performance-driven front-end development

Performance-driven front-end development

2013-10-25

By Zhang Hongliang

Online slide show

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Concepts

• Layout is the process by which Chrome calculates the positions and sizes of all the elements on the page.

• Reflow (aka layout thrashing )is the name of the web browser process for re-calculating the positions and geometries of elements in the document, for the purpose of re-rendering part or all of the document.

• A repaint occurs when changes are made to an elements skin that changes visibility, but do not affect its layout.

• A web browser engine, (sometimes called layout engine or rendering engine), is a software component that takes marked up content (such as HTML, XML, image files, etc.) and formatting information (such as CSS, XSL, etc.) and displays the formatted content on the screen.

– Main engine

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Main engine

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Sources

• Tools

– Canary or chrome

• Open a Chrome window in incognito mode(ctrl+shift+n)

– Devtools

– Pagespeed insights

• Links( slash not omitted )

– http://testwww.flynavi.cn/help/

– http://testwww.flynavi.cn/

– http://testwww.flynavi.cn/webflynavi/navi.htmRaxtone

Problems

Performance Tooling by Paul Irish (#perfmatters at SFHTML5)YouTubeslide Raxtone

Page load

• The DOMContentLoaded event is fired when the document has been completely loaded and parsed, without waiting for stylesheets, images, and subframes to finish loading (the load event can be used to detect a fully-loaded page).

• The load event is fired when a resource and its dependent resources have finished loading.

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External causeRegion

PlatformNetwork

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User perception

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Ideal situation

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Current situation

• The study found that the median load time for first-time visitors to a retail website’s home page was 7.25 seconds

• 57% of online shoppers will wait 3 seconds or less before abandoning the site.

• based the 3 seconds ideal load time on pc

(source:PhoCusWright/Akamai report)

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Page load time

Chrome(Canary): Devtools – Network(open Devtools and refresh)

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Network waterfall

• resources in the Network table are sorted by the start time of each request (the network "waterfall").

– the request's latency and receipt time are displayed above the corresponding bar's light- and dark-shaded areas, respectively

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Solution - methods

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Sprite,combine

Including css,html

$.ajax cache default

•Missing Trailing Slash•Connecting Web Sites

Common module

Solution - tool

• Use PageSpeed Insights to identify performance best practices that can be applied to your site, and PageSpeed optimization tools to automate the process of applying those best practices.

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PageSpeed Insights

• Best Practice(help page)

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S sprite

PageSpeed Insights

• Before building

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Grunt tasks:ConcatCssminuglifyhtmlminimagemin

PageSpeed Insights

• After building (suggestion config by server client)

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Image assets

• Pc portal flynavi.cn

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Solution

• grunt-contrib-imagemin– Minify PNG and JPEG images

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Non-blocking delivery

• Limiting yourself to downloading a single large JavaScript file will only result in locking the browser out for a long period of time, despite it being just one HTTP request.

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Solution

• The secret to nonblocking scripts is to load the JavaScript source code after the page has finished loading.– Asynchronous– Script Positioning– Deferred Scripts– Requirejs– Jquery.lazyload

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Critical path css

• External CSS stylesheets are render-blocking, meaning the browser won’t paint content to the screen until all of your CSS – specifically, media=’screen’ CSS – arrives.– Source:

Detecting Critical CSS For Above-the-Fold Content

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Solution

• Prioritize visible content– one (and only one) external CSS file– an inlined CSS block that is page specific and

allows your above the fold content to load immediately.

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@font-face load

• 1) custom fonts are awesome and we want to use them

• 2) custom fonts slow down our pages by being large additional resources.

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Solution

• Only load on large screens

• Ajax in the fonts

• Lazy load the fonts, load on subsequent page loads after cached– Source:

Preventing the Performance Hit from Custom Fonts

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Runtime

• Run time (program lifecycle phase)– In computer science, run time, run-time,

runtime, or execution time is the time during which a program is running (executing), in contrast to other phases of a program's lifecycle such as compile time, link time, load time, etc.

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Interation

• Human–computer interaction– Human–computer interaction (HCI) involves

the study, planning, and design of the interaction between people (users) and computers.

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Transitions & animations

• The CSS transition property is a shorthand property for transition-property, transition-duration, transition-timing-function, and transition-delay. It allows to define the transition between two states of an element. Different states may be defined using pseudo-classes like :hover or :active or dynamically set using JavaScript.

• The animation CSS property is a shorthand property for animation-name, animation-duration, animation-timing-function, animation-delay, animation-iteration-count and animation-direction.

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Solution

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Example 1 - 1

• Source: flynavi project

• Tool: devtools -

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Example 1 - 2

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Show composited layer borders: It can indicate the rendered elements which may be animating or have CSS transforms/transitions applied to them that change the shape or positioning of the element.

