overview of tissues learning objectives identify the four primary tissues compare and contrast...
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Overview of TissuesOverview of Tissues
Learning ObjectivesIdentify the four primary tissuesCompare and contrast primary tissue structure and function Identify examples of epithelial and connective tissue and where they are locatedCompare and contrast the structure and function of epithelial and connective tissue typesIdentify the three types of epithelial membranes
HistologyHistology
The science that deals with the The science that deals with the study of tissues.study of tissues.
Hist –Hist – tissue tissue ologyology – – study ofstudy of
Types of TissueTypes of Tissue
EpithelialEpithelial ConnectiveConnective MuscleMuscle NervousNervous
Overview of Epithelial Overview of Epithelial TissueTissue
Covering and Lining EpitheliumCovering and Lining Epithelium Covers body surfacesCovers body surfaces Lines body cavities, hollow organs Lines body cavities, hollow organs
and ductsand ductsGlandularGlandular Forms glandsForms glands
Epi – Epi – on top on top thelium - thelium - coveringcovering
General Features of General Features of EpitheliumEpithelium Consists of packed cells with little Consists of packed cells with little
extracellular material between themextracellular material between them Cells are arranged in continuous sheets, Cells are arranged in continuous sheets,
in either single or multiple layersin either single or multiple layers Have a free surface and a basal surfaceHave a free surface and a basal surface
– Lumen – the hollow space in an organ or tubeLumen – the hollow space in an organ or tube Are Are avascular : a- avascular : a- without without vascular-vascular-
blood vesselsblood vessels Have nerve supplyHave nerve supply High capacity for renewal by cell divisionHigh capacity for renewal by cell division
Functions of Functions of EpitheliumEpithelium ProtectionProtection SecretionSecretion AbsorptionAbsorption ExcretionExcretion Sensory receptionSensory reception Generation of gametesGeneration of gametes
Covering and Lining Covering and Lining EpitheliumEpithelium
Classification by shapeClassification by shape Squamous - flatSquamous - flat Cuboidal – cubes or hexagonsCuboidal – cubes or hexagons Columnar – tall, rectangular and Columnar – tall, rectangular and
cylindricalcylindrical Transitional – range in shape from Transitional – range in shape from
flat to columnar and often change flat to columnar and often change shapeshape
Classification by Arrangement of LayersClassification by Arrangement of Layers Simple – single layer in areas of diffusion, Simple – single layer in areas of diffusion,
osmosis, filtration, secretion and osmosis, filtration, secretion and absorptionabsorption
Stratified – two or more layers used for Stratified – two or more layers used for protecting underlying tissuesprotecting underlying tissues
Pseudostratified columnar – contains one Pseudostratified columnar – contains one layer, appears to have several layers but layer, appears to have several layers but not all cells reach the surface, ciliated or not all cells reach the surface, ciliated or secrete mucoussecrete mucous
Simple Squamous Simple Squamous EpitheliumEpithelium
Single layer, flat cells, central nucleusSingle layer, flat cells, central nucleus
Lines the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic Lines the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, alveoli, glomerular capsules, and vessels, alveoli, glomerular capsules, and
forms the epithelial layer of serous membranesforms the epithelial layer of serous membranes
Function: filtration, diffusion, osmosis, Function: filtration, diffusion, osmosis, secretion in serous membranessecretion in serous membranes
Simple Cuboidal EpitheliumSimple Cuboidal Epithelium
Single layer, cube shaped, central nucleusSingle layer, cube shaped, central nucleus
Lines the tubes and smaller ducts of the Lines the tubes and smaller ducts of the kidneyskidneys
Function: secretion and absorptionFunction: secretion and absorption
Noncilialted Simple Columnar Noncilialted Simple Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium
Single layer, nonciliated, rectangular, cylindrical Single layer, nonciliated, rectangular, cylindrical cells, nucleus at base, contain goblet cells, some cells, nucleus at base, contain goblet cells, some have microvillihave microvilli
Goblet cells make and secrete mucusGoblet cells make and secrete mucus
