oil and wildlife conservation in uganda
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8/9/2019 Oil and Wildlife Conservation in Uganda
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“OIL AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION UGANDA.”
PAPER PRESENTED TO REPORTERS FROM THE
ALBERTINE REGION MONDAY APRIL 14TH, 2014
AT AMCEA –
BUNGA.
JOSSY MUHANGI
PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGER
UGANDA WILDLIFE AUTHORITY
Email: jossy.muhangi@ugandawildlife.org
Tel: 0772673131
8/9/2019 Oil and Wildlife Conservation in Uganda
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Outline of presentation
• Brief about UWA
• Brief on oil exploration Vs PAs
• Impacts of oil on the PAs
• Challenges of managing the impacts
• What is UWA doing to minimizeimpacts
• Conclusion
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Uganda Wildlife Authority
• UWA is an institution mandated to managewildlife in Uganda within and outside PAs
• Established in 1996 as merger of Uganda
National Parks and Game Dept.• It is in charge of 10 National Parks and 12
Wildlife Reserves, and provides guidance for
the management of 5 Community WildlifeAreas and 13 Wildlife Sanctuaries.
• PAs cover approx. 11% of Uganda’s land area
8/9/2019 Oil and Wildlife Conservation in Uganda
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Brief on exploration• Uganda started exploring for oil way back in 1926
• Extensive exploration work started in 2001 with the
first discovery made in 2006
• Since then more discoveries have been made with
the total estimates of 3 billion barrels
• In 2008, the National Oil & Gas Policy was
formulated
• The country is now at the stage of developing the
oil fields
- field developments, refinery, pipelines
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Overlap of oil blocks with high biodiversity areas
(national parks, wildlife reserves, forest
reserves etc)
• over 70% of protected areas lie within the
Albertine Graben
• About 50% of wells so far drilled are within
protected areas
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Exploration areas showing thestatus of licensing
3N
1N
EA4B LAKES EDWARD-GEORGE BASIN
•Size 2,021sq.km
•Licensed to Dominion Petroleum Ltd on 27th
July 2007
EA4A LAKES EDWARD-GEORGE BASIN
•Size 3,812sq.km
•Not Licensed
EA3A SEMLIKI BASIN
•Size 1,991sq.km
•First licensed to Heritage Oil and Gas Ltd as
part of EA3 on 15th January 1997
•Re-licensed to Heritage Oil and Gas Ltd and
Energy Africa (now Tullow Oil) on 8 th Sept 2004.
EA2 LAKE ALBERT BASIN
•Size 4,675 sq.km
•Licensed to Hardman Resources Ltd and
Enegy Africa Ltd (now Tullow Oil) on 8 th
October 2001.
EA1 PAKWACH BASIN
•
Size 4,285 sq.km•Licensed to Heritage Oil and Gas Ltd and
Energy Africa (now Tullow Oil) 0n 1st July 2004
EA5 RHINO CAMP BASIN
•Size 6,040sq.km
•Licensed to Neptune Petroleum (U) Ltd ( Now
Tower Resources) on 27th Sept 2005
EA3B SEMLIKI BASIN
• Size 1,786 sq.km
•Includes Turaco Prospect Area
• Not licensed
Lomunga Community Wildlife
area
East Madi Wildlife Reserve Ajai Wildlife Reserve
Karuma Wildlife Reserve
Bugungu Wildlife Reserve
Also numerous Forest Reserves
Kaiso-Tonya Community WA
Kabwoya Wildlife Reserve (EPS)
Toro Semuliki Wildlife Reserve
Kyambura Wildlife Reserve
Kigezi Wildlife Reserve
Murchison Falls National Park
Semuliki National Park
Rwenzori Mountains National ParkKibale National Park
Queen Elisabeth National Park
Some conservation areas inAlbertine Graben
Ramsar site (2006): Murchison
Falls - Albert Delta Wetland
System
UN Biosphere Reserve (1979):
Queen Elisabeth
Murchison Falls NP: Uganda’s
largest protected area. Univers-
ally recognised as one of East
Africa / Africa’s best parks in 60s.
