oclc research oclc online computer library center days of future past techconnections 7 13 june 2006...

OCLC ResearchOCLC Online Computer Library Center

Days of Future Past

TechConnections 713 June 2006Dublin, OH

Eric ChildressOCLC Research

OCLC ResearchOCLC Online Computer Library Center

Outline

Big Picture Libraryscape Selected Work

FRBR Loosely-coupled applications Ajax

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Big Picture

“You look around you.Things they astound you.”

Dawn: Dawn Is A feeling – The Moody Blues

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Pattern Recognition Portable

Info devices, Net everywhere Personalized

My way, Right now Public

Sharing & Surfacing Property

Permission-needed vs. Permission-granted Pluggable

Think small, Play nice

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Data Rules Deep indexing:

Amazon’s “Search Inside” and “Statistically Improbable Phrases”

Google, Yahoo, Microsoft underwriting library digitization work Library space: NetLibrary & many others indexing content Custom search feeds: Google Alerts, News topic RSS, etc.

Recommendation systems: Amazon, Apple iTunes, other retailers – “people like you

chose…” Novel concepts: Pandora – suggests music based on intrinsic

patterns of music you like (the “music genome”)

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Techscape Web 2.0:

The Network spans all attached devices (e.g., iPods, phones, etc.)

Software resides on the Net, not the workstation “Participative Net” – social environment, shared content

reused System refactoring

Modularity (micro-services, remixing, multiple sources) Layering (loosely-coupled systems) Interoperability (low-friction, high reuse)

Lightweight protocols gaining favor (e.g., SRW/SRU, microformats) Machine-oriented services (web services)

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Libraryscape

“Yesterday's dreams,Are tomorrow's sighs.”

The Morning: Another Morning – The Moody Blues

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Libraries - next phase Surfacing seamlessly

Point-of-need delivery (e.g., library content in non-library apps such as the Web, course management systems, etc.)

Open WorldCat, RedLightGreen, OAIster, etc.

Open standards, easy integration of data from many sources Re-thinking, re-engineering

Library 2.0 changes systems & services Moving towards “Lego”-like modularity in systems & data User-tasks-oriented designs (e.g., NCSU catalog) Adding means for users to contribute, shape their own experiences

Supporting Library 2.0 will mean changing organizations & operations More building space for people-to-people interaction, less for books Process & operational changes

Example: Choose-acquire-catalog vs. Acquire-choose-catalog

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Robin Murray [ppt]

Synthesize - to combine often diverse conceptions into a coherent whole.Synthesize

Mobilize

Specialize - involve specific knowledge in order to serve a particular purpose; to apply or direct to specific end or use.

Specialize

Mobilize - to put into action

Workplace applications - points of need

• Local service• Local added value• Local context• Local knowledge

Library Systems

Atomic Library Services Atomic ‘non-Library’ Services

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Visioning activities anew

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Selected Work

“Dawn is a feeling.”

Dawn: Dawn Is A feeling – The Moody Blues

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Technology to watch

Model: FRBR (Functional Requirements of Bibliographic

Records)

Approach: Loosely-coupled applications AJAX

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“The FRBR model is revolutionary. The (computer) catalogue is not seen as a sequence of bibliographic records and a replica of the traditional card catalogue, but rather as a network of connected data, enabling the user to perform seamlessly all the necessary functions.”

-Dr. Maja Žumer. National and University Library, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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FRBR basics FRBR = Functional Requirements for Bibliographic

Records Developed by cataloging experts working under the

auspices of IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions)

FRBR is from a document issued by IFLA: Functional Requirements For Bibliographic Records:

Final Report (1998) FRBR is a conceptual model (not a standard!)

