofwaste
Plastics(greenhouses)
Emptyphytosanitarycontainer
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