overview of the upov convention - food and agriculture ... · 4 7 upov mission statement “to...
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Peter ButtonVice Secretary-General, UPOV
GenevaOctober 26, 2016
1
Overview of the UPOV Convention
Symposium on Possible Interrelations between the
ITPGRFA and the UPOV Convention
FARMERS’ BENEFITS
2
BREEDERS’ RIGHTS
NEEDS OF SOCIETY
2
3
UPOV MISSION STATEMENT
“To provide and promote an effective system of plant variety protection, with the aim of encouraging the development of new varieties of plants, for the benefit of society”
4Bernard Le Buanec, Second World Seed Conference (Rome, September 2009)
3
5
Lodging HeightEarlinessResistance to sprouting
MildewYellow rustBrown rustSeptoria nodorumSeptoria triticiEyespotFusarium ear blightOrange wheat blossom midge
Yield: treated/untreatedYield: early sown/late sownYield: light soil/heavy soil
Breadmaking qualityBiscuit making qualityFeed quality
6(Video: iStockphoto.com/SaddamStock)
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UPOV MISSION STATEMENT
“To provide and promote an effective system of plant variety protection (PVP), […]”
Plant Breeder’s Right (PBR)
The boundaries shown on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UPOV concerning the legal status of any country or territory
Members of UPOV (74) covering 93 States
Initiating States (15) and Organization (1)
States (23) and Organization (1) in contact with the UPOV Office8
UPOV status
5
Protected plant varieties
Unprotected plant varieties
Landraces
Wild populations
Not regulated by UPOV
(ITPGRFA, CBD, seed marketing regulations etc.)
Protected plant varieties
Unprotected plant varieties
Landraces
Wild populations
6
FARMERS’ BENEFITS
11
BREEDERS’ RIGHTS
12
7
13
14
Ecuador: gain without pain…
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15
Compulsory
Acts done:• privately and for non-
commercial purposes
• for experimental purposes
• breeding other varieties (breeder’s exemption”)
Optional
Farm-saved seed
EXCEPTIONS TO THE BREEDER’S RIGHT (1991 Act)
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• Compulsory
• propagation of a variety by a farmer exclusively for the production of a food crop to be consumed entirely by that farmer and the dependents of the farmer living on that holding
therefore“subsistence farming” where these constitute acts done privately and for non-commercial purposes, may be considered by a UPOV member to be excluded from the scope of the breeder’s right
(i) Acts done privately and for non-commercial purposes(i) Acts done privately and for non-commercial purposes
Acts Possibly falling within the scope of the exception
EXCEPTIONS TO THE BREEDER’S RIGHT
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17
Compulsory
Acts done:• privately and for non-commercial
purposes
• for experimental purposes
• breeding other varieties (breeder’s exemption”)
Optional
Farm-saved seed
EXCEPTIONS TO THE BREEDER’S RIGHT (1991 Act)
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A Contracting Party may restrict the breeder’s
rights in order to permit farmers to use:
for propagating purposes on their own holdings
the product of the harvest obtained on their own holdings from the protected variety within reasonable limits subject to safeguarding legitimate interests of the breeder
OPTIONAL EXCEPTION TO THE BREEDER’S RIGHT
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There are no restrictions on who can be considered to be a breeder under the UPOV
system: a breeder might be an individual, a farmer, a
researcher, a public institute, a private company etc.
PUBLIC(GOVT.)
PRIVATESMALL
LARGE
INTERNATIONAL LOCAL
TYPE OF VARIETY
INDIVIDUAL
COMMUNITY
CROPS
FOREIGN NATIONAL
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SMALL
LARGE
INDIVIDUAL
COMMUNITYFarmers
Farmer cooperatives
Symposium on the Benefits of Plant Variety Protection for Farmers and Growers
Farmer breeders
12
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PBR Applications in 2015
• Total 148 applications
• Farmer breeders 8 applications
– Rice 7
– Orange 1
VIET NAM
PUBLIC(GOVT.)
PRIVATE
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25(Photo: iStockphoto.com/VladTeodor) (Photo: iStockphoto.com/luoman)
26(Illustration: iStockphoto.com/Cory Thoman)(Photo: BSPB)
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Breeder Performance Test Trials
(Photo: Dupont/Pioneer)
Symposium on the Benefits of Plant Variety Protection for Farmers and Growers
Vuyisile Phehane
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TYPE OF VARIETY
CROPS
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
Year
Number of plant genera and species for which protection sought (UPOV Members)
16
INTERNATIONAL LOCALFOREIGN NATIONAL
32
ForeignDomestic
NEW VARIETIES
BREEDERS
CONSUMERS
FARMERS, GROWERS
BREEDERS
CONSUMERS
17
33
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Years after joining UPOV
Latin America Countries acceding to UPOV between 1994 & 2000
Applications(non-resident)
Applications(residents)
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-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Vo
lum
e (t
on
s)
Val
ue
(Bil
lio
n K
shs)
Value (Billion (Kshs.)
Volume (Tons)
PVP Operational
UPOV Membership
Evans Sikinyi, Second World Seed Conference
Export of Kenyan Cut Flowers
International Market Development
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Protected plant varieties
Unprotected plant varieties
Landraces
Wild populations
Breeding with protected varieties: no restrictions under UPOV Convention
FARMERS’ BENEFITS
36
BREEDERS’ RIGHTS
NEEDS OF SOCIETY
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