participatory design

Participatory design

Denis Gillet & Adrian Holzer & Dave KirkThe copyright of images belong to their authors. I will remove them on demand. Contact me at adrian.holzer@epfl.ch

actively involve users as members of the design team from the start of the design process

Participatory design

Contrasts with experimental approaches where users are treated as passive subjects

Why include users in the design team ?

Because they are the experts in the

‘work’ activities the system is

being designed to support

They can teach

us a great deal about what the system should do

mutual learning process

What are the participatory design principles ?

=Users, designers & developers are equal partners

Continuous communication among stakeholders accelerates design

Stakeholders gain a shared understanding of design goals, opportunities, and constraints

Users and other stakeholders contribute their unique expertise

User actively participates in the design of the system

Prospotentially more accurate information about the tasks

more opportunity for users to influence the design decisions

buy-in from sense of participation

potential greater acceptance of final system

Consmore costly

lengthier development period

antagonism from those whose suggestion are not incorporated

force designers to compromise

exacerbate conflicts between designers and users

highlight organizational politics

Supporting Methods

Collaborative prototyping Scenarios Use cases

Collaborative prototyping

Two key requirements

Understanding the current organization of work (ethnography helps out)

Envisioning the future (users help out)

Develop quick and dirty prototypes ‘Low tech’ or ‘low fidelity’ prototypes

Iterative cooperative development of prototypes

Minimum Viable Products

Supporting Methods

Collaborative prototyping Scenarios Use cases

Scenariosdescriptions of

the various episodes that

constitute ‘use’ from the users’

point of view

May be ‘current’ (and draw on ethnography) or ‘future’ (and be developed with users)

Scenarios specify...

User goals

The role of artifacts, tools & other

resources

Usage context Activities involved

Supporting Methods

Collaborative prototyping Scenarios Use cases

Use cases

Descriptions of the system’s responses to specific use scenarios and sequences of interaction

Participatory design & social media

Stakeholders

Online communities Users, Groups and Facilitators Share common interests and services

Online services Designers, Developers and Providers

Provide services and added values Targeted business models and

customers

Social Media Platforms Designers, Developers and Providers Aggregate users and services Market ads and social data

Example of designing collaborative services for an

online community

Build a team

or members of the online community

representative of the users

Facilitator

Collaborative service developer

knowing what can be done

knowing what has a value for the provider

Collaborative service manager

Designer

knowing if the interaction will

be efficient

helping in eliciting the objectives and knowing if the collaboration will be effective

Psycho-sociologist

A mediator should be nominated

Designer DeveloperPsycho-sociologist FacilitatorManager

Participatory design team

(independent or integrated)

Design in use

Design for use

Participatory design stages

1

2

initial design of services & their scenarios of uses.

Design for use

It generates prototypes of new artifacts as well as scenarios of uses to be trialled during a “design in use” phase

1

(independent or integrated)

Design in use2

Design for use1

Participatory design stages

Trialling the prototypes in use cases

Validate and refine scenarios & services

Design in use2

Participatory design approach

Iterative negotiation process between heterogeneous actors

Participatory design principles

Negotiation & consensual decision making

Negotiation and consensual

decision making

Sharing cultural

backgrounds,

ideas and needs

Ongoing reflection on process with the designers

Mutual necessity to work together

Construction of a shared language and vocabulary

In social media

One scenario / feature is designed at a time

Fast update pace (new feature)

Design iterations are done online

First on test servers then on exploitation servers

First test users and then real users

Implicit (use or not use) / explicit implication of users

Implicit / explicit direct (customer relationship) or indirect (social media) conversation between users and providers

Teachers

Pedagogy

HCI

Computer Science

Community

Inquiry Learning

Investigation

Conceptualisation

Conclusion

Discussion

Orientation

Mockup task force

Evaluations

Prototype design

Pedagogical content creation

Evaluations

… an so on