pavement performance prediction symposium july 17, 2008 ...pavement performance prediction symposium...

Pavement Performance Prediction Symposium July 17, 2008 University of Wyoming Laramie, Wyoming

2

Acknowledgements:John D’Angelo - FHWA

FHWA Mobile Asphalt Testing Laboratory ProgramFHWA Mobile Asphalt Testing Laboratory ProgramChuck Paugh – Project Manager

Jagan Gudimettla – Mixture Project EngineerSatish Belagutti – Binder Project Engineer

Raj Dongré – DLS, IncJustin Tesch – Mix Technician

Joshua Thompson – Mix TechnicianDavid Heidler – Binder Technician

Darnel Jackson – Binder Technician

also FHWA Turner also FHWA Turner FairbankFairbank Highway Research CenterHighway Research CenterNelson GibsonScott Parobeck

Frank Davis

3

How Many WMA Technologies are Available in the U.S.?

4

Currently 12 Technologies Actively Marketed and Available in the U.S.

How Many WMA Technologies are Available in the U.S.?

5

6

7

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO

8

Interstate 70, Dillon, CO

Dillon

70 miles West of Denver, CO

Elevation 8,800 – 11,100

Feet

9

East Entrance, Yellowstone, WY

10

MAMTL Trailer WMA ProjectsWarm Mix Asphalt Projects

Location Mix DesignLab Compaction

Level , GyrationsBase Binder

GradeTechnologies

Hall St., St. Louis, MO 12.5mm Superpave 100 PG 70-22

Aspha-MinEvothermSasobit

I-70, Dillon, CO, Westof Eisenhower Tunnel

9.5mm Superpave 75 PG 58-28

AdveraEvothermSasobit

East Entrance Road, Yellowstone National Park, WY

19mmHveem 75 PG 58-34 Advera

Sasobit

Mobile Asphalt Mixture Testing Laboratory

11

12

Advera WMA

13

Advera WMA

14

15

16

17

18

Emulsion

19

DAT

20

FHWA Power Chart12.5 mm Superpave, MO 0672

1912.59.54.752.361.180.60.30.0750

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 .0

Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power

Perc

ent P

assi

ng

0

1

JMFMaximum Density LinePCS

21

FHWA Power Chart12.5 mm Superpave, MO 0672

1912.59.54.752.361.180.60.30.0750

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 .0

Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power

Perc

ent P

assi

ng

0

1

JMFMaximum Density LineControlSasobit T1Sasobit T2Evotherm T1Evotherm T2Aspha Min

22

Hall Street, St. Louis, MOAsphalt Binder Content

4.74.95.15.35.55.75.96.1

Control Sasobit280F

Sasobit240F

Evotherm280F

Evotherm240F

Aspha-Min280F

Per

cent

Va- Voids in Total Mix

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.55

5.56

Control Sasobit280F

Sasobit240F

Evotherm280F

Evotherm240F

Aspha-Min280F

Per

cern

t

23

Hall Street, St. Louis, MOVMA- Voids in Mineral Aggregate

13

14

15

16

17

Control Sasobit280F

Sasobit240F

Evotherm280F

Evotherm240F

Aspha-Min280F

Per

cern

t

24

FHWA Power Chart9.5mm Superpave, CO0777

0.075 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 190

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 .0 4 .0

Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power

Perc

ent P

assi

ng

0

1

Maximum Density Line

Mix Design

PCS

25

FHWA Power Chart9.5mm Superpave, CO0777

1912.59.54.752.361.180.60.30.0750

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 .0 4 .0

Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power

Perc

ent P

assi

ng

0

1

Maximum Density LineMix DesignPCSControl 1Control 2Advera 1Advera 2Sasobit 1Sasobit 2

26

Interstate 70, Dillon, COAsphalt Binder Content

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Sample Number

Perc

ent

Ign Pb USL LSL Target

Va- Voids in Total Mix

123456

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sample Number

Per

cern

t

Va USL Target LSL

27

Interstate 70, Dillon, COVMA- Voids in Mineral Aggregate

14

15

16

17

18

19

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Sample Number

Per

cern

t

VMA Target USL LSL

28

94.793.793.295.7(single

data point)

93.393.8MatDensity

(% Rice)

235*230*243*At ScreedTemp. (°F)

243*235*260*DeliveryTemp. (°F)

363650505454Low AirTemp. (°F)

8-13-07Evotherm

Control7-26-07Sasobit

Control7-24-07AdveraWMA

ControlMixType

FieldProperty

* Minimum delivery temp for control HMA was 280 °F

Chart is Courtesy of CODOT

Interstate 70, Dillon, CO

29

FHWA Power Chart19 mm Hveem, WY 0778

0.075 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 25190.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

0 4

Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power

Perc

ent P

assi

ng

0

1

Maximum Density Line

JMF

PCS

30

FHWA Power Chart19 mm Hveem, WY 0778

0.075 0.30.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 25190.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

0 4

Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power

Perc

ent P

assi

ng

0

1

Maximum Density LineJMFPCSControl Avg.Advera Avg.Sasobit Avg.

31

East Entrance, Yellowstone, WYAsphalt Binder Content

4.6

4.8

5

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6

6.2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Sample Number

Per

cent

CONTROL MIX ADVERA MIX SASOBIT MIX

Va- Voids in Total Mix

2.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.011.012.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Sample Number

Per

cern

t

CONTROL MIX ADVERA MIX SASOBIT MIX

32

East Entrance, Yellowstone, WYVMA- Voids in Mineral Aggregate

10.011.012.013.014.015.016.017.018.019.020.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Sample Number

Per

cern

t

VMA Target USL LSL

CONTROL MIX ADVERA MIX SASOBIT MIX

33

East Entrance, Yellowstone, WY

34

ObjectiveEvaluate the effects of three Warm Mix process namely Sasobit, Aspha-Min and Evotherm on M320-Table 2 Performance GradeTo Compare the Performance Grades of Warm Mix processes with the base asphalt used in preparing warm mix asphalts

Binder Characterization

35

Study Approach

Experiment DesignBase Asphalt PG 70-22Base Asphalt + 1.5% SasobitBase Asphalt + 5.26% Aspha-MinEvotherm – (emulsion)

36

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO

64 64 -- 222266.6 66.6 –– 26.726.7Evotherm

(recovered per ASTM D 6934)

5.26%70 70 -- 222272.4 72.4 –– 24.624.6w/ Aspha-Min

1.5%76 76 -- 222276.5 76.5 –– 22.822.8w/ Sasobit

70 70 -- 222270.9 70.9 –– 24.824.8Base

Additive Rate, by wt of binder

M320, Table 2Performance Grade

M320 ContinuousPerformance Grade

37

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO

-24.8 -22.8 -24.6

70.9 76.5 72.4

-32

-16

0

16

32

48

64

80

Base Asphalt Sasobit Aspha-min

Asphalt Binders

Cont

inuo

us P

G

High TemperatureLow Temperature

38

Hall Street, St. Louis, MOPG Comparison - Evotherm

-23.3 -25.9 -26.6 -26.7

70.1 68.2 67.6 66.6

-32

-16

0

16

32

48

64

80

BASF Method-BASF BASF Method-FHWA British ASTM D6934

Asphalt Binders

Cont

inuo

us P

G

High TemperatureLow Temperature

39

I-70, Dillon, CO

No Data Obtained Due to ScheduleNo Data Obtained Due to ScheduleEvotherm

4.33%58 58 -- 282860.7 60.7 –– 30.430.4Advera

58 58 –– 282861.1 61.1 –– 30.930.9Aspha-Min

1.5%64 64 –– 222264.2 64.2 –– 29.229.2Sasobit

58 58 –– 282859.9 59.9 –– 30.330.3Base

Additive Rate, by wt of binder

M320, Table 2Performance Grade

M320 ContinuousPerformance Grade

40

I-70, Dillon, CO

-30.3 -29.2 -30.4 -30.9

59.9 64.2 60.7 61.1

0

-32

-16

0

16

32

48

64

80

Base Sasobit Advera Asphamin Evotherm

Asphalt Binders

Cont

inuo

us P

G

High TemperatureLow Temperature

41

East Entrance Rd, Yellowstone, WY

5.2%58 58 –– 282861.2 61.2 –– 33.233.2Advera

1.5%64 64 –– 282865.1 65.1 –– 32.032.0Sasobit

58 58 –– 282860.2 60.2 –– 34.134.1Base

Additive Rate, by wt. of binder

M320, Table 2Performance Grade

M320 ContinuousPerformance Grade

42

East Entrance Road, Yellowstone, CO

-34.1 -32 -33.2

60.2 65.1 61.2

-48

-32

-16

0

16

32

48

64

80

Base Sasobit Advera

Asphalt Binders

Cont

inuo

us P

G

High TemperatureLow Temperature

43

FindingsSasobit – increase of one high temp. PG grade Aspha-Min - no effect on PG gradeEvotherm

recovered at BASF, no effect on the PG graderecovered from the stored emulsion, reduced by one high temp. PG grade

44

FindingsEmulsion recovery processes had no effect on the PG. The PGs from all three recovery methods were found to be the same ASTM D6934 was found to be the quickest and easiest process to recover the Evotherm residue from emulsion

45

ObjectivesWhen should WMA performance specimens be testedWhat are the effects of reheating on WMA performance test propertiesApproach

Immediate Compaction / Immediate TestingImmediate Compaction / Delayed TestingReheated Compaction and Testing

Mixture Characterization

46

St. Louis Paving ScheduleControl (12.5mm PG 70-22) – 5/17/06Sasobit – 5/18/06Sasobit – 5/19/06Evotherm – 5/22/06Evotherm – 5/23/06Aspha-Min – 5/25/06

47

SamplingTruck bed ≈ every 2 hours of production

Volumetric• Pb – Ignition• Gmm

• Gmb

Immediate TestingE* and Fn next day after manufactureTSR and Hamburg (TFHRC)

48

SamplingTruck bed ≈ every 2 hours of production

Volumetric• Pb – Ignition• Gmm

• Gmb

Delayed TestingE* and Fn testing 2-3 weeks after manufactureTSR and Hamburg (TFHRC)

49

SamplingReheated compaction and testing conducted by TFHRC1~2 tons mixture

15 – 5 gallon bucketsSPT; TSR; Hamburg

Nelson Gibson - TFHRC

50

SamplingReheated compaction and testing conducted by TFHRC1~2 tons mixture

15 – 5 gallon bucketsSPT; TSR; Hamburg

Nelson Gibson - TFHRC

51

Superpave Gyratory Compactor366 specimens fabricated over 6 days

52

Dynamic Modulus (E*)Test Temperatures

4.4º C (40º F)21.1º C (70º F)37.8º C (100º F)54.4º C (130º F)

Frequencies0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25 Hz

53

Master Curve – Arrenhius Fit

1

10

100

1000

10000

1.E-10 1.E-08 1.E-06 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06

Reduced Time, sec

E*, k

si

4.4° C 21.1° C37.8° C 54.4° CFit

0.1 Hz1 Hz5 Hz25 Hz

54

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05

Reduced Time, sec

E*,

MP

a

Immediate

Delayed

Reheated

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Control Mixture

55

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05

Reduced Time, sec

E*,

MP

a

Immediate-280 F

Delayed-280 F

Reheated-280 F

Immediate-240 F

Delayed-240 F

Reheated-240 F

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Sasobit Mixture

56

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05

Reduced Time, sec

E*,

MP

a

Immediate-280 F

Delayed-280 F

Reheated-280 F

Immediate-240 F

Delayed-240 F

Reheated-240 F

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Evotherm Emulsion Mixture

57

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05

Reduced Time, sec

E*,

MP

a

Immediate

Delayed

Reheated

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Aspha-min Mixture

58

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05

Reduced Time, sec

E*,

MP

a

Control Mix

Sasobit 280ºF

Sasobit 240ºF

Evotherm 280ºF

Evotherm 240ºF

Aspha-Min 280ºF

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Immediately Compacted – Immediately Tested

59

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05Reduced Time, sec

E*, M

Pa

Control Mix

Sasobit 280ºF

Sasobit 240ºF

Evotherm 280ºF

Evotherm 240ºF

Aspha-Min 280ºF

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Immediately Compacted – Delayed Testing

60

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05

Reduced Time, sec

E*, M

PaControl Mix

Sasobit 280ºF

Sasobit 240ºF

Evotherm 280ºF

Evotherm 240ºF

Aspha-Min 280ºF

Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Reheated Compaction – Delayed Testing

61

E* - Master Curve

I-70, Frisco, CO

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05

Reduced Time, sec

E*,

MP

a

Control MixAdveraSasobit

62

E* - Master Curve

E. Entrance Rd, Yellowstone, WYPb - 5.3%, Mix Design Replication

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05

Reduced Time, sec

E*,

MP

a

Control Mix Advera

Sasobit

63

E* - Master Curve

E. Entrance Rd, Yellowstone, WY Average WMA Production

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05

Reduced Time, sec

E*,

MP

a

Control Mix Advera

Sasobit

64

Test TemperaturesLTTPBind, Version 3.1 SoftwareSite pavement temperature @ 50% Reliability

• Pavement Temperature• Pavement Temperature + 6° C• Pavement Temperature - 6° C

Flow Number, Fn

65

Hall Street, St. Louis, MOTest Temperatures

46º C (115º F)52º C (126º F)58º C (136º F)

Loading600 kPa – Deviator Stress0 kPa – Confining Pressure

Flow Number, Fn

66

Immediate and Delayed Test Specimens

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Contro

lSas

obit T

1Sas

obit T

2Evo

therm

T1Evo

therm

T2Asp

ha - M

inCon

trol

Sasob

it T1

Sasob

it T2

Evothe

rm T1

Evothe

rm T2

Aspha

- Min

Contro

lSas

obit T

1Sas

obit T

2Evo

therm

T1Evo

therm

T2Asp

ha - M

inFl

ow N

umbe

r, cy

cles

46° C 52° C 58° C

Flow Number, Fn

67

Immediate and Delayed Test Specimens

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Contro

lSas

obit T

1Sas

obit T

2Evo

therm

T1Evo

therm

T2Asp

ha - M

inCon

trol

Sasob

it T1

Sasob

it T2

Evothe

rm T1

Evothe

rm T2

Aspha

- Min

Contro

lSas

obit T

1Sas

obit T

2Evo

therm

T1Evo

therm

T2Asp

ha - M

inTo

tal C

ycle

s @

5%

Str

ain

46° C 52° C 58° C

Flow Number, Fn

68

I-70 - Frisco, COTest Temperatures

36º C (97º F)42º C (108º F)48º C (118º F)

Loading689 kPa (100 psi) – Deviator Stress69 kPa (10 psi) – Confining Pressure

Flow Number, Fn

69

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Control Advera Sasobit Evotherm

Flow

Num

ber,

cycl

es

36° C 42° C 48° C

I-70 Flow Number, Fn

70

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Control Advera Sasobit Evotherm

Tota

l Cyc

les

@ 5

% S

trai

n

36° C 42° C 48° C

I-70 Flow Number, Fn

71

FindingsImmediate vs. Delayed Testing

Evotherm & Aspha-Min• Performance testing - delayed after specimen

manufactureSasobit

• Performance testing can be conducted immediately after specimen manufacture

72

14.8610.1010.4917.319.799.46Hamburg(mm rut)

343536353436Stability8094111*9783100TSR (%)

15.816.315.916.515.716.5VMA (%)2.23.62.43.01.83.1Voids (%)

6.386.046.326.416.386.23AC (%)

Results are from the CDOT QA lab – QC results were comparable

8-13-07Evotherm

Control7-26-07Sasobit

Control7-24-07AdveraWMA

ControlMixType

LabProperty

* Average of other control mix tested on the job.

Regardless of Hamburg Rut Depth, Moisture damage more prevalent in the WMA samples than the control samples – see following pictures

Chart is Courtesy of CODOT

Interstate 70, Dillon, CO

73

I-70 Hamburg Advera

CONTROL 9.46 mm

ADVERA 9.79 mm

CDOT Hamburg History:75 gyration mixtures typically fail Hamburg, but fail primarily due to plastic flow rutting rather than stripping/moisture damage

*Data and Photos are Courtesy of CODOT

74

CONTROL 17.31 mm

SASOBIT 10.49 mm

I-70 Hamburg Sasobit

*Data and Photos are Courtesy of CODOT

75

CONTROL 10.10 mm

Evotherm14.86 mm

I-70 Hamburg Evotherm

*Data and Photos are Courtesy of CODOT

76

Control - 3.82 mm and 4.00 mmAdvera - 3.80 mm and 3.25 mmSasobit - 3.28 mm and 2.60 mm

*All the testing was performed at 40°C wet and reported at 20,000 passes.

Yellowstone Hamburg

77

WMA Technical Working Group (TWG)WMA Technical Working Group (TWG)FHWA / NAPA sponsoredCo-Chairs

Matthew Corrigan, FHWARon White, Industry

RepresentedState DOTState APANCATHot Mix Asphalt Industry

AASHTOLaborNIOSH

78

International WMA ConferenceInternational WMA ConferenceNAPA, FHWA & AASHTO sponsoredNAPA, FHWA & AASHTO sponsoredNovember 11November 11--13, 2008 in Nashville, TN13, 2008 in Nashville, TNFeatures:Features:

ProcessesProcessesMix Production & PlacementMix Production & PlacementEnergy consumptionEnergy consumptionMix DesignMix DesignMaterial PropertiesMaterial PropertiesEnvironmental PerformanceEnvironmental Performance

EngineeringState of the PracticeFuture Direction

79

Warm Mix Asphalt: Best PracticesWarm Mix Asphalt: Best PracticesQuality Improvement Quality Improvement Series (QIP) 125Series (QIP) 125

Stockpile Moisture ManagementStockpile Moisture ManagementBurner Adjustments and Burner Adjustments and EfficiencyEfficiencyAggregate Drying and Aggregate Drying and BaghouseBaghouseTemperaturesTemperaturesDrum Slope and Drum Slope and FlightingFlightingCombustion AirCombustion AirRAP usageRAP usagePlacement ChangesPlacement Changes

7979

80

WMA European Scan TourWMA European Scan TourJoint Program w/ FHWA, AASHTO,NCHRP and IndustryPublicationFHWA-PL-08-007Scan Final Report

Electronic copy.pdf available at

8080

81

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