Example 1 - 3

• Applying transform style

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Example 1 - 4

• Enable continuous page repainting– This is a tool that helps you identify elements

on the page which are costly. The page will continuously repaint, showing a counter of how much painting work is happening.

– Paint hurts on low-end devices

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Example 1 - 5

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Scrolling

• Scrolling areas are used to let the user move text and/or images across the device's display.

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Memory leak & GC• A memory leak is a gradual loss of available computer memory. It occurs when a program repeatedly fails to return

memory it has obtained for temporary use. JavaScript web apps can often suffer from similar memory related issues that native applications do, such as leaks and bloat but they also have to deal with garbage collection pauses.

• In computer science, garbage collection (GC) is a form of automatic memory management. The garbage collector, or just collector, attempts to reclaim garbage, or memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use by the program.

• Problem:– Is my page using too much memory?– Is my page free of memory leaks? – How frequently is my page forcing

garbage collection?

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Key point - layout thrashing

• Outside of initial page load problems, “layout thrashing” is the most common performance problem in dynamic web applications. This is particularly true for Single Page Applications which build and destroy views on the fly.

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Solution - Minimize reflow

• Reduce unnecessary DOM depth. Changes at one level in the DOM tree can cause changes at every level of the tree - all the way up to the root, and all the way down into the children of the modified node.

• Minimize CSS rules, and remove unused CSS rules.• If you make complex rendering changes such as animations,

do so out of the flow. Use position-absolute or position-fixed to accomplish this.

• Avoid unnecessary complex CSS selectors - descendant selectors in particular - which require more CPU power to do selector matching.

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What causes the browser to layout?

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innerHTML

RequestAnimationFrame

• The window.requestAnimationFrame() method tells the browser that you wish to perform an animation and requests that the browser call a specified function to update an animation before the next repaint. The method takes as an argument a callback to be invoked before the repaint.

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The basic tools

• The workbench becomes the center of the wood shop, the craftsman returning to it time and time again as a piece takes shape.-- The pragmatic programmer by Andrew Hunt David Thomas

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Devtools• Devtools – Timeline

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Libraries

• FastDom– Target

» Eliminates layout thrashing by batching DOM read/write operations

– Principle

» Each read/write job is added to a corresponding read/write queue. The queues are emptied (reads, then writes) at the turn of the next frame using window.requestAnimationFrame.

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Example 1

• The code shared on jsfiddle.– Move a div element

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Example 2

• Positioning button animation(flynavi project)

var position_interval = null; void function () { var num = 0 ,interval=200, preFrameTime=0 position_interval = requestAnimationFrame(function (stampTime) { var duration = stampTime - preFrameTime; if(duration< interval){ requestAnimationFrame(arguments.callee) return } /*填加自车位置后，隐藏正在定位按钮样式 */ if (mapHandler.mapObj && mapHandler.curMarker) { positionStateEnd(); return; } preFrameTime=stampTime …Raxtone

Example 3 - 1

• 3,innerText leading to layout

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Example 3 - 2

• Before modified

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$('#normal_withTime_one').text(util_common.formatMinute(Math.round(newVal.timeExtend10/60))); $('#normal_withTime_two').text(util_common.formatMinute(Math.round(newVal.timeExtend20/60)));

After modified

fastdom.write(function () { $('#normal_withTime_one').text(util_common.formatMinute(Math.round(newVal.timeExtend10 / 60)));

$('#normal_withTime_two').text(util_common.formatMinute(Math.round(newVal.timeExtend20 / 60)));})

Example 4

• Comprehensive use: coffeescript, requirejs, fastdom, javascriptmvc, RWD, refactor

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define(['fastdom','jquerymx'] ,(fastdom)-> $.Model('MapRouteView',

{ setUi: -> $path_info = $('#path_info') fastdom.read(-> top1 = $path_info.position().top - 57 top2 = $path_info.position().top - 94 fastdom.write(-> $('#zoom_out').css('top', top1); $('#zoom_in').css('top', top2); $('#tmc_btn').hide(); $('#navi').hide("fast", -> $path_info.css({'visibility': 'visible'})

) ) ) } ))

require(['mapRouteView'],function(){ setMapRouteView = new MapRouteView(config); setMapRouteView.displayData();})

Qualification

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Todo

• Turn on pain rects, layer borders, continuous repainting

• about:tracing• bootstrap• Css lib

– Topcoat• Tool

– speed curve– WebPageTest Raxtone

Thanks

• @twitter

• @paul_irish

• @ChromiumDev

• @YouTube

• Other internet resources

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