organization of the upper limb robert s. staron, ph.d. summer anatomy immersion

Organization of theOrganization of theUpper LimbUpper Limb

Robert S. Staron, Ph.D.Robert S. Staron, Ph.D.Summer Anatomy ImmersionSummer Anatomy Immersion

Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed

Gray’s Anatomy 37th ed

Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed

Grant’s Atlas 8th ed

Antr division: flexor comp.

Postr division: ext comp.

Netter’s Atlas of Human Embryology 2002

Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

Anterior

musculocutaneous n.

Humerus

radial n.

UlnaRadius

median n. & ulnar n.

radial n.(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)

5th metacarpal

ulnar n. & median n.

Anterior

Anterior

Posterior

Posterior

Posterior(including a portion of the brachialis m.)

Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb

Origin of Origin of

Limb MusclesLimb Muscles

Dorsal muscle mass forms Dorsal muscle mass forms extensors and supinators in extensors and supinators in upper limb, extensors and upper limb, extensors and abductors in lower limb.abductors in lower limb.

Ventral muscle mass forms Ventral muscle mass forms flexors and pronators in flexors and pronators in upper limb and flexors and upper limb and flexors and adductors in lower limb.adductors in lower limb.

Morphogenesis guided by Morphogenesis guided by CT, not myoblasts CT, not myoblasts

Split into individual Split into individual muscles, cell death involvedmuscles, cell death involved

Carlson l999 Human Embryology Larsen 1993

Hollinshead’s Textbook of Anatomy 5th ed

Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

21.

Rohen/Yokochi Rohen/Yokochi Color Atlas of Color Atlas of Anatomy Anatomy 22ndnd ed ed

Brachial Plexus

Netter’s Atlas 2nd ed

Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed

hand – forearm – arm – shoulder distal proximal

1)1) trapezius m.trapezius m.

2)2) latissimus dorsi m.latissimus dorsi m.

3)3) levator scapulae m.levator scapulae m.

4)4) rhomboideus major rhomboideus major m.m.

5)5) rhomboideus minor rhomboideus minor m.m.

6)6) serratus anterior m.serratus anterior m.

1)1) infraspinatus m.infraspinatus m.

2)2) supraspinatus supraspinatus m.m.

3)3) subscapularis subscapularis m.m.

4)4) teres minor m.teres minor m.

5)5) teres major m.teres major m.

6)6) deltoid m.deltoid m.

Extrinsic shoulder mm.Intrinsic shoulder mm.

Anterior thorax mm.1) pectoralis major and minor mm.

2) subclavius m.

1)1) trapezius m. trapezius m. (spinal accessory n. - CN XI + C3 & C4)(spinal accessory n. - CN XI + C3 & C4)

2)2) latissimus dorsi m. latissimus dorsi m. (thoracodorsal n. - C6, C7, C8)(thoracodorsal n. - C6, C7, C8)

3)3) levator scapulae m. levator scapulae m. (C3 & C4 + dorsal scapular n. - C5)(C3 & C4 + dorsal scapular n. - C5)

4)4) rhomboideus major m. rhomboideus major m. (dorsal scapular n. - C5)(dorsal scapular n. - C5)

5)5) rhomboideus minor m. rhomboideus minor m. (dorsal scapular n. - C5)(dorsal scapular n. - C5)

6)6) serratus anterior m. serratus anterior m. (long thoracic n. - C5, C6, C7)(long thoracic n. - C5, C6, C7)

Extrinsic shoulder mm.

Anterior thorax mm.1) pectoralis major ( C5-T1) & minor (C6-

C8) mm. 2) subclavius m. (n. to subclavius m. - C5, C6)

med/latpect nn.

Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed

Gra

nt’

s A

tlas

8th e

d

Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

Netter’s Atlas 2nd ed

1)1) infraspinatus m. infraspinatus m. (suprascapular n. - C5, C6)(suprascapular n. - C5, C6)

2)2) supraspinatus m. supraspinatus m. (suprascapular n. - C5, C6)(suprascapular n. - C5, C6)

3)3) subscapularis m. subscapularis m. (upper + lower subscapular nn. (upper + lower subscapular nn. - C5, C6)- C5, C6)

4)4) teres minor m. teres minor m. (axillary n. - C5, C6)(axillary n. - C5, C6)

5)5) teres major m. teres major m. (lower subscapular n. - C5, C6)(lower subscapular n. - C5, C6)

6)6) deltoid m. deltoid m. (axillary n. - C5, C6)(axillary n. - C5, C6)

Intrinsic shoulder mm.

Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed

Gra

nt’

s A

tlas

8th e

d

Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

rotator cuff musculature

Netter’s Atlas 2nd ed

Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

Anterior

musculocutaneous n.

Humerus

radial n.

UlnaRadius

median n. & ulnar n.

radial n.(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)

5th metacarpal

ulnar n. & median n.

Anterior

Anterior

Posterior

Posterior

Posterior(including a portion of the brachialis m.)

Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - arm

Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

brachiumbrachium

biceps brachii biceps brachii m.m.

long headlong head

short short headhead

brachialis m.brachialis m. coracobrachialcoracobrachial

is m.is m.

triceps brachii triceps brachii m.m.

lateral lateral headhead

medial medial headhead

long headlong head anconeus m.anconeus m.

antr compartment

postr compartment

musculocutaneous n.

(C5-C7)

Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

biceps brachii m. (C5, C6)

brachialis m. (C5, C6)

coracobrachialis m. (C5-C7)

axillary n. (C5-C6)

radial n. (C5-T1)

Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

deltoid m. (C5, C6)teres minor m. (C5, C6)

triceps brachii m. (C6-C8)anconeus m. (C7, C8)

(brachialis m. C5, C6)

Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

Anterior

musculocutaneous n.

Humerus

radial n.

UlnaRadius

median n. & ulnar n.

radial n.(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)

5th metacarpal

ulnar n. & median n.

Anterior

Anterior

Posterior

Posterior

Posterior(including a portion of the brachialis m.)

Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - forearm

Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

Anterior

musculocutaneous n.

Humerus

radial n.

UlnaRadius

median n. & ulnar n.

radial n.(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)

5th metacarpal

ulnar n. & median n.

Anterior

Anterior

Posterior

Posterior

Posterior(including a portion of the brachialis m.)

Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - forearm

(FCU & ulnar ½ FDP)

Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

antebrachium antebrachium

pronator teres m.pronator teres m. flex. carpi radialis m.flex. carpi radialis m. palmaris longus m.palmaris longus m. flex. carpi ulnaris m.flex. carpi ulnaris m. flex. digit. superf. m.flex. digit. superf. m. flex. digit. profund. m.flex. digit. profund. m. flex. pollicis longus m.flex. pollicis longus m. pronator quadratus m.pronator quadratus m.

brachioradialis m.brachioradialis m. ext. carpi radialis longus ext. carpi radialis longus

m.m. ext. carpi radialis brevis m.ext. carpi radialis brevis m. ext. carpi ulnaris m.ext. carpi ulnaris m. extensor digitorum m.extensor digitorum m. extensor digiti minimi m.extensor digiti minimi m. extensor indicis m.extensor indicis m. abd pollicis longus m.abd pollicis longus m. ext. pollicis longus/brevis ext. pollicis longus/brevis

m.m. supinator m.supinator m.

antr compartment

postr compartment

antebrachium antebrachium

pronator teres m. pronator teres m. (C6, C7)(C6, C7)

flex. carpi radialis m. flex. carpi radialis m. (C6, (C6, C7)C7)

palmaris longus m. palmaris longus m. (C7, C8)(C7, C8)

flex. carpi ulnaris m. flex. carpi ulnaris m. (C7, C8)(C7, C8)

flex. digit. superf. m. flex. digit. superf. m. (C7, C8, (C7, C8, T1)T1)

flex. digit. profund. m. flex. digit. profund. m. (C7, (C7, C8, T1)C8, T1)

flex. pollicis longus m. flex. pollicis longus m. (C8, (C8, T1)T1)

pronator quadratus m. pronator quadratus m. (C8, (C8, T1)T1)

antr compartment (median & ulnar nn.)

