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Oxy Elk Hills CO2 EOR Project Occidental of Elk Hills, Inc.
CCS Public Workshop
CSU Campus, Bakersfield
October 1, 2010
William Barrett
Benefits of CO2 EOR Project
• Jobs
• Low-carbon electricity
• GHG emissions reduction
• Extend life of mature oil field
• Less dependence on foreign oil
• Tax revenue
Principles and Practice of Using CO2 for EOR
(17)
8 Projects
13,000 Gross Bbls/d
Operators: Merit/Chaparral/Whiting
CO2 Source: Manufacturing
8 Projects
13,000 Gross Bbls/d
Operators: Merit/Chaparral/Whiting
CO2 Source: Manufacturing
Mid-Continent
17 Projects
42,000 Gross Bbls/d
Operators: Denbury
CO2 Source: Natural
Eastern Gulf Coast
20 Projects
39,500 Gross Bbls/d
Operators: Exxon/Anadarko/Merit
CO2 Source: Natural/Manufacturing
Rockies
69 Projects
187,000 Gross Bbls/d
Operators: Various
CO2 Source: Natural
Permian Basin
(17)
8 Projects
13,000 Gross Bbls/d
Operators: Merit/Chaparral/Whiting
CO2 Source: Manufacturing
8 Projects
13,000 Gross Bbls/d
Operators: Merit/Chaparral/Whiting
CO2 Source: Manufacturing
Mid-Continent
17 Projects
42,000 Gross Bbls/d
Operators: Denbury
CO2 Source: Natural
Eastern Gulf Coast
20 Projects
39,500 Gross Bbls/d
Operators: Exxon/Anadarko/Merit
CO2 Source: Natural/Manufacturing
Rockies
69 Projects
187,000 Gross Bbls/d
Operators: Various
CO2 Source: Natural
Permian Basin
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US
EO
R P
rooj
ects CO2 EOR is a
Time Proven Process
Note: Based on data obtained from the 2010 O&G Journal bi-annual EOR Survey
Company Wide• Experience
• # Active CO2 EOR projects
• CO2 Injected
Proposed Elk Hills CO2 EOR Project• Elk Hills CO2 EOR Project initial injection
• Anticipated start date
Oxy is a Worldwide Leader in CO2 EOR
38 years
25 projects
37 million tonnes/yr
(½ new, ½ recycle)
2 million tonnes/yr
2016
US CO2 Injection is ~ 92 million tonnes/yr*
*Source: S. Melzer
How Does Carbon Dioxide Storage in Oil Bearing Formations Actually Work?
P
Ground Surface
Injection Pressure
Annulus Pressure P
Inflow
Tubing
Annulus
Injection ZonePacker
Confining Zone
Fresh Water
Grout
Wellhead
Both images show a slice of rock that has been magnified 100 times and treated with blue dye to show the pore spaces. The image on the left is sandstone, a good storage reservoir. The image on the right is a shale, which forms a good cap rock or seal.
Storage Reservoir Cap Rock
• Porosity is the amount of space between grains of rock; permeability is the connectedness of the pore spaces.
• A good storage reservoir has a lot of porosity and permeability which are combined in a term called “injectivity”
• A good cap rock has low porosity and permeability and acts as a barrier to prevent carbon dioxide from rising to the surface
Injection Well Design and Protective Mechanisms
Typical Injection Well
Source: Battelle
Elk Hills Oil Field – Stevens Reservoirs
0 2 MilesN
NWSNWS
31S31S29R29R
ELK HILLS OIL FIELDLOCATION OF THREE DEEP STEVENS STRUCTURES
CO2 From HECA Low-Carbon Power Plant
HECA site close to:
• Elk Hills Oil Field - CO2 EOR and geologic storage
• Adequate non-potable water supply
• Electric transmission system
Elk Hills Oil Field
HECA
CO2 EOR Will Be Implemented in Phases
31S & NWS Stevens Reservoirs contain:
• 640 active producing wells, 185 active injection wells
• Over 7.5 billion Bbls reservoir pore volume
• 20 yrs CO2 off-take from HECA will require less than 1 billion Bbls reservoir pore volume
CO2 EOR Project:
~ 250 Injection Wells/ Patterns
~ 250 New Wells
~ 107 MMCF/d CO2 Injection
Additional EOR AreaPrimary EOR Areas
NWS
31S
29R
CO2 EOR Project Initial Phase:
~ 38 Injection Wells/ Patterns
~ 56 Producers
~ 107 MMCF/d CO2 Injection
Stevens Reservoirs