Impressive growth in wildlife last
10-15 years after lawlessness in
70s and 80s. Tourism growing.
Kabwoya WR: New protected
area in Uganda (2002) with rapid
growth in wildlife and
reintroductions of locally extinct
species. Area famous in 60s forlarge migrations between
Murchison and Semuliki.
Queen Elisabeth NP: Uganda’s
most popular and accessible
park. Wildlife and tourism
growing (ref. Murchison).
Some indications of current
status re. petroleum
exploration and exploitation.
EA5: Was licenced to
Neptune. 3 Wells were
drilled , but were all dry.
Murchison FNP: Licenced to
TOTAL
over 30 wells drilled in prime
tourism area., described as
world class oil province
Kabwoya WR: Licensed toTullow. over 8 wells drilled.
More will be drilled for
production
Kingfisher area: 3 wells
drilled. Field ready for
production
Semuliki . Licensed to CNOOC
Seismics and test drilling done
some sites. Findings not interest-
ing enough.
Queen Elisabeth NP &
Kigezi WR: Was licenced
to Dominion. one welldrilled and was dry.
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Impacts on biodiversity
• Movement of large numbers of exploration
crews and heavy logistical equipment
– opens up virgin areas as well as destroys the habitat
– result in non-target killing of wildlife, disruption,
disturbance and scare of wildlife, blockage and
interference with animal migration routes and
patterns – interfere with animal breeding patterns like kob
lekking grounds
– Some animals are very sensitive to earth vibrations
e.g Elephants
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Giraffe close to a drill site
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Seismic surveys – laying of Geo-phones along cut lines
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Increased traffic
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Noise and vibrations
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Waste management –drill cuttings
Generation of
sewage, waste
water and
garbage andtheir associated
pressures on
the environment
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Drill waste Consolidation pits
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Waste management
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Road kills
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Excess land take during road construction
Bare area in the wild
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Visual intrusion and negative impact of
infrastructure on tourism e.g In MFNP
one of the most popular circuits had to
be closed to tourists for about 3 months
during the initial drilling
Negative publicity – reduced number of
visitors and therefore reduced revenue
in the long term Oil drilling sites are areas of intensive
human presence (bee-hive like) with up
to 100 people during operations
Impacts of oil activities on tourism
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• Chemicals used during drilling could find their
way into surface and ground which may cause
death of animals
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Un restored well site with porous
fence at Karuka 2 in Bugungu WR
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Dead lioness at Jobi East 2
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Challenges of managing the impacts
• Co-existence of tourism and oil activities
– Tourism is the main source of income for wildlifemanagement
– Anything that interferes with tourism thereforeinterferes with wildlife management
– So far Tourist arrivals in the parks has been increasingsteadily
– Tourists are interested in pristine nature of the PAsThe challenge is for UWA to ensure that these
activities are done with minimal impacts to tourism
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Challenges (2)
• Impacts that cannot be mitigated
– Habitat destruction
– Interference with animal behavior
– Interference with breeding patterns
• The challenge has been to have oil companies
offset these impacts
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Challenges (2)
• Inadequate capacity
– Institutional capacity
• Government concentrated training on energy sector
specifically Petroleum Exploration & ProductionDepartment and environmental sector left behind
• Experts in environmental assessment still lacking
• staff have limited training in oil related activities yet are
expected to monitor the activity in regulatory agencies
• Staff numbers- high demand on the staff to monitor
• Equipments – to monitor oil activities
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UWA Staff attempting to put off fire manually near
an oil well head
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Pipes burnt in QENP
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Challenges (3)
Limited financial resources (activities imposed
on us because of oil exploration)
– monitoring compliance,
– Additional ecosystem monitoring,
– re-planning and re-zoning the park
– New infrastructure e.g. new tourism trails,
accommodation facilities as alternatives
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WHAT IS UWA DOING
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Compliance monitoring
• Review all EIAs of oil developments in the PAsand ensure activities have minimal impacts onthe PAs
• Carry out compliance monitoring on a daily basis.
