organic compounds!. “built” around carbon carbon has 4 valence electrons forms: single double...

Organic Compounds!

“Built” around Carbon

• Carbon has 4 valence electrons• Forms: • Single• Double• Triple bonds

Hydrocarbons

• Often times… HUGE molecules. Consisting of carbon and hydrogen. Like:

• Gasoline, might be 25-30 Carbons and lots of Hydrogen ( some other elements too, but mostly C,H)

Allotropes ( types/ forms)

• Diamond – Pyrimidal structure

• Graphite- Sheets

• Coal- Amorphus

BuckyBalls! C60

Carbon Nanotubes

I like Bicycles!!!!!

Triglycerides

• Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

• Let’s draw it like:• (note to self… really cool drawing here!)

Saturated Fat

• The fatty acid is saturated with H

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

• Is missing some H, results in double bonds, and a “kink” in the “tail”

PolyUnsaturated Fatty acid

• Contain many missing H and therefore many double bonds. A very Kinky Tail

Significance of the Fats….

• Saturated Unsaturated PolyUnsaturated

• What are some examples:

• Significance?

Isomer

• An Isomer is a compound that has the same chemical formula but different structural formula

• C6H12O6

• Glucose, Fructose or Galactose

Naming Carbon Compounds

• Based on number of Carbons in the continuous chain. Prefixes are used- denoting the number of carbons. They are:

• 1= meth- 2= eth- 3= prop- 4= but- … pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec-

Classes of Organic compounds

• 1. Alkanes. Have only single bonds lots of H! (end with –ane) General formula is CnH2n+2

Examples:

Cycloalkanes: CnH2n

• 2. Alkenes Have 2 missing H and therefore will have a double bond (end with –ene)

• General formula is CnH2n

• Examples:

• 3. Alkynes have 2 pairs of missing H ( 4H total) (end with – yne)

• General formula is CnH2n-2

• Examples:

Substituents / Functional Groups

• There are 9 major functional groups that change a “simple” molecule into a slightly more complex one. Their names and properties will change.

• We’ll look at 5 of them that we see somewhat often.

Alkyls

• An alkyl is basically an alkane that has lost an H and is attached to a larger molecule

• Examples:

• Other examples: methyl propane, 2-methyl hexane, 3-ethyloctane

Halocarbons

• Halocarbons are basically alkanes that have a halogen.

• CFC’s Chloro Fluoro Carbons• Dichloro Difluro Methane• Destroy Ozone…• Used as refrigerants Freon, etc.

Amines

• Have an amino group- NH2

• Amino Acids:• Methylamine, aminomethane:

• 1,4-diaminobutane:

• 1,5-diaminopentane:

Carboxylic Acids

• Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl group COOH associated with them. (end with –oic acid)

• CH3COOH• Ethanoic acid• Aka acetic acid aka vinegar!

Alcohols

• Alcohols have an OH attached to them (end with –ol) ( or a specific alcohol)

• Methanol , methyl alcohol• Ethanol• Propanol– Isopropanol

• 3- Octanol