• Lithology sandstone• Porosity 11-26%• Permeability 10-250 md• Max Pay 450 feet• Depth 5,500-8,000 feet• CO2 EOR Area ~5,500 acres• Oil Gravity 32-35º API
UBB1 Structure; CI = 250 ft
356A-31S
358X-33S
356-34S
387X-34S
387-32S
336X-32S
355C-35S
UBB1 Structure; CI = 250 ft
356A-31S
358X-33S
356-34S
387X-34S
387-32S
336X-32S
355C-35S
Stratigraphic Cross Section
31S Structure
Stev
ens
Res
ervo
irs
Using CO2 to Contact Stevens Reservoirs
Reef Ridge Shale Planned 20-year Volume of CO2
Stevens Reservoirs
Free Water LevelFree Water Level
Reef Ridge Shale Planned 20-year Volume of CO2
Stevens Reservoirs
Free Water LevelFree Water Level
Reef Ridge Shale Planned 20-year Volume of CO2
Stevens Reservoirs
Free Water LevelFree Water Level
Injection and Production Facilities
Central Tank Battery
Reinjection Compression Facility
CO2 Recovery Plant
31S Structure
NWS Structure
CO2 Supply PipelinesPhase 1 CO2 EOR Areas
Process Flow Diagram
Oil & Water
13 WAG Manifolds Water
InjectionFacility
13 Production / Well-testing
Satellites (20-30 wells each)
WaterTreatment
Oil / WaterSeparation
Inlet Gas Separator
Oil &Water
Water
Water Water
CO2CO2 WaterDriveWater
MiscibleZone
Additional Oil
Recovery
Oil Bank
HECA
NWS Low Pressure Injection
Facility (A1/A2)
ReinjectionCompressionFacility (RCF)
CO2Removal
Plant (CRP)
CO2Facility
Production Wells
Injection Wells
AlternatingCO2 &Water
O
M
Oil to SalesM
NGL to SalesM
N2 to ESOZM
HC Gas to SalesM
O
O
O
O
O
HC Gas + CO2
High Purity CO2
Nitrogen
High Purity CO2
HC Gas
NGL Recovery
CO2 + HC Gas
CO2
CO2
Oil
O
O OExcess Water Makeup Water
OO
Well Fluid
M OCustody Transfer Meter & CO2 Analyzer / Sampler Operations Meter for Total CO2, HC Gas, Water, Oil
Test Meter
AggregateProductionMeter
Oil & Water
13 WAG Manifolds Water
InjectionFacility
13 Production / Well-testing
Satellites (20-30 wells each)
WaterTreatment
Oil / WaterSeparation
Inlet Gas Separator
Oil &Water
Water
Water Water
CO2CO2 WaterDriveWater
MiscibleZone
Additional Oil
Recovery
Oil Bank
HECA
NWS Low Pressure Injection
Facility (A1/A2)
ReinjectionCompressionFacility (RCF)
CO2Removal
Plant (CRP)
CO2Facility
Production Wells
Injection Wells
AlternatingCO2 &Water
O
M
Oil to SalesM Oil to SalesM
NGL to SalesM NGL to SalesM
N2 to ESOZM N2 to ESOZM
HC Gas to SalesM HC Gas to SalesM
O
O
O
O
O
HC Gas + CO2
High Purity CO2
Nitrogen
High Purity CO2
HC Gas
NGL Recovery
CO2 + HC Gas
CO2
CO2
Oil
O
O OExcess Water Makeup Water
OO
Well Fluid
M OCustody Transfer Meter & CO2 Analyzer / Sampler Operations Meter for Total CO2, HC Gas, Water, Oil
Test Meter
AggregateProductionMeter
CO2 EOR vs. Saline Aquifer Injection
Sequestration through EOR• Secure reservoir / natural trap
• Many injectors and producers
• Mass balance
• CO2 saturated reservoir: 30% to 50% trapped each cycle
• CO2 valuable injectant commodity
• Class II UIC Permit
Saline Aquifer Sequestration• CO2 fate less certain – pore space
ownership issues, CO2 tracking
• Injection wells
• Zone of high pressure
• CO2 plume
• CO2 is disposed
• Class VI UIC Permit
Role of MRV Plan
• Identify and assess risk of potential leakage of CO2 to surface
• Monitor behavior of injected CO2
• Determine volume of CO2 sequestered
• Establish reporting framework
• Define site closure and post-closure monitoring
How Much CO2 is Sequestered?
Material Mass Balance Equation:
CO2 transferred to OEHI for EOR- CO2 measured in products moved offsite- CO2 emitted through leakage (if any) - Incidental and operational losses of CO2
= CO2 Sequestered
Benefits of CO2 EOR Project
• Jobs
• Low-carbon electricity
• GHG emissions reduction
• Extend life of mature oil field
• Less dependence on foreign oil
• Tax revenue
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