p4c course, day one, 31 aug 10
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Philosophy for Children (P4C)
James Nottingham www.p4c.comwww.jamesnottingham.co.uk
www.jamesnottingham.co.uk
james@p4c.com
www.challenginglearning.com
Contact Details
Philosophy for Children
What is P4C?
How can P4C help towards outstanding learning and teaching?
What resources are suitable for P4C?
What are the best facilitation techniques to ensure progress?
222
P4C Course
ReadyFireAim
The aim of a thinking skills programme
such as P4C is not to turn children into
philosophers but to help them become more thoughtful,
more reflective, more considerate and more
reason-able individuals
P4C – Created by Matthew Lipman
1.Sit in a circle
2.Share a story, text or other stimulus
3.Ask (philosophical) questions
4.Choose the best question
5. Identify the key concept
6. Listen to other perspectives
7. Apply critical and creative thinking
8. Consider progress
55 99
Typical P4C Format
22
• Children gained on average 6 standard points on a measure of cognitive abilities after 16 months of weekly P4C
• Pupils increased their level of participation in classroom discussion by half as much again following 6 months of weekly P4C
• Incidents of children supporting their views with reasons, doubled over a 6 month period
• Teachers doubled their use of open-ended questions over a 6 month period
• Pupils and teachers perceived significant gains in communication, confidence, concentration, participation and social behaviour following 6 months of P4C
Impact of P4C – research findings
Nursery P4C - Names
Year 5 P4C: Your Granny or Your Goldfish?
Filmed by Channel 4 in 1999. Video at: www.p4c.com/video-clips
An Ethos for Learning
Not all of our questions answered …
… but all of our answers questioned
21
?
The Learning Challenge
188
Cla
rity
Con
fusi
on
The Pit
1. Concept
2. Conflict
2
1
ANALYSE
ANTICIPATE
APPLY
CAUSAL-LINK
CHOOSE
CLASSIFY
COMPARE
CONNECT
CONTRAST
DECIDE
DEFINE
DESCRIBE
DETERMINE
DISCUSS
ELABORATE
ESTIMATE
EVALUATE
EXEMPLIFY
EXPLORE
GENERALISE
GIVE EXAMPLES
GIVE REASONS
GROUP
HYPOTHESISE
IDENTIFY
INFER
INTERPRET
ORGANISE
PARAPHRASE
PREDICT
QUESTION
RANK
REPRESENT
RESPOND
SEQUENCE
SIMPLIFY
SHOW HOW
SOLVE
SORT
SUMMARISE
SUPPORT
TEST
VERIFY
VISUALISE
A selection of thinking skills
137
P4C and thinking skills
“No programme I am aware of is more likely to teach durable and transferable thinking skills than Philosophy for Children”
21
Robert Sternberg
President of the American Psychological Association
“... are committed to the development of sustained shared thinking by offering encouragement, clarifying ideas and asking open questions which support and extend children’s thinking and help them make connections in learning – while ensuring a balance between adult-led and child initiated activities” (EYFS 1.27)
A continuously improving setting will have well-qualified and experienced staff who:
The Learning Challenge
188
Cla
rity
Con
fusi
on
The Pit
1. Concept
2. Conflict
3. Construct
2
1
3
Eureka!
Eureka!
I know it’s wrong to
steal
But then why was Robin
Hood a hero?
Cognitive Conflict is Key to P4C
Kriticos = able to make judgments
Critical Thinking
Comes from the Greek, Kriticos
Meaning: able to make judgments
Source: www.etymonline.com
If A = B then
Does B = A?
Friend Trust
Trust Friend
For example …
Wobblers (If A = B)
96
If A = B then
If it’s NOT B = NOT A?
Real See It
Can’t See It Not Real?
For example …
Wobblers (If NOT A ?)
98
EY and Primary Concepts
MeFairness
RealLanguage
HomeTelling lies
Growth/Change Same
PetsEmotions
FriendsThinking
BelongingDreaming
222
3 weeks old 2 years old 4 years old Adult
What makes you, you?
Are you the same person you were when you were a baby?
If you had a different name, would you be a different person?
When you play make believe, are you still you?
What Makes Me, Me?
285
Using Pictures
What’s this about?
What messages could someone take from this?
What caption could we put with this picture?
What themes are there in this picture?
Contact Details
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