pearl harbor and pacific campaigns. let’s review! germany started the war by invading poland. ...
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WORLD WAR IIPearl Harbor and Pacific Campaigns
Let’s Review!
Germany started the war by invading Poland.
France fell leaving Britain as the only ally until Germany invades the Soviet Union
Why was Japan spreading its empire? What did they need?
Where did they take over?
Japan Seeks a Pacific Empire
The U.S. was aware of Japan’s plans for S.E. Asia
They were in desperate need of oil – WHY??????
Admiral Yamamoto regarded the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor as a “dagger pointed at our throat”
Pearl Harbor
“a date that will live in infamy” – FDR December 7, 1941 – Japan attacked
the naval base and took the entire nation by surprise
18 ships sunk/damaged – including 8 battleships!
Demolished the U.S. Pacific fleet ≈ 2,400 Americans killed >1,000 Americans wounded
Japanese Internment Wave of prejudice against 127,000 Japanese-
Americans following Pearl Harbor Fear encouraged by government – viewed as
the “enemy” February 19, 1942 – internment camps March – rounding up Japanese-Americans
and relocated them 2/3 of those interned were native-born
American citizens 1941-1946 ≈ 31,000 were imprisoned
Tide of Japanese Victories
Next, the Japanese focused on expanding their empire
Acquired Hong Kong, Dutch East Indies, Burma
Bataan Death March – Japanese subjected prisoners to terrible crueltiesAmerican solider witnessed six Scouts
buried alive
The Allies Strike Back
U.S. quickly declared war on Japan Began campaigns in the Pacific May 1942 - Battle of the Coral Sea
– new kind of naval warfareNo shots firedAirplanes that took off from huge
aircraft carriers did all the fightingJapan claimed victory since the Allies
lost more shipsSignificance – Allies stopped
Japanese expansion for the first time
Pacific Campaigns
Battle of Midway – June 1942After intercepting a code, U.S. able to plan a
strategy to attack the JapaneseJapanese fleet = largest naval force
assembledAmericans outnumbered 4:1 in ships/planesAllowed Japanese to strike first then
Americans attacked Japanese ships○ 332 planes destroyed as well as 4 aircraft
carriersSignificance – turning point
Pacific Campaigns Douglas MacArthur
General - commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific
“island-hop” – seize lands closer to Japan that were not well defended
Battle of Guadalcanal – August 1943○ American victory
Pacific Campaigns (End of War) Okinawa (April-July
1945) Iwo Jima (February-
March 1945)Bloodiest land battlesJapanese – 110,000 killedAmericans – 12,500 killedSignificance – impact
Truman’s decision to drop bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
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