osap invertebrates 2010
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Ontario Stream Assessment Protocol
(OSAP)
South Nation Conservation
Toronto and Region Conservation Authority
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
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Section 2:
Benthic Macroinvertebrate
Assessment
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Objective
Provide a assessment techniques for benthic
invertebrates as an indicator of a potential water
quality impairment at the site level
Techniques vary with effort and diagnostic
capabilities
link to EPA, MOE, OBBN, Watershed Report Card
attempt to standardize approaches used
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Steps
1. Determine Study Design2. Use Section 1 to identify and document site
boundariesuse S1 M5 (New) Site Features for
Water Quality Surveys to maintain consistency with
OBBN Includes noting dominant substrate types, aquatic
macrophytes present, bankfull width, canopy cover and river
characterization
3. Select sample locations
4. Document habitat conditions
5. Collect sample
6. Process sample
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Study Design Considerations
precision of data collected
type of study
resources
Questions influence, method used, type of processing,
Taxonomy level, preservation, identification location
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Sampling Techniques
Rapid Assessment
10 large particles or kick smaller substrates into net,determine taxa presence and relative abundance
Stationary Kick Technique
2 - 1m2 samples in riffles, with kick net (2 minutes)
Transect Travelling Kick and Sweep
approx 10 m transect, 3 minutes with d-net
sample area varies with productivity and stream width ,2 riffles and 1 pool
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Document Habitat Conditions:
wetted width of stream (0.1 m)
depth, hydraulic head (nearest 5 mm)
10 substrate particles (median axis diameter in mm)
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Maximum difference (over 3-5 seconds) in the height of water
between the front and back of a ruler when placed at right angles to
direction of flow
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randomly sample and
measure median
diameter of 10 substrate
particles
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Transect Kick & Sweep sample a minimum of 10 linear metres in approximately
3 minutes along each collection area (transect)
generally provides 100 animals or more
if stream width is less than 10 m, multiple transects
should be sampled such that the total distance sampledis at least 10 m (i.e., a distance greater than 10 m maybe attained as transects must be sampled in theirentirety)
if the stream width is greater than 10 m, the entire widthmust be sampled
transects are established perpendicular to the mainconcentration of flow (i.e., thalweg)
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Traveling Kick and Sweep-
Transect Method (ForWadeable or Partially
Wadeable Stream Reach)
Flow
Transect
Sampling
Location
Sampling Reach
Boundary
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Steps: Stationary Kick
Place net (window screen on sticks) into water at 70degree incline
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kick streambed for 1 minute over an area of approx. 1 m2
rub rocks in sample area for 1 additional minute
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two people lift net from water, scrape into bucket
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The study design will dictatewhich of the following options
are selected:
preserved or live
laboratory or field picking
Marchant box or spoon sub-sampling
use of a microscope or no use of a microscope taxonomic level desired
specimen archiving or discarding
Sample Processing
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Sample Processing (cont)
Continue to subsample and pick until a
minimum of 100 bugs have been picked
(notemust pick last subsample in its
entirety or no additional bugs are foundduring a 1-3 minute period)
Record amount of sample picked (by
weight or volume)
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Verifying Field Identification
1. Used to ensure correct identification
2. Preserve in 70 % alcohol
3. Identify in lab, record on new form and enter as thesame sample id but you must indicate that it is wasidentified in the lab
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Field Identification
3
4
5
6
7
8
3 4 5 6 7 8
visit 1
CV = 4.46
visit 2
laboratory
Laboratory vs Field Identification
3
4
5
6
7
8
3 4 5 6 7 8
CV = 2.86
Field
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Summary & Interpretation
provides taxa richness from combined sample
comparisons between lab and site
Hilsenhoff index of nutrient enrichment
comparable and robust method for coarse taxonomy
(in fact method differences are not important)
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DESC MNR OBBN TRCA
Sampling Method
Hilsenhoff BI (HBI) - 2004
10
8
6
4
2
0
Methods comparable for both years, similar trend
for other indices
Values increase between years: Year effect
Variances not stat. different: Methods relatively
consistent
DESC MNR TRCA
Sampling Method
Hilsenhoff BI (HBI) - 2003
10
8
6
4
2
0
HilsenhoffBioticInd
ex(HBI)
HilsenhoffBioticInd
ex(HBI)
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Analysis Options
Reference Condition Approach (RCA)
BACI (Before after or upstream/downstream)
Hindcasting (linear regression with deviations from
expected represent impacted sites
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Tips
magnifying glasses are a must
do the sample when it is fresh, keep it cold and
shaded learn body movements (of inverts!)
have lots of high quality forceps and eye droppers
handy
question yourself regularly, its easy to get in a bad
habit!
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More Tips
Know the diagnostic characteristics of key bugs
Send samples to Chris Jones for QA/QC
Collect benthos sample before fish sample(electrofishing) if sampling on same day or electrofish
a minimum of 2 weeks prior to collecting benthos
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Next Steps
evaluate influence of water quality vs. habitat on biota
Developing reference conditions and Biocriteria for
South Central OntarioMOE and CA partnership
developing database for lower level taxonomic
identification
certification process for inverts
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