Lines GI, respiratory, reproductive and urinary Lines GI, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tractstracts
Function: secretion and absorptionFunction: secretion and absorption
Ciliated Simple Columnar EpitheliumCiliated Simple Columnar Epithelium
Single layer, ciliated, rectangular, cylindrical cells, Single layer, ciliated, rectangular, cylindrical cells, nucleus at base, some goblet cellsnucleus at base, some goblet cells
Lines portions of trachea and upper respiratory tract, Lines portions of trachea and upper respiratory tract, Fallopian tubes, uterus, some paranasal sinuses Fallopian tubes, uterus, some paranasal sinuses and central canal of the spinal cordand central canal of the spinal cord
Function: moves mucus and other substances Function: moves mucus and other substances
Stratified Squamous EpitheliumStratified Squamous Epithelium
Several layers, cuboidal or columnar deep, Several layers, cuboidal or columnar deep, squamous superficial, basal cells replace squamous superficial, basal cells replace surface cellssurface cells
Keratinized epidermis, nonkeratinized lines Keratinized epidermis, nonkeratinized lines the mouth, esophagus, vagina and tonguethe mouth, esophagus, vagina and tongue
Function: protectionFunction: protection
Stratified Cuboidal EpitheliumStratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Two or more layers, superficial cells cube-Two or more layers, superficial cells cube-shapedshaped
Ducts of adult sweat glands and part of male Ducts of adult sweat glands and part of male urethraurethra
Function: protection and limited secretion and Function: protection and limited secretion and absorptionabsorption
Stratified Columnar EpitheliumStratified Columnar Epithelium
Several layers, irregularly shaped cells, Several layers, irregularly shaped cells, columnar cells superficialcolumnar cells superficial
Lines part of urethra and large excretory ductsLines part of urethra and large excretory ducts
Function: protection and secretionFunction: protection and secretion
Transitional EpitheliumTransitional Epithelium
Variable cell shapes, superficial cells Variable cell shapes, superficial cells squamous when stretched, cuboidal when squamous when stretched, cuboidal when relaxedrelaxed
Lines urinary bladder and portions of ureters Lines urinary bladder and portions of ureters and urethraand urethra
Function: permits organs to stretch without Function: permits organs to stretch without rupturingrupturing
Pseudostratified Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium
Not true stratified tissue, cells at different Not true stratified tissue, cells at different layers, all cells attached to basement layers, all cells attached to basement membrane, only some reach surfacemembrane, only some reach surface
Ciliated lines airways of most of the upper Ciliated lines airways of most of the upper respiratory tract (trachea)respiratory tract (trachea)
Function: secretion and movement of mucusFunction: secretion and movement of mucus
Glandular EpitheliumGlandular Epithelium
Endocrine –Endocrine – ductless glands ductless glands
Pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glandsPituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands
Exocrine –Exocrine – glands with ducts glands with ducts
Sweat and salivary glandsSweat and salivary glands
Connective TissueConnective Tissue
General FeaturesGeneral Features Two basic elements: cells and a matrixTwo basic elements: cells and a matrix Does not occur on body surfacesDoes not occur on body surfaces Has a nerve supply, except cartilageHas a nerve supply, except cartilage Usually highly vascular except cartilage Usually highly vascular except cartilage
(avascular) and tendons(avascular) and tendons Various tissue types confer a variety of functionsVarious tissue types confer a variety of functions
Two Major TypesTwo Major Types Embryonic – found in the embryo and fetusEmbryonic – found in the embryo and fetus Mature – present in newborns to adultsMature – present in newborns to adults
Connective Tissue CellsConnective Tissue Cells
FibroblastsFibroblasts MacrophagesMacrophages Plasma CellsPlasma Cells Mast CellsMast Cells AdipocytesAdipocytes LeukocytesLeukocytes
Embryonic Connective Tissue
Mesenchyme – tissue from which mature connective tissue will arise
Mucous Connective Tissue – found primarily in the umbilical cord of the fetus
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