ops forum exomars 04.04.2008

1ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

ExoMarsEurope’s Exobiology Lab on MarsThe Most Ambitious ESA Mission Ever

Michael KhanOPS-GFA Mission Analysis SectionFriday, April 4, 2008OPS-G-Forum

2ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Mars – Our Neighbour Planet

3ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Spirit und OpportunityThe History of Water on Mars

4ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

The History of Water on Mars

5ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Previous Mars Missions: Viking

• The first really successful Mars mission

• Two orbiters, two landers

• Arrival 1976, last data received: 1982

• Launch mass 2325 kg each, lander mass 576 kg each

• Viking 1 lander: Chryse, Viking 2 lander: Utopia

Source: NASA

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Spirit und OpportunityViking Landing Sites: Utopia und Chryse

7ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008Source: NASA

8ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Viking 2-Landestelle

Source: NASA

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Spirit und OpportunityESA’s First Mars Orbiter: Mars Express

Source: ESA

10ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

MEX-HRSC: Ice Crater in Far North

Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin

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MEX-HRSC: Reull Vallis

Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin

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MEX-HRSC: Presumed Elysium Pack Ice

Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin

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MEX-HRSC: Hourglass Crater

Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin

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MEX-HRSC: Eos Vallis

Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin

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Spirit und OpportunityMEX-PSF: Water Vapour, Methane (and Formaldehyde)

16ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Surface and Subsurface Composition

Source: ESA

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MEX-Omega: Phyllosilicate Deposits

Source: ESA/IAS

18ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

MER: Spirit and Opportunity

Source: NASA/JPL

19ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Spirit und OpportunityDie Entdeckungen der Rover

Source: NASA/JPL

20ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Spirit und Opportunity

Source: NASA/JPL

21ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Source: NASA/JPL

22ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Landing in May 2008: Phoenix (NASA)

Source: NASA/JPL

23ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

MSL - Coming Soon to a Planet near Yours!

Source: NASA/JPL

24ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Mars Science Laboratory

Source: NASA/JPL

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Where Do We Stand?

• Evidence that Mars surface was extensively covered by water over long periods

• Evidence of sedimentary surface deposits• Extensive ice deposits on and below the

surface• Subsurface liquid water not yet found• Local concentrations of methane and its

decay products coincide with water vapour in atmosphere

26ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

ExoMars Mission Objectives

• Demonstration of European capabilities to target, safely land and operate a spacecraft on the Martian surface

• Search for traces of extant or fossil life on and below the Martian surface by means of a mobile laboratory

• Characterize the geochemical conditions, especially regarding subsurface water

• Improve understanding of Mars environment in preparation of future missions

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Environmental Challenges

• Cold• Thin atmosphere• Dust storms• Radiation

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A Global Dust Storm

29ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

The 2001 Event

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The 2007 Event

31ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Global Dust Storm Season

Exclusion zone assumed for ExoMars

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Technical Challenges

• Precise targeting• Semi-soft landing• Use of vented airbags – a first on Mars• Significant rover autonomy• Deep drill• Extensive science program

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Possible Target Site: Mawrth Vallis (25N, 20E)

Source: Google Mars

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Possible Target Site: Meridiani Terra (5S, 0E)

Source: Google Mars

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Possible Target Site: Jezero Crater (19N, 78E)

Source: Google Mars

36ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

ExoMars Mission OutlineNov./Dec. 2013

Launch with Ariane 5

Mars Transfer

October 2014Mars Orbit Insertion

10 Month Wait in Mars Orbit

September 2015Landing on Mars!

Large Deep Space

Manoeuvre

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2013 Transfer: Baseline

38ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

2016 Transfer: Backup

39ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Mars Orbit Phase

• Wait in eccentric orbit (500 x 96,000 km) until:– Global dust storms season is over– Superior conjunction is over– Late spring in northern hemisphere,

atmosphere warms up• Total waiting time around 10 months• Eclipse avoidance necessary

40ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Deployment and Landing!

• Landing site selected prior to Mars arrival• Landing shall take place

– In morning, with sufficient sunlight– With the Earth sufficiently high over the horizon

• Descent module entry, descent and landing with parachute, rocket stage and vented airbag

• Rover egresses from landing stages• 180-sol rover mission begins • Humboldt payload is deployed

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Descent and Landing Timeline

42ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Rover Egress

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Spacecraft Layout

• The mission comprises several spacecraft– Carrier module– Descent module– Rover (with “Pasteur” payload)– Geophysical and environmental science

package “Humboldt”, deployed from the lander

44ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Carrier and Descent Module

Source: Thales Alenia Space

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Lander Module in Touchdown Configuration

Source: Thales Alenia Space

46ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Touchdown using a Vented Airbag

Source: Thales Alenia Space Italia / Aerosekur

47ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Touchdown using a Vented Airbag

Source: Thales Alenia Space/Aerosekur

48ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Lander Module Pre-Touchdown

Source: Thales Alenia Space

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The ExoMars Rover

Source: Thales Alenia Space

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Some Rover Requirements

• Mass around 200 kg• Autonomous mobility: average 100 m/sol• Drill capability: 2 meters• Minimum surface mission: 180 sols

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ExoMars: Scientific Instruments• Rover Instruments:

– Panoramic: Cameras, Radar, IR Mapper– Contact: Raman-LIBS External, Close-up

Imager, Mössbauer, IR Spectrometer– Analytical: Raman-LIBS Internal, Microscope,

XRD, MOMA, Urey• Humboldt Instruments:

– Geophysics and Environment: Seismometer, electric properties, meteorology, ground-penetrating radar, physical properties, radiation, radio science, dust, humidity, UV, magnetometer

52ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

The ExoMars Rover

Source: Thales Alenia Space

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ExoMars Rover Components: Drill

Source: Thales Alenia Space

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ExoMars Rover Components: Mast

Source: Thales Alenia Space

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ExoMars Rover Components: Arm

Source: Thales Alenia Space

56ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Analytical Experiment Package

Source: Thales Alenia Space

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Finding Life … How?

58ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

ExoMars Measurement Cycle

Source: Thales Alenia Space

59ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

ExoMars Timeline OverviewMOI

60ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

Spirit und OpportunityBlues for a Blue Planet

Source: NASA/JPL

61ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

mars.esa.intwww.esa.int/aurora Michael.Khan@esa.int

Go ExoMars!