part i oceanographic observationsatmos.ucla.edu/~mechoso/vocals post-rex_part 1.pdf · 2010. 10....
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Part I
Oceanographic Observations
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NOAA Ship Ronald H Brown
Vocals/Stratus Leg 1 and Leg 2
Leg 1: Charleston, SC Oct 6 – Arica Nov 3 Leg 2: Arica Nov 9 – Arica Dec 2
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Leg 1: Charleston, SC Oct 6 – Arica Nov 3 Leg 2: Arica Nov 9 – Arica Dec 2
Sampling in Ecuadorian,
Peruvian, international and
Chilean waters.
Sampling in international
and Chilean waters.
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Blue circles – SST drifters
Yellow diamonds – Profiling floats
Underway from Rodman to Arica
with ~2.5 days at WHOI/Stratus
mooring and ~3 days at DART
• Air-sea fluxes, bulk meteorology
• Atmospheric profiling
• Cloud properties, photographs
• Aerosol physics, chemistry, optics
• Recover/deploy WHOI mooring
• Recover/deploy DART mooring
• Underway ocean sampling (T,S, vel)
• Radiosondes
• SST drifters
• Profiling ocean floats (T,S, O)
• Phytoplankton sampling
• Seawater DMS, DMSP, chlorophyll
• Underway PCO2
• Optical absorption spectroscopy
• C and X band radars
• CTD profiles, water sampling
• Ocean vertical microstructure profiles
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WHOI Stratus buoy: bulk
meteorology; ocean
temperature, salinity, velocity
time series in upper 1500 m.
Chilean Navy Hydrographic
and Oceanographic Service
(SHOA) DART (tsunami
warning) buoy, fitted with WHOI
bulk meteorological sensors
and ocean T and S sensors in
upper 300 m.
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WHOI Stratus buoy 2007
Mean wspd 6.6 m s-1
Mean incoming swr 205.7 W m-2
Mean incoming lwr 371.8 W m-2
Mean sst 20.09°C
Mean at 18.97°C
Chilean Navy Hydrographic
and Oceanographic Service
(SHOA) DART buoy 2007
Mean wspd 5.4 m s-1
Mean incoming swr 178.2 W m-
2 Mean incoming lwr 378.5 W
m-2
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WHOI Stratus buoy 2006-2007
Net heat flux 18.1 W m-2
Net swr 194.4 W m-2
Net lwr -45.0 W m-2
Net sensible-10.9 W m-2
Net latent-120.3 W m-2
DART buoy 2006-2007
Net heat flux 27.5 W m-2
Net swr 168.4 W m-2
Net lwr -36.2 W m-2
Net sensible-10.1 W m-2
Net latent-94.7 W m-2
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Heat fluxes
at 20˚S
Assess gridded
products and models
with 8 20˚S cruise
sections
7085100
-120
-80
-40
GFDL CM2.1
late
nt
7085100-40
-30
-20
-10
0
sensib
le7085100
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
longw
ave
7085100150
200
250
300
sola
r
70851000
40
80
120
160
net
west longitude
7085100
-120
-80
-40
IROAM
7085100-40
-30
-20
-10
0
7085100-100
-75
-50
-25
0
7085100150
200
250
300
70851000
40
80
120
160
Model
WHOI ORS buoy
OAFlux (1984-2002) analysis
CORE (1984-2004)
NOAA ship observations
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VOCALS 2008 20S section
longitude
heig
ht (k
m)
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2001
altitude (km)
potential temperature (K)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
specific humidity (g kg-1
)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
2003
altitude (km)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
2004
altitude (km)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
2005
altitude (km)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
2006
altitude (km)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
longitude
2007
altitude (km)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
longitude
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
2001
altitude (km)
potential temperature (K)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
specific humidity (g kg-1
)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
2003
altitude (km)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
2004
altitude (km)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
2005
altitude (km)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
2006
altitude (km)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
longitude
2007
altitude (km)
-85 -80 -750
1
2
290
300
310
longitude
-85 -80 -750
1
2
0
5
10
PBL height tilted west in 2001, 2005, 2006, 2007;
no tilt in 2003, 2004, 2008.
