open access presentation
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www.idrc.ca
Gideon Emcee Christian
IDRC Research Intern
Open Access Initiative and the Developing World:
Using ICT to Foster Development
www.idrc.ca
“Our mission of disseminating knowledge is
only half complete if the information is not made
widely and readily available to society”
Budapest Open Access Initiative
www.idrc.ca
Open Access
Free availability of research articles or publications on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute or print the articles or publications,… pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. (Budapest Open Access Initiative)
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Nature of Open Access
Free availability on the public Internet
Licensed to use for any legal purpose
Subject only to proper acknowledgment
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Benefits to developing countries
Unrestricted access to knowledge
Speed and reduced cost of distribution
Access to grey literatures from developing world
Expanded opportunity to publish
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JOURNAL/PUBLISHER
FREQUENCY
SUBS. RATE IN 1989
SUBS. RATE IN 1997
SUBS. RATE IN 2002/03
PERCENT INCREASE SINCE 1997 (BASED ON US $ RATES) African Journal of the
Int’l Institute (Edinburgh Uni. Press)
Quarterly
$121
$200
$374
87%
Africa Confidential (Blackwell Publishers)
25 issues/yr
$250
$468
$970*
107%
African Affairs (Oxford University Press)
Quarterly
$65
$65
$230*
253%
African Studies (WitUni. Press, now Taylor & Francis)
2 years
$13
$37
$189
410%
Canadian Journal of African Studies
3 years
Can$55
Can$55
Can$95
72%
Journal of Contemporary African Studies (Carfax, now Taylor & Francis)
2 years
----
$154
$465*
202%
The Rise and Rise of Journal Subscription rates
Note: all subscription rates are institutional rates; * indicates print and online access for rates in 2002/2003
© Hans Zell (2003): "The Rise and Rise of Journal Prices in African Studies,"
www.idrc.ca
Expenditure per pupil (1995) North America, $5150
Europe $4552
Latin America and the Caribbean $444
Sub-Saharan Africa $87
Increase in per capital educational spending 1985 – 1995
North America +66%
Europe +152
Latin America and the Caribbean +110%
Sub-Saharan Africa –5%
Source: Arnove and Torres “Comparative Education: The Dialectic of the Global and the Local”
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Some Open Access Initiatives in Developing
Countries Health Inter Network Access to Research
Initiative (HINARI)
Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA)
Database of African Theses and Dissertations (DATAD)
African Journal On-line (AJOL)
Bioline International
IDRC Digital Library
www.idrc.ca
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Obstacles to Open Access in developing Countries
Poor State of ICT in developing countries
Less than 4 per cent of Africans have Internet access
Broadband penetration is below 1 per cent
70 per cent of all continental traffic goes outside Africa, driving up costs for consumers. The cost of Internet connectivity in Africa, is the highest in the world — some USD 250-300 per month.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
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Other Obstacles
Copyright
Exploitation without compensation
Lack of Awareness and Misconception of Open Access
Research Capacity
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There are many problems, particularly health issues that are crying out for
solutions. These problems will be addressed most effectively where they are
felt most…We know more about these diseases and the seriousness and gravity
of the associated problems. For this reason it is important for us, in developing
countries, to be able to perform science here.
Arunachalam
www.idrc.ca
IDRC supports training and awards programs for Canadians and
developing-country nationals collaborative research between Canadian and
Southern partners linkages with Canadian institutions small grants projects and activities undertaken by
Canadian organizations
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“IDRC will support technical and social innovations that contribute to the
betterment of the social, economic, and environmental conditions of the poor, oppressed, and marginalized people in
countries of the South.”
IDRC Corporate Strategy 2005—2010
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