parrobaartecsecs_11-03-13

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

CAMPUS OF

INTERNATIONAL

EXCELLENCE

DVFS STUDY IN DATA CENTER INFRASTRUCTURES

ENERGY EFFICIENCY APPLICATION

Patricia Arroba García

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

CAMPUS OF

INTERNATIONAL

EXCELLENCE

Contents

1. Research objective

2. Context

3. Motivation

4. Energy model

5. Energy profiling

6. Results

7. Conclusions

8. Future work

2 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

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Research objective

• Reducing energy consumption in Cloud computing data centers

– Application awareness

– Thermal behavior awareness

• Management of low power modes (DVFS)

• Resource selection and consolidation

• Task scheduling

3 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

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Research objective

• DVFS in general purpose computing represents savings about 70%

• Energy consumption in Data Centers is dominated by consumption of idle hosts

• In practice, Data Centers do not use DVFS

4 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

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Context

• State of the art: DVFS policies *

– frequency Dynamic energy consumption

• Consequence

task execution Static Energy consumption

5

Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

*E. Quintana: Considers this consequence in his research “Energy-Aware Matrix Computations on Multi-Core and Many-core Platforms”

time

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Context

• State of the art: Energy consumption models

– Dynamic energy = f ( f, V, CPU load %)

– Static energy = f ( T or T3) fitting complexity

• Consequence

– Weak static energy consumption model

frequency and voltage dependencies missing

simplified temperature dependance

6

Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

CAMPUS OF

INTERNATIONAL

EXCELLENCE

Motivation

Practical evaluation in real servers

• Validation of a complete energy model

• Analyzing the impact of:

– CPU load %

– Temperature

– DVFS modes & execution time

on the overall energy consumption

7

Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

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Energy model

8

(Taylor Series)

Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

m: host i: task k: DVFS mode

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Energy model

9

Leakage energy of the rest of the server (NOT CPU) It does not depend on the DVFS mode. Fixed frequency.

Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

CAMPUS OF

INTERNATIONAL

EXCELLENCE

Energy model

10 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

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Energy Profiling

• Server: Intel Xeon RX300 – 1 CPU, 8 threads hardware

– 7 DVFS modes 1.73 – 2.4 GHz

– Tools: Ipmitool (PTOT, TCPU), perf (IPC), ps(CPU%)

cpufrequtils (DVFS modes)

• Workload: Lookbusy – Synthetic workload

– Highly controllable (CPU load %)

– Does not affect other devices (memory, disk, ... )

11 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

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Curve fitting

• Matlab fitting functions

– Maximum fitting error = 13.61 %

– Mean fitting error = 2.02 %

12 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

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Model application results:

Dynamic Energy vs load CPU%

13 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

Wh

%

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Model application results:

Leakage vs load CPU

14 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

Wh

Hz

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Model application results:

Leakage vs temperature

Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

Wh

Hz

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• Temp: 303 K

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Model application results:

Energy vs DVFS (CPU 10%)

• Temp: 315 K

Difference (Temp.) 5%

Difference (DVFS) 12% Difference (DVFS) 13%

Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

Wh Wh

Hz Hz

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Model application results:

Energy vs DVFS (CPU 100%)

• Temp: 303 K • Temp: 315 K

Difference (Temp.) 5%

Difference (DVFS) 5.5% Difference (DVFS) 6.8%

Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

Wh Wh

Hz Hz

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Conclusions

18 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

Energy-Aware Matrix Computations on Multi-Core and Many-core Platforms. E. Quintana

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EXCELLENCE

Conclusions

• Energy model validated in a real server

• The state of the art does not take into account

the execution time penalty in the static energy

consumption

– Consumption only activating CPU: Best savings for the highest operating frequency

• Promising future work

19 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

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Future work

• Static energy consumption masks CPU dynamic consumption so the static contribution dominates the DVFS policy

• Memory consumption is significant as its contribution will increase the percentage of dynamic consumption

20 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

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Future work

• Due to this reason, an optimum DVFS mode could be found to increase energy savings

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Fixed Optimum

Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

Application features

CPU % Memory demand %

DVFS optimum

Wh

Hz

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

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Future work

• Real applications can be characterized by its CPU and memory demand

• DVFS modes can be adjusted to these features to increase the overall data center energy efficiency considering the application

• We have developed a MILP to simulate the allocation of tasks, the resource selection and configuration in a data center infrastructure that will be revised to reflect this new target

22 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

CAMPUS OF

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EXCELLENCE

Publications

• Breaking the Energy-Wall in e-Health Scenarios with a Novel Computing Paradigm. M. Zapater, P. Arroba, J.L. Ayala, J.M. Moya, K. Olcoz, C.A. López-Barrio, FGCS 2013.

23 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

CAMPUS OF

INTERNATIONAL

EXCELLENCE

Thanks for your attention

24 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

CAMPUS OF

INTERNATIONAL

EXCELLENCE

25 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures

“Ingeniamos el futuro”

CAMPUS OF

INTERNATIONAL

EXCELLENCE

26 Patricia Arroba | DVFS study in Data Center infrastructures