The headquarter staff give backstopping to fieldstaff on a quarterly basis
• Have designated dedicated staff to undertakecompliance monitoring
• Recruited 100 rangers to work with oil companies
• Have a warden based in the field in charge of oilmonitoring
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Capacity building
Undertaking building of capacity through staff
training and study visits
– Over 50 rangers and wardens trained on
basic facts regarding oil impacts
– Planning another round of similar training
– Senior staff of the organization have under
taken study tours to outside countries e.gCanada and Gabon to get experience
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Capacity building for UWA staff
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Planning to establish and fully equip Field
monitoring Units for Petroleum activities in
Murchison NP, Toro Semliki WR and Queen
Elizabeth National Park Recruiting staff
Building accommodation and office
Basic lab and lab equipment
Other equipment – vehicles, computers, cameras,
GPS
Create a unit at headquarter in charge of oil and gas
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Developing monitoring tools
• Developed operational guidelines for oil companies operating in
PAs (draft) – To minimize long and short - term negative impacts of oil and
gas developments on the integrity of protected areas andassociated ecological processes.
• Developed an MoU between UWA and TOTAL for operations inMFNP
• Developing a sensitivity atlas for MFNP
• Reviewing the GMPs of some key PAs to take into account oilimpacts
- Looking at alternatives for tourism where applicable (newtourism trails and circuits)
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Research
• Working with WCS to carry out research on impacts ofoil on animal movement e.g collaring of animals,
• Working with oil companies in carrying outbiodiversity surveys e.g ground surveys of birds,
mammals, and fish
• Working with oil companies in generating informationon avoidance features
• Worked with WWF to carry out a survey on impact ofoil on tourism
• Working with companies in sensitizing and updatingthe tourism stakeholders on oil activities in the parks
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National level
• Working with the environment technical
monitoring committee (NEMA, Water, NFA,
PEPD, Fisheries, Wetlands) to ensure
compliance
• Participated in preparing the Strategic
Environmental Assessment (SEA)
• Participated in developing the Sensitivity atlas
for the Albertine Graben
• Albertine Graben Monitoring Plan
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Other interventions• Provide information on park rules to oil
workers• Advocating for use of appropriate
technologies to reduce impacts (directional
drilling, smaller rigs)• No waste in the park
• No flaring in the park
• All infrastructure should be out of the parkincluding worker’s camps
• Minimise number of workers on the drill site
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Conclusions
• Having successfully explored, Government is nowentering into the development phase.
• This phase is inevitably going to increase the
negative impacts on the protected areas andpossibly tourism.
• If the country has to benefit from both resources,
the two have to sustainably coexist.• UWA’s duty therefore is working closely with all
partners to ensure this co-existence more so
given the fact that oil is a finite resource.
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Conclusions
• I thank the organizers, the Directors of Africa Centre
for Media Excellence for according UWA an
opportunity to interact and share with senior
editors from the media who are the gate keepers
who determine what the public consumes in the
media.
• I appreciate the media organizations for the growing
interest in conservation and eco-tourism issues byallocating dedicated pages and air space in the
various outlets thereby creating more interest from
other stake holders and consumers of our products.
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Conclusions
• I commend the media for helping UWA topromote new innovations like technologies
including the new payment system using the
Wildlife cards to access our parks
• I applaud the editors for always readily availing
reporters to cover our functions and events evenon short notice.
8/9/2019 Oil and Wildlife Conservation in Uganda
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Conclusions
• As the channels of mass communication upon
which the society looks for informative and
educative information which most people take as
divine truth, I urge you as key partners and stake
holders to work to promote the cause ofconservation and the importance tourism plays as
an engine of economic growth.
• UWA is always ready to provide timely and accurateinformation in regard to Wildlife conservation and
tourism matters particularly to the media personnel
as well as sharing with you our success stories.
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Conclusions
• Do not hesitate to cross check with us any
information from the social media or other sourcessince we run an open door policy at UWA.
Together we conserve for Generations
Thank you very much for your
kind attention
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