C-130 85W sections can identify if this is synoptic variability.
specific humidity (g kg-1)potential temperature (K)
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Cloud base
10% higher
than LCL
Cloud base
above 900 m
decoupled from
surface layer
Decoupling observed from the ship (2007)
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SUMMARY OCEAN MEASUREMENTS VOCALS REX - R.H. BROWN LEG2 (Nov. 9th – Dec 2nd 2008) compiled by Fiamma Straneo (WHOI)
30 CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) profiles (to 1000-2000m) were collected in eddies, fronts and the boundary current together with oxygen, turbidity and fluorometer pofiles. Water samples were collected for nutrients, chlorophyll and dimethylsulfide by C. Grados (IMARPE), B. Huebert (U. Hawaii), A. Hind and P. Matrai (Bigelow).
300 Underway CTD profiles (to 300-700m) were collected to map the large-scale, mesoscale and submesoscale structure of the upper ocean
4 Surface Drifters and 4 Profiling SOLO floats were deployed in the center of eddies or in frontal regions to provide long-term context to the VOCALS-Rex measurements.
15 VMP (vertical microstructure profiles) were collected to quantify mixing rates in the range of oceanic environments of the SEP (center and edges of mesoscale cyclones and anticyclones, the offshore region and the coastal upwelling region)
Underway data (velocity, temperature, salinity, fluorometer) was collected along the way throughout Leg 2.
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SUMMARY of LEG 2 Ocean Measurements
C1
C2C3
A3
A2
Figure: Brown’s trajectory (black) and underway CTD sections (white dash)CTD stations (blue circles), VMP and CTD (blue with red rim),
24 hour monitoring stations (green circles – red rim), float and drifter deployments (white squares and circles).
Background field is SST for November 18th. Contours show
sea-surface height (contour interval 5 cm; positive red and negative blue).
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Profiling Float Deployed from R.Brown (photo F. Straneo)
Vertical MicrostructureProfile (photo F. Straneo)
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Property Profiles
Eddy-blue, mean-
black
eddy
eddy
3 Cyclonic eddies (C1, C2 and C3)were sampled in Leg 2
Characteristics- cold SST anomaly- shallow mixed layer- sub-surface warm, salty core (300m)
Preliminary Results 1: Characteristics of the Cyclonic Eddies
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Preliminary Results 2: Coastal Upwelling Region and source of Eddies:Figure shows an underway CTD section up to the coast of Chile.
Upwelling of fresh and coldwaters of Subpolar origin to the surface
Cyclonic Eddy with a warm salty sub-surfacecore
Boundary currentwith same propertiesAs the eddies’ core
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Preliminary Results 3: Sea water DMS (dimethylsulfide) was elevatedaround the edges of the cyclonic eddies likely due to the entrainmentof nutrients into the mixed layer – these regions also had more elevatedvalues of atmospheric DMS and, thus, play a role in offshore aerosol production
Sea water DMS variations are correlated with the upperocean’s temperature andsalinity variations.
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The VOCALS-Peru Cruise ExperimentRV Jose Olaya Cr. 2008-10
The VOCALS-Peru Team
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II. WORK PACKAGES
WP 1 – Atmosphere: Coastal Wind Jet Structure and Cloud Clearing
WP 2 – Physical and Biogeochemical characteristics of the upwelling cell(plume and front)
WP 3 – Biological properties: Community structures, interface fluxes and Fishdistribution
WP 4 – Ocean/atmosphere interactions and biological response
H1 - There is a strong feedback/interaction between the variability of the
atmospheric coastal wind, the upwelling cell and the associated
thermic front and cloud clearing between Pisco and San Juan.
