other senses. copyright © allyn and bacon 2006 position and movement vestibular sense sense of body...

Other Senses

Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2006

Position and MovementPosition and MovementVestibular Sense

Sense of body orientation with respect to gravity

Tells how our bodies, especially the head, are postured. (Straight, leaning, upside down,…)

Also, how we are moving and how our motion is changing

Closely associated with the inner ear and is carried to the brain on a branch of the auditory nerve

Children develop their vestibular senses by swinging, spinning, twirling, and rolling around on the ground. 

Children gravitate toward these movements naturally.

 Vestibular movement is in fact considered critical to brain development.

Kinesthetic Sense

• Sense of body position and movement of body parts relative to each other

Proprioception is another term that is often used interchangeably with

Kinesthesia

Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2006

SmellSmell

Olfaction

Sense of smell

PheromonesPheromones • Chemical signals Chemical signals

released by released by organisms to organisms to communicate with communicate with other members of other members of the speciesthe species

Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2006

SmellSmell

Age, Sex and Sense of Smell

Women

Men

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99Age Group

4

3

2

0

Numberof correct

answers

Women and young adults have best sense of smell

Gustation – The sense of taste

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Taste buds –Receptors for taste (primarily on the upper side of the tongue)

Taste

Four Primary Tastes• Sweet• Sour• Salty• Bitter

• New Fifth Quality: Umami ..the flavor associated with MSG

Campbell's soups

Hostess products

Doritos

Lays flavored potato chips

Top Ramen

Betty Crocker Hamburger Helper

Heinz canned gravy

Swanson frozen prepared meal

Kraft salad dressings, especially the "healthy low-fat" ones.

"Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein," which is just another name for Monosodium

Glutamate.

Spicy is not a taste quality

Taste and Smell Work Together• Much of the taste

of an onion is odor, not flavor.

• If you did not have the sense of smell, an onion and an apple would taste the same

Supertasters• People that have more

taste buds for bitter flavors who are more sensitive than regular tasters

• The tend to dislike things such as diet soda

• Have a survival advantage, because most poisons are bitter

Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2006

Fissured tongue

Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2006

The Skin SensesThe Skin SensesTouchTouch

WarmthWarmth

ColdCold

TextureTexture

PainPain

PAIN• Pain means something is… …wrong with the body

No one has yet to develop a theory that explains everything about pain

Watch Zohan- Adam Sandler Feels No Pain video at

Youtube.com

Gate-Control TheoryGate-Control Theory• Theory that pain control is due to a neural

‘gate’ that can, under certain circumstances, block incoming pain signals

• Pain travels on two different sensory pathways to the brain

Fast fibers Fast fibers vs.vs. Slow fibers Slow fibers

• Fast fibers deliver most of the sensory information to the brain

• Very intense stimuli (pain) send strong signals on the slow fibers

Gate-Control TheoryGate-Control Theory• Competing messages from the fast fibers can block

the pain message in the slow fibers, preventing the slow fiber’s message from reaching the brain.

• The nervous system can only process a limited amount of stimulation at a time.