antebrachium antebrachium

pronator teres m. pronator teres m. (C6, C7)(C6, C7)

flex. carpi radialis m. flex. carpi radialis m. (C6, (C6, C7)C7)

palmaris longus m. palmaris longus m. (C7, C8)(C7, C8)

flex. carpi ulnaris m. flex. carpi ulnaris m. (C7, C8)(C7, C8)

flex. digit. superf. m. flex. digit. superf. m. (C7, C8, (C7, C8, T1)T1)

flex. digit. flex. digit. profund. m. profund. m. (C7, (C7, C8, T1)C8, T1)

flex. pollicis longus m. flex. pollicis longus m. (C8, (C8, T1)T1)

pronator quadratus m. pronator quadratus m. (C8, (C8, T1)T1)

antr compartment (median & ulnar nn.)

ulnar n. (C7-T1)

Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

flex carpi ulnaris m.

medial ½ FDP

+ 14 intrinsic hand

muscles

median n. (C5-T1)

Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

PT, FCR, PL, FDS, lat ½ FDP, FPL, PQ

+ 5 intrinsic handmuscles

antebrachium antebrachium

brachioradialis m. brachioradialis m. (C5, C6)(C5, C6) ext. carpi radialis longus m. ext. carpi radialis longus m. (C6, C7)(C6, C7) ext. carpi radialis brevis m. ext. carpi radialis brevis m. (C6, C7 or C7, C8)(C6, C7 or C7, C8)

ext. carpi ulnaris m. ext. carpi ulnaris m. (C7, C8)(C7, C8)

extensor digitorum m. extensor digitorum m. (C7, C8)(C7, C8)

extensor digiti minimi m. extensor digiti minimi m. (C7, C8)(C7, C8)

extensor indicis m. extensor indicis m. (C7, C8)(C7, C8)

abd pollicis longus m. abd pollicis longus m. (C7, C8)(C7, C8)

ext. pollicis longus/brevis m. ext. pollicis longus/brevis m. (C7, C8)(C7, C8)

supinator m. supinator m. (C5, C6)(C5, C6)

postr compartment (radial n. C5-T1)

radial n. (C5-T1)

Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

triceps brachii m., anconeus m.

(brachialis m.)

BR, ECRL, ECRB, ED, EDM, supinator, ECU, EI, AbdPL, EPL, EPB

Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 11th ed

Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

Anterior

musculocutaneous n.

Humerus

radial n.

UlnaRadius

median n. & ulnar n.

radial n.(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)

5th metacarpal

ulnar n. & median n.

Anterior

Anterior

Posterior

Posterior

Posterior(including a portion of the brachialis m.)

Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - hand

(FCU & ulnar ½ FDP)

Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

Anterior

musculocutaneous n.

Humerus

radial n.

UlnaRadius

median n. & ulnar n.

radial n.(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)

5th metacarpal

ulnar n. & median n.

Anterior

Anterior

Posterior

Posterior

Posterior(including a portion of the brachialis m.)

Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - hand

(FCU & ulnar ½ FDP)

(thenar mm. & 1st, 2nd lumbricals)

intrinsic hand muscles intrinsic hand muscles (C8, (C8,

T1)T1)

7 interosseii mm. (4 dorsal/3 palmar)7 interosseii mm. (4 dorsal/3 palmar) 4 lumbrical mm. (1, 2, 3, 4)4 lumbrical mm. (1, 2, 3, 4) palmaris brevis m.palmaris brevis m. adductor pollicis m.adductor pollicis m. three thenar mm. (OP, abd.PB, FPB)three thenar mm. (OP, abd.PB, FPB) three hypothenar mm. (ODM, three hypothenar mm. (ODM,

abd.DM, FDMB)abd.DM, FDMB)

intrinsic hand muscles intrinsic hand muscles ((median median & & ulnarulnar nn.) nn.)

7 interosseii mm. (4 dorsal/3 palmar)7 interosseii mm. (4 dorsal/3 palmar) 4 lumbrical mm. (4 lumbrical mm. (11, , 22, 3, 4), 3, 4) palmaris brevis m.palmaris brevis m. adductor pollicis m.adductor pollicis m. three thenar mm. (OP, abd.PB, three thenar mm. (OP, abd.PB,

FPB)FPB) three hypothenar mm. (ODM, abd.DM, three hypothenar mm. (ODM, abd.DM,

FDMB)FDMB)

upper limb -

cutaneous innervation

Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

upper limb –

dermatome pattern

Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed