overview of fire occurence accuracy assessment wilfrid schroeder proarco – ibama university of...
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Overview of Fire Occurence Accuracy Assessment
Wilfrid SchroederPROARCO – IBAMA
University of Maryland – Dept of Geography
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Grand Bittar Hotel - Brasília 26 July 2004
Main Goal
To address satellite derived fire product characteristics giving emphasis to MODIS data
To point out major elements affecting the resulting fire numbers
To suggest means of correcting/accounting for such influences
How can we improve data quality - validation
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Are we representing the correct surface condition? (i) Qualitatively
Do hot spot numbers reflect the expected fire dynamics on a regional level? Temporal and spatial distribution
Do different satellite products reflect the same relative numbers?
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Biome Characterization
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Ecoregion Terra2001 Terra2002 Terra2003 Aqua2003 AVHRR2001 AVHRR2002 AVHRR2003Floresta Amazônica 19074 29452 24337 88027 50835 84338 61892Floresta Estacional 23887 41109 39835 74713 37736 61782 68240Cerrado 30205 39878 29378 50911 28747 47958 38766Caatinga 4143 4027 4921 23237 17377 22652 30028Campinarana 50 27 203 336 125 44 302Mata Atlântica 720 773 1168 4137 908 1942 2998Mata dos Pinheiros 251 284 717 9302 873 1392 3478Complexo do Pantanal 5601 7696 1928 3260 6723 11028 2415Vegetação Costeira 1111 900 813 2335 1563 2196 1970Campos 615 541 403 796 513 750 646Campos Campanha Gaúcha 67 55 72 274 70 152 52Campos de Roraima 227 224 89 173 95 126 109Ilha 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ecoregion Terra2001 Terra2002 Terra2003 Aqua2003 AVHRR2001 AVHRR2002 AVHRR2003Floresta Amazônica 0.0054 0.0083 0.0069 0.0248 0.0143 0.0238 0.0174Floresta Estacional 0.0145 0.0250 0.0242 0.0455 0.0230 0.0376 0.0415Cerrado 0.0192 0.0254 0.0187 0.0324 0.0183 0.0306 0.0247Caatinga 0.0056 0.0055 0.0067 0.0316 0.0237 0.0308 0.0409Campinarana 0.0002 0.0001 0.0007 0.0012 0.0004 0.0002 0.0011Mata Atlântica 0.0029 0.0031 0.0047 0.0168 0.0037 0.0079 0.0122Mata dos Pinheiros 0.0014 0.0015 0.0039 0.0505 0.0047 0.0076 0.0189Complexo do Pantanal 0.0348 0.0478 0.0120 0.0203 0.0418 0.0686 0.0150Vegetação Costeira 0.0077 0.0063 0.0057 0.0163 0.0109 0.0153 0.0137Campos 0.0056 0.0049 0.0037 0.0072 0.0046 0.0068 0.0059Campos Campanha Gaúcha 0.0011 0.0009 0.0011 0.0044 0.0011 0.0024 0.0008Campos de Roraima 0.0184 0.0181 0.0072 0.0140 0.0077 0.0102 0.0088Ilha 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Absolute Numbers
Hot
Spot
Density
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
State Terra2001 Terra2002 Terra2003 Aqua2003 AVHRR2001 AVHRR2002 AVHRR2003Amazonas 1296 1741 2269 7117 1298 1858 2297Pará 9844 14747 8653 34471 28588 48163 28796Mato Grosso 26314 48515 41139 59436 33046 58457 55343Maranhão 6277 6370 5628 24733 18699 24134 24828Tocantins 7833 9584 6168 10573 9106 13625 9818Rondônia 3533 6164 7259 20944 5059 10463 9130Roraima 1515 995 2111 2690 2416 2018 4778Acre 664 616 1138 6845 828 1238 1229Amapá 759 551 522 1755 1301 1153 906
State Terra2001 Terra2002 Terra2003 Aqua2003 AVHRR2001 AVHRR2002 AVHRR2003Amazonas 0.0008 0.0011 0.0014 0.0045 0.0008 0.0012 0.0015Pará 0.0079 0.0118 0.0069 0.0276 0.0229 0.0386 0.0231Matro Grosso 0.0291 0.0537 0.0455 0.0658 0.0366 0.0647 0.0613Maranhão 0.0189 0.0192 0.0170 0.0745 0.0563 0.0727 0.0748Tocantins 0.0282 0.0345 0.0222 0.0381 0.0328 0.0491 0.0354Rondônia 0.0149 0.0259 0.0306 0.0882 0.0213 0.0440 0.0384Roraima 0.0068 0.0044 0.0094 0.0120 0.0108 0.0090 0.0213Acre 0.0044 0.0040 0.0075 0.0449 0.0054 0.0081 0.0081Amapá 0.0053 0.0039 0.0037 0.0123 0.0091 0.0081 0.0063
Absolute Numbers
Hot
Spot
Density
State Characterization
Are we representing the correct surface condition? (ii) Quantitatively
• Do absolute numbers reflect the ground truth?
• What are the major elements affecting statistics?
• How do such elements impact different satellite data?
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Driving elements
• Satellite coverage• Viewing geometry (pixel size & view angle)• Fire size/temperature/duration• Clouds• Biome type• Diurnal Cycle
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Satellite Coverage
MODIS Global Coverage15 June 2004
NASA-GSFC
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Viewing geometry(pixel size & view angle)
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
0
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Scan Angle (º )
Siz
e (k
m)
Are
a (k
m2)
Pixel Area
Cross Track
Along Track
AVHRR
Viewing geometry(pixel size & view angle)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Scan Angle (º )
Siz
e (k
m)
Are
a (k
m2)
Pixel Area
Cross Track
Along Track
MODIS
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Scan Angle (o)
Hot
Spo
ts
NOAA-12
NOAA-14
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Viewing geometry(pixel size & view angle)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Scan Angle (o)
Hot
Spo
ts
NOAA-12
NOAA-14
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Viewing geometry(pixel size & view angle)
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pixel Size
Hot
Spo
ts
Terra_2001
Terra_2002
Terra_2003
Aqua_2003
Viewing geometry(pixel size & view angle)
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
0
50
100
150
200
250
1-jul
8-jul
15-jul
22-jul
29-jul
5-ago
12-ago
19-ago
26-ago
Hot
Spo
ts
Viewing geometry(pixel size & view angle)
AVHRR
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1-jul
8-jul
15-jul
22-jul
29-jul
5-ago
12-ago
19-ago
26-ago
Hot
Spo
ts
Viewing geometry(pixel size & view angle)
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
MODIS
Fire size/temperature/duration
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
1.05
0.520.29 0.18 0.11 0.08 0.02
7.40
2.48
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
400K 450K 500K 550K 600K 650K 700K 750K 1000K
Flame Temperature
Hec
tare
s
Background: 300KSaturation (AVHRR): 322K
Pixel size: 1.1km
Fire size/temperature/duration
0
5
10
15
20
25
100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 Mais
Meters
Fre
quency
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Clouds
MCT/INPE/CPTEC
Satélite Noaa-12 Data: 2004/06/22
Estado/State : Mato Grosso
Total Imageado : 99 % da Área
Total Imaged : 99 % of the area
Da Área Imageada : 0 % possíveis Nuvens
Of the Imaged Area : 0 % possible Clouds
Focos de Calor/Hot Pixels : 852
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
One can calculate hot spot density per area
imaged
Biome Type
• Different biome types will involve different biomass characteristics which influence fire intensity (thereby detectability)
• Climatology will also affect soil&vegetation moisture and atmospheric conditions
• Land use management will differ over biomes (timing and type of fires – conversion/maintenance)
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Diurnal Cycle
• Satellite overpass time represent distinct fire situations
• Difference within image (eastern/western edges are imaged at different local times ~1.3 hour)
• Mid-afternoon overpass time taking advantage of usual higher fire frequency and increased local temperature (favoring detectability)
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Validation Efforts
Satellite inter-comparison via GIS analysis
Airborne imaging (Vis/IR bands)
Ground sampling
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Desktop Validation
Provides valuable information to assess product quality image navigation detectability [to some extent]
Pros Fire data is available online (PROARCO/INPE,
UMD/NASA, UW-ABBA) Almost costless (software license)
Cons May lead to wrong conclusions
**ASTER imagery can provide coincident high resol data to validate MODIS/Terra
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Airborne Imaging
Provides high resol imagery Detectability performance (fire size) Area estimates
Pros Fastest way to collect large quantities of data for
validating different satellite data Good for both prescribed and opportunistic fires Can also be used for burn scar & deforestation product
validation Cons
High cost operation
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Ground Sampling
Provides in situ measurements of fire characteristics Temperature, duration, size [to some extent] Detectability performance
Pros Best way to understand “what is in a pixel” Can serve to collect complementary data (fuel load,
combustion efficiency, etc.) Cons
Time consuming process Requires area selection (committing land owners)
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Homework
Equipment Required
What can we do with that?
How can we accomplish
that?
Desktop PC + software Routine quality assessment (persisting errors); image navigation
Internet access:BdqueimadasRapidResponseABBA
Airborne Imaging system +airplane
Fire sampling: size/~intensity~~timing~/location
Large research projects (requires group coordination)
Ground GPS; digital camera; temperature sensor
Fire sampling: timing/durationlocation/~size~intensity/land history
Individuals doing field research/local fire community/~landowners
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
Fire product access:INPE (AVHRR; MODIS; GOES; DMSP – South America):http://www.cptec.inpe.br/queimadashttp://www.dpi.inpe.br/proarco/bdqueimadasNASA/UMD (MODIS – World Wide):http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.govhttp://maps.geog.umd.eduWisconsin (GOES – North -> South America):http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/burn/wfabba.html
E-Mail listStart new contacts from this workshop and strengthen old ones
Wire-up!!
Ground-based Accuracy Assessment for Fire and Deforestation Events Workshop
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