open access and open source lis-505 introduction to library & information studies march 22, 2010
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Publishers Authority in science, technical and medical fields
Peer Review Bibliographic Control
Electronic journals Access to full-text articles.
Information & SocietyNovember 7, 2007
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Copyright: Historical Origins French Revolution – Did not seek to ensure
individual rights over meanings and truths but instead to ensure their exchange, conflict and social negotiation.
Enhanced role of author used as a pragmatic strategy.
Developed from a Romantic period idea of authorship.
Information & SocietyNovember 7, 2007
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Copyright: Historical Origins
Rise of publication technologies Rise of new industrial elite Forfeiting of rights by authors Berne Convention (Damich, 1990) Economic rights of copyright Property rights Moral rights
Wilkinson, M.A. and Gerolami, N. (2004) The information context of moral rights under the copyright regime. Julien, H. and Thompson, S. eds. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Canadian Association for Information Science. June 2-3, 2004, Winnipeg, MB: Canadian Association for Information Science.
Information & SocietyNovember 7, 2007
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3 Groups in Balance
Creators Publishers Users (institutions e.g. libraries,
schools, etc.)
Information & SocietyNovember 7, 2007
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Copyright: Digital Challenges
Licensing issues
Ownership.
Archival issues
Open Access: Definition (BOAI)
Budapest Open Access Initiative Freely available on the public Internet Can be read, downloaded, copied, distributed, printed,
searched, linked to, or used as data for software by users No technical, legal, or financial barriers other than
access to the Internet “Gold” and “Green” approach
Open Access
New form of scholarly communication Socially responsible, equitable Democratization of knowledge Sharing of research = sharing and building of
knowledge
Concentrated in social and biomedical sciences. Equal or increased citations in Life Sciences,
Engineering, Chemistry, etc. Impact factor of OA journals?
Scholarly Communication System
Creation – Scholars Quality control (i.e. peer review) – Scholars Production – Publishers Distribution – Publishers and libraries Consumption – scholars, students, non-scholars. Infrastructure – universities, governments, granting
institutions, and taxpayers
Open Access Policies (General) Copy of a final manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-
reviewed journal to be deposited into an online repository approved/sanctioned by the granting agency.
Repositories must be stable digital repositories Must provide free public access to the manuscript,
maximum interoperability, provisions for longterm preservation of and access
Free, public availability of manuscripts must be enabled as soon as possible after publication Current time period defining “as soon as possible”
ranging from 0 to 12 months after publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Open Access: Advantages & DisadvantagesADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Equalizes the access to scholarly journals
Initiatives for developing world?
Wider and larger audience Interested? Authors’ wishes?
Facilitated transfer of knowledge Quality control? Standards?
More author control over publication of work
“Author pays” system. Peer Review?
Faster dissemination of research results (e.g. through self-archiving)
Bibliographic control?
Institutional publishing – putting it in local hands
Proper vetting by reputable publishers?
Economic advantage – cheaper to produce
OA costs? Advertising? Long-term availability? Subscriptions? Fair price?
Open Source Software: What is it and Where Did it Come From?
Not Open Access Not shareware or freeware. The source code is always available Evolved out of the hacker culture Named at a meeting in c1998 Completely volunteer Quality control
Open Source Software
“Both a philosophy and a process” (Morgan)
Need for a strong primary developer Need for good communication and a sense of
community Socio-economic aspects of OSS – it is not just a
set of computer programs
Four Freedoms of Free Software (Stallman)
With free software, the individual has the following freedoms:
Freedom to run the program for any purpose
Freedom to modify the program
Freedom to redistribute copies for free or for a fee
Freedom to distribute modified versions of the program
The Concept of “Copyleft”
Program is copyrighted
Distribution terms are added
Code and freedoms become legally inseparable
Open Source: Potential Problems
Lack of computing, human, and managerial resources e.g. on-site computer programmers
Rapidly evolving technologies Maintenance issues Financial concerns Patents
Open Source: Advantages Can offer features not offered by commercial sector Can “take control” of library services and collections
that rely on computer software Solving local problems builds staff expertise OSS not subject to commercial hype so can be more
objectively evaluated Potential to create knowledge rather than just
gathering information
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