on-farm use of faecal sludge example from birendranagar municipality, surkhet national workshop on...
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On-Farm Use of Faecal Sludge
Example from Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet
National Workshop on FSM, March 17, 2015
Nadira Khawaja, WASH Sector Leader
Reuse of Faecal Sludge in Agriculture N, P, K, organic matter
Fertiliser and Soil Conditioner
Why to use
How to use
Challenges
Guidelines
Peak P- Phosphorus is a finite resource
Septage has high volume water and few solids
How to use on farm land safely
Health- pathogens and worm eggs
Social Norms- is it acceptable to reuse FS; smell
Environment- ground water pollution
Cost/affordability/business models
All end products can be used if safety guidelines are respected
Eutrophication- algal growth in water bodies
Faecal Sludge:Emptying and Transport Services
5
• Municipality truck out of service
• Private Sector:
1 service provider with one truck (6000 L capacity)
7-8 trips per week
Charges: 5000 – 6000 NPR
Business expansion: Demand exists for single
provider
Faecal Sludge:Disposal
6
1) Dumping:
Designated landfill site 10 km from town centre- not
used
Dumping in forest area- 6-7 km from town centre
2) Untreated use on farm land (rice)
Farmers pay 300 – 400 NPR per truck
Solution:
Work with farmer groups,
close to the city centre,
to use faecal sludge collected from the city,
apply on crops as fertiliser,
in safe (health and environment) manner,
with benefits to crops.
Barrier 1: Treatment Process
Fermenter Pool Technology (6 m3)
Prepare Mixture of 200L:Molasses (20 kg)Bacterial (EM) solution (20L)WaterBio-pesticide- jeevato (1 L)Store for 1 week in sun
Barrier 1: Treatment Process
Fermenter Pool Technology
Mix solution and sludge.Add ash if available.Cover, leave for 2 weeks.Mix regularly.
Preliminary Results:Reuse in Agriculture
19
• No chemical fertilizer
• No chemical pesticide
• Larger size of potatoes
• Yield the same or more as compared to farmer practices
and chemical fertilizers
• Can use multiple sources of organic matter in fermenter:
Septage, traditional toilets, animal manure, green
manure
Preliminary Results:Social Norms
20
• High acceptance and demand for faecal sludge
• Use of own toilet waste
• Illiterate farmers also can easily understand about
the process of preparing fermented FS as well as
applying in vegetables.
Preliminary Results:Health
21
Pathogen Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 3
E. coli 9 x 104 31 x 103 28 x 103 18 x 103
Helminth Eggs
Hookworm Hookworm, Ascaris
Absent Ascaris
Salmonella sp.
Absent Absent Present Present
Results from treated sludge: significant reduction in pathogens
Results from harvested crops in process
Preliminary Results:Affordability
22
Farmers
• One time investment of 32,000 NPR for fertigation of
1500 m2 land
(6 m3 lined pool, drum, pump/pipes)
• Per cropping season cost of materials: 3,000 to 4,000
NPR (EM, molasses, jeevato, septage)
Desludging tanker
• Reduction in travel cost from 12 km round trip to
dumping ground down to 6 km round trip to farmers
Preliminary Results:Environment
23
• No risk to ground water pollution
• No dumping
• Reuse of phosphorus mineral
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