organizing life’s diversity chapter 17 classification

ORGANIZING LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Chapter 17 Classification

Classification is… A way of grouping

objects together based on similarities

In the beginning---plants were grouped based on people who ate them—

Edible Non-edible

The history of the Tomato-1820 Colonel Robert Gibbon Johnson announced that at noon on September 26, he would eat a basket of tomatoes in front of the Salem NY courthouse—aka “love apple”

Scientists Who Developed Classification

Aristotle: Greek Philosopher

Developed 1st method of classification

Classified into 2 major groups

1. Plants: herbs, shrubs or trees

2. Animals: According to where they lived: land, water or air

Carolus Linnaeus

Methods still used today

Selected physical characteristics based on close relationships of organisms

Plants: based on reproductive structures

Animals: based on evolutionary traits

Carolus Linnaeus

Invented the 2-word naming system to identify species

called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE:

Bi (2) Nomial (name)

Scientific Name:

1. Genus: 1st word: consist of closely related species

2. Species: 2nd word: consist of description of the species.

RULES OF BINOMAL NOMEMCLATURE1. Genus is ALWAYS

capitalized & is 1st

2. Species is ALWAYS lowercase & is 2nd

3. BOTH ARE ITALICIZED OR UNDERLINED!!!

Homo sapiens

Felix tigerus

F. leo

F. domestica

Also, it is confusing when a species has more than one common name.

Scientific & Common NamesScientific & Common Names

Many organisms have common names that can be misleading.

Example: a sea horse is a fish, not a horse.

Common Names

Do not tell you how organisms are related or classified

Can be misleading Confusion can occur

when organisms have more than one name

All newly discovered species are given Latin names because it is no longer used

Taxonomy is…

Taxonomy (tak SAH nuh mee) is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics

Biologists who study taxonomy are called taxonomists

Taxonomists

Is a useful tool – if a child has eaten a mushroom & You do not know whether it is poisonous…

Important to the economy- often discover new sources of lumber, medicines & energy…

Dichotomous Key

Organisms can be identified easily by using a dichotomous key

Animals around the world use the same identification system

A key is made up of sets of numbered statements. Each set deals with a single characteristic of an organism, such as leaf shape or arrangement

Using a dichotomous key to identify money!

How are living things Classified?

Felix tigerus

Order of Taxa

A group of organisms is called a taxon (plural, taxa

The smallest taxon is species. Organisms that look alike and successfully interbreed belong to the same species.

The next largest taxon is a genus—a group of similar species that have similar features and are closely related

Mountain lion

Compare the appearance of a lynx, Lynx rufus, a bobcat, Lynx canadensis, and a mountain lion, Panthera concolor.

Lynx Mountain lion

Bobcat

Taxonomic rankingsTaxonomic rankings

Order of Taxa

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, & Species

Can you remember it this way? King Phillip Came Over For Graduation

Saturday.

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Eukarya

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Carnivora

Felidae

Lynx

Lynx rufus

Lynx canadensis

Bobcat Lynx

Introduction to Classification

6 kingdoms of life

6 Kingdoms of Life

Monerans

The Monerans, are cells that lack a nucleus, are microscopic and unicellular

some are chemosynthetic, where others are photosynthetic.

• Most of these environments are oxygen-free.

2 groups of Monerans

Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Protists

Some are plantlike some are animal-

like Some are fungus-

like

Fungi

Unicellular or multi-cellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment

Plants

contain chloroplasts and have cell walls

There are more than 250,000 known species of plants

Animals Animals are

multicellular heterotrophs

Nearly all are able to move from place to place.

Animal cells do not have cell walls