pennsylvania fish species 160 native to pa study of fish biology: ichthyology

Pennsylvania Fish Species 160 Native to PA Study of fish biology:

Ichthyology

General Classification Spiny-rayed fish Hard, sometimes sharp spines in dorsal fin Ex. Yellow Perch

General Classification Soft-rayed fish Dorsal fin is without hard spines Usually have only 1 dorsal fin Adipose fin: small, fatty fin near caudal fin Ex. Trout

General Characteristics Ectothermic: temperature of surroundings

affects internal temperature and functions Temperature of water is the main

determinant of what species you will find in a given body of water

3 main groups: Cold water-< 70 degrees F Cool water-- > 60 <80 degrees F Warm water-- > 80 degrees F

General Characteristics Some of the temperature ranges may

overlap Water temperature and dissolved oxygen

are related Higher water temperature, Lower DO Lower water temperature, Higher DO

Channel Catfish

Channel Cat

Northern Hogsucker

Northern Hogsucker

Muskellunge

MUSKY

Brook Trout

Brook Trout

Brown Trout

Brown Trout

Rainbow Trout

Rainbow Trout

Pumpkinseed Sunfish

Pumpkinseed

Bluegill

Bluegill

Black Crappie

Crappie

Largemouth Bass

Largemouth Bass

Yellow Perch

Yellow Perch

Walleye

Walleye

Striped Bass (Temperate Bass Family)

Striped Bass

Carp

Carp

Creek Chub

Creek Chub

Bluntnose Minnow

Bluntnose Minnow

American Eel

American Eel

Paddlefish

Paddlefish

Fish Adaptations: Scales Hard, sometimes colorful, overlapping

plates Provides protection from predators and

disease/ infection

4 Types of Scales 1. Placoid: rectangular base, under the

skin, spines project to the surface of the skin

New scales are added, do not grow with the fish

Examples: sharks, skates, rays

Shark: Placoid Scales

Skate: Placoid Scales

Ray: Placoid Scales

4 Types of Scales 2. Ganoid: rhombus shape, connected by

peg and socket joints Do not grow with fish, new ones are added Examples: Gar, Paddlefish, Sturgeon

Longnose Gar: Ganoid Scales

Garpike

Sturgeon: Ganoid Scales

Paddlefish: Ganoid Scales

4 Types of Scales 3. Ctenoid: overlapping, allow great

maneuverability as fish bends Grows with fish, found in spiny rayed fish

Ctenoid Scales

4 Types of Scales 4. Cycloid: same as ctenoid functions Smooth margin, soft-rayed fish Grows with fish

Cycloid Scales: Catfish

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