ocean life “producers” g.burgess 2009.. plankton types: –zooplankton –phytoplankon plankton,
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Plankton
• Types:– Zooplankton– Phytoplankon
Plankton, http://askville.amazon.com/microbes-glow-night-surface-ocean-waters-bioluminescent-plankton/AnswerDetails.do?requestId=7468874&responseId=7469029, accessed Dec.1, 2009.
Zooplankton
• Animal-like single celled creatures• Plankton is classified by size, and
life cycle• Single celled for life: holoplankton• Single celled for larvae:
meroplankton• Smallest are protozoans• Larvae (egg size) are microplankton• Larger are macroplankton• Largest (jelly fish) are
megaplankton
Comb jellyfish, http://i.livescience.com/images/ig46_sea_Comb_Jelly_02.jpg, accessed Dec.1, 2009
Copepoda. http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/open-ocean, accessed Dec.1, 2009.
Phytoplankton
• Single celled algae– Diatoms: yellow-green with
intricate shell• Elongated: pleurosigma• Wheel shaped: coscinodiscus
– Dinoflagellates: have two flagella for moving
• Chaetocerus: have setae for joining other chaetocera to form chains or sheets of colonies
• These are the major producers of the ocean– They perform photosynthesis to
convert the sun’s energy to simple sugars
Phytoplankton, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phytoplankton_Lake_Chuzenji.jpg, accessed Ddec.1, 2009.
Algae
• Present along the coastlines/ inshore regions
• Not found in open ocean
• Multicellular Producer: base organism on food chain.
• Types: green/red/brown
Green algae
• Have lots of chlorophyll: photosynthesis
• Most abundant in freshwater but some salt water
• Found in intertidal zone where light is plentiful
• adaptations for surviving with out water when tide is out;– Sea lettuce: dries out during low
tide, yet stays alive– Cladophora: grow filaments to trap
sand and water during low tide
Sea Lettuce. Sea Weeds of Alaska, http://www.seaweedsofalaska.com/species.asp?SeaweedID=, accessