participatory rural appraisal of livestock diseases amongst a fulani community in central nigeria

PENAPH First Technical Workshop, Dec 11-13, Chiang Mai

Bolajoko M. B., Moses G. D., Gambari-Bolajoko K. O., Ifende V. I., Emenna P. and Bala A.

Participatory Participatory Participatory Participatory rural appraisal of rural appraisal of rural appraisal of rural appraisal of

livestock livestock livestock livestock diseases amongst a diseases amongst a diseases amongst a diseases amongst a Fulani Fulani Fulani Fulani

community in central Nigeriacommunity in central Nigeriacommunity in central Nigeriacommunity in central Nigeria

Introduction

�Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) evolved from rapid rural appraisal (RRA)

�RRA: rapid collection of data by non-members of the community for comprehensive understanding of the rural situation

Introduction cont

PRA: intensive, systematic, but semi-structured method of having an overview and analyses of the prevailing situation in community with the community actively involved in the process.

Objectives study

�Overview of the livestock health problems and their management by the Fulanis

�detect disease or health problems of importance to community

�prevalence or incidence

Methods

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� A translator

� Two epidemiologists

� A clinician

� A sociologist

� Introduction of appraisal team � Identify respondents � Types of livestock reared &

husbandry systems � Identification & description of at

least 3 diseases for each livestock

� Grazing location/pattern � Visual & Physical examination � Proportional piling exercise

Methods cont

� Approximately 30% of the Fulani community were randomly visited during study

� Among techniques of PRA: Open-ended interview with respondents, transect & proportional piling

http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/mv/mv_closer.htm

www.farmafrica.org/what-we-do/what-we-do

Methods cont

� Sourced information were recorded as non-numeric, non-categorical testimonies from oral explanations of respondents

� Iterative analyses

� Participatory (probing, triangulation) analyses

� Samples and ticks were collected during visits for laboratory diagnosis & identification

http://asapafrica.blogspot.it/2009_01_01_archive.html

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/r4d/PDF/Outputs/ClimateChange/jotoafrika_7.pdf

Results

�Most important: Haemorrhagic septicaemia

�Most prevalent: Babesiosis & contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia (CBPP)

�Other health problems: Newcastle disease (ND), fascioliasis, brucellosis, tick & tsetse fly infestation.

Results cont

� High incidence of conjunctivitis and fever among the Fulani communities usually accompanies tick Infestation in both cattle and goat

� Major challenge: limited water supply particularly over the dry season

� > 90% of the respondents do not seek veterinary consultation

Results cont

� Community had no specific grazing lands allocated for grazing

� Increase in the incidence of diseases during the rainy season

� Lab confirmations: infectious bursa disease (poultry), CBPP, babesiosis, ND, fascioliasis, brucellosis & tick infestation

� Fulanis, not effectively integrated into the nation’s livestock disease control & health maintenance system

Discussion

� PRA, a useful tool for reliable data collection: on spatiotemporal prevalence or incidence of diseases and to inform research design & goal.

� PRA can be used to liaise with, empower & integrate the rural or remotely located livestock-owning communities in the control of animal diseases.

Conclusion

�This study reiterates the benefits of PRA, particularly in improving the detection & understanding of problems faced by farmers.

�Proving to be an indispensable tool for sustainable disease control, rural development particularly in developing nations.

Acknowledgement

The Executive Director, National Veterinary Research Institute

� HOD, Extension and Research Liaison Division

� Dr (Mrs.) Maryam Muhammed

� The respondents during the study and our translator

Thank you for listening