H2 - There is a strong interaction between oceanic physical structures and
biogeochemical/fish community structures and distribution.
I. HYPOTHESES
! Specific 15-day cruise (atmospheric, hydrographic, biogeochemical and
fishery acoustics observations, glider and zooplankton experiments),
! Satellite and historical (1960-2007) in situ data
! Coupled Model platform: Atmosphere (WRF, MM5), physics (ROMS),
Biogeochemistry (PISCES, SEAPODYM)
III. TOOLS
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Data setsData Instrument/sensor
Spatial/Vertical
resolutionAcquisition rate
Data/Samples
collected
Underway data
Winds, Rel Humidity, Ta, SLP Vaisalla Met. Shipboard Station 1 min interval
Currents VM-ADCP RDI-mod.OS-75 04-16 m, 0-600/700 m 3 sec 2.5 Gbytes
T , S , O 2 , Fluorescence, Turbidity Slocum-type glider 0-200m, Vert. vel.: 10cm/s LR/3m, HR/1 m
SST (°C), currents Surface drifters WOCE-SVP type
T (°), S (PSU) EDAS System 20 min interval
pCO2 (ppm) LICOR mod 6262 2sec/10 min average
Fish abundance and distribution SIMRAD EK-60 echosounder 0-500 m, 38/120/200 kHz. 1 nm (UBM) 2040 nm
On station - sensors
Ta, Winds, Rel.Humidity, SLP GAUSS System- NCAR 132 launchings
Conductivity, Temperature, Depth CTD SBE911+ 0-1000 m 24 measurement/sec 113 profiles
Fluorescence Chelsea UV Acquatracka (SN088-235) 0-1000 m (/6000m) 24 measurement/sec 113 profiles
Oxygen SBE-43 (S/N1342)-IRD 0-1000 m 24 measurement/sec 113 profiles
On station - samples
Oxygen concentrations Winkler method Standard depths (0-500m) 401 samples
Nitrates, Nitrites, Phosphates, Silicates UV Vis Spectrometer Lambda45 P Elmer Standard depths (0-500m) 401 samples
PH Metler Toledo mod. Multiseven Standard depths (0-500m) 375 samples
Chlorophyll-a Turner Design 10AU fluorometer Standard depths (0-75m) 260 samples
Phytoplankton Cualitative analysis Standard net 0m 37 samples
Phytoplankton Quantitative analysis Niskin bottles Standard depths (0-75m) 153 samples
Zooplankton Cualitative analysis WP-2 0m 35 samples
Zooplankton vertical distribution Hensen net 0-50m 17 samples
Anchovy eggs CUFES 0m 20min interval. 313 samples
Larvae collection/Zooplankton distrib. Bongo net 0-300m 16 samples
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Observations of oceanic currents
structures off Southern PeruGérard ELDIN (LEGOS, Toulouse, France)
Thanks to Carmen GRADOS and the scientific party
onboard R/V José Olaya
Data for this presentation were obtained
during the VOCALS-REx cruise of R/V
José Olaya: 03-17 October 2008
• RDI 0S-75 VM-ADCP
• 8 m bins, 10 mn averages, ~16-600 m
• CODAS3 processing software and data
base
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Selected ADCP sectionsPeru-Chile Under-Current (PCUC)
Callao
ParacasPisco
San Juan
Cerro Azul
Ica
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Summary
• The Peru Current and Peru-Chile Under-Current (PCUC) werethe dominant features of the circulation during VOCALS-REx.
• Strong spatial/temporal variability in PCUC transport and core
location were observed. Model results reproduced such a
variability, even at moderate resolution:
• Strong small scale variability was noted in the surface layer.
• Surface flow was mostly southward and partly non-geostrophic.
Whether that flow formed an independent Peru-Chile Counter-Current,
or was an upward extension of the PCUC is underl investigation.
50-300m, 5-y avg, from a ROMS run,
(J. Boucharel)
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