FRBR systematically models the bibliographic universe

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Work

Expression

Is realized through

Is exemplified by

Item

ManifestationIs embodied in

A distinct intellectual or artistic creation

The intellectual or artistic realization of a work

The physical embodiment of an expression

A single exemplar of a manifestation

FRBR Group 1 Entities

OCLC ResearchOCLC Online Computer Library CenterOCLC FRBR work set algorithm-

based cluster of related WorldCat records

Original English Translation

Illustratededition

Abridgededition

Adaptation

Expressions

Work¹ Work²

e¹ e² e³ e¹

Works with 1 manifestation:87%

Works withbetween 2 and 5 manifestations:

12% Works with > 5 manifestations:1%

Works with 1 manifestation:43% of total holdings

Works withbetween 2 and 5 manifestations:

40% of total holdings

Works with > 5 manifestations:17% of total holdings

Manifestations

By Holdings

Works in

WorldCat

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Sample FRBR implementations

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xISBNOCLC Research prototypeReveals all ISBNs associated with individual works in WorldCatWeb service:

URL syntax query (submit an ISBN)

Simple XML response (all ISBNs in workset)

Ex: Dune http://labs.oclc.org/xisbn/0441172717

Users: Various, loosely-coupled

look-it-up applications Copyright Clearance

CenterOCLC Research team:

Thom Hickey (lead) Jenny Toves Jeff Young

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FictionFinder

OCLC Research prototypeSupports searching & browsing of fiction materials cataloged in WorldCat

Fiction records — 2.8 million Unique works — 1.4 million Total holdings — 130 million

Employs FRBR to: Build a “work” view & cluster

related records Support the creation of

special indexes

OCLC Research team: Diane Vizine-Goetz (lead) Roger Thompson Carol Hickey J.D. Shipengrover

New version: Available later in 2006 Improved navigation & work-

based displays

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Sample loosely-coupled application

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Terminology Services Project

OCLC Research prototypeExplores Semantic Web value of vocabularies

Enriched versions of controlled vocabularies & classification schemes

Multiple formats (MARCXML, SKOS, Zthes)

Machine-friendly (e.g., web services)

Nascent work on vocabulary identifier issues

Product version out mid-2006 OCLC Research team:

Diane Vizine-Goetz (lead) Carol Hickey Andrew Houghton Tram Nguyen-Pham Roger Thompson

TerminologyServices

Architecture

Web ServiceProxy

SRW/U REST SOAP

BrowserSidebar

Metadata Editing Application

•Registration•Query handling•Markup translation•Authorization/Authentication

Mic

roso

ft O

ffice

Res

earc

h Pa

ne

Full Text SQL XML

1

2

3

Storage Technology Layer

Application Protocol Layer

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Sample AJAX implementation

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AjaxStands in for “Asynchronous JavaScript+CSS+DOM+XMLHttpRequest”Eliminates the start-stop-start-stop nature of interaction on the Web by introducing an intermediary — an Ajax engine — between the user and the serverBeing used extensively by Google, adopted by others

Technolgies used together:standards-based presentation using XHTML and CSSdynamic display and interaction using the Document Object Modeldata interchange and manipulation using XML and XSLTasynchronous data retrieval using XMLHttpRequestand JavaScript binding everything together.

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Ajax

“Ajax: A New Approach to Web Applications” / Jesse James Garrett

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Live Search

OCLC Research prototypeFeatures:

Quick searches target with each additional keystroke of search term/phrase

Retrieves ordered, FRBR-inspired results (combined with holdings-based ranking)

Narrow-by Dewey attributes (expressed as captions)

OCLC Research Team: Thom Hickey (lead) Jenny Toves Ralph LeVan

Files being prototyped: Phoenix Public+DDC LCSH

Narrow by natural facets (“categories”) of any given result set

item data drawn from Phoenix Public’s OPAC

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Further reading

OCLC Reports http://www.oclc.org/reports

OCLC Research http://www.oclc.org/research

OCLC-related blogs: Lorcan Dempsey http://orweblog.oclc.org Thom Hickey http://outgoing.typepad.com/outgoing Stu Weibel http://weibel-lines.typepad.com It’s All Good http://scanblog.blogspot.com