paper (low-fidelity) prototypes
Post on 02-Jan-2016
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Paper (low-fidelity) Prototypes
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When we are designing
• When we are thinking about design • We are visualizing the interface inside our head
(imaginary)• Our short term memory is limited• For most of us, manipulating images mentally is quite
difficult
• Expressing a design idea in a concrete form• As a sketch, model ……• Acts as a feedback mechanism to the designer
(backtalk)• Allows people to communicate ideas to others.• materials, platforms, cost
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Why not use a computer tool?
• Our mental processes are much faster than our ability to express the ideas
• Drawing is much faster than using a design environment (cad, ide etc)
• With a drawing you can be ambiguous and sketchy• Where computer tools often force premature decisions
• With a drawing you don’t worry about alignment, size, colour, font …..• All of these are distracters when
• form and function should be the focus early in the design process
At then ends of the spectrum
• These two designs are the same (bad) solutions to a problem• Sketch 8.6 changes• VB Form 6.5 changes
So what happens if you partly tidy?
What happened?
• Number of changes • Enjoyment
0
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Low formality(paper)
Low formality Medium-lowformality
Medium-highformality
High formality
Levels of formality
To
tal c
ha
ng
es
Mean total change
3.37(sd = 1.35)
4.2(sd= 1.35)
3.17(sd = 1.15)
2.53(sd = 0.90)
1.7(sd = 1.02)
0
0.5
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1.5
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2.5
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3.5
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4.5
High formality Medium-highformality
Medium-lowformality
Low formality Low formality(paper)
Levels of formality
Mea
n ra
nk
References
• Plimmer, B. E., Apperley, M., Evaluating a Sketch Environment for Novice Programmers, in proc SIGCHI, ACM, (2003), 1018-1019
• Plimmer, B. E., Apperley, M., Software for Students to Sketch Interface Designs, in proc Interact, (2003), 73-80
• Yeung, L. W. S., Exploring beautification and the effects of designs' level of formality on the design performance during the early stages of the design process Department of Psychology, MSc, University of Auckland, (2007)
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How to make a low-fi prototype
• Pen, paper, coloured pencils, scissors, cellotape …..• Just like primary school • Phone interface for airline booking
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Make a device
• Use the cornflakes box, a hunk of polystyrene ……
• Paint/ draw on the controls• Stick on junk• Use buttons to represent dials
Nancy Frishberg, Prototyping with junk, Interactions,2006, V13:1 Pp 21 – 23, ACM
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Wizard of Oz
• Use the prototype and your imagination to interact with the interface
• One person is the computer• One person is the user• One person is the observer
• The user might say ‘click’ a button• The computer response by displaying the next screen
(or what ever)
• There is a nice video of this on you tube “Hanmail Paper Prototype” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrV2SZuRPv0&eurl=http://deeplinking.net/paper-web/
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Iterate rapidly
• When you find a problem with the interface• Change it – tape over … twink
Observer • Write down what is changed AND why• Write down the functions the system needs to
support
• If you don’t write them down you WILL forget!!!!
Case Study – old interface
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manufacturing scheduler
Attributes by task
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This is about ¼ of the table
Competitors
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Lo-fi Prototype
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Hi-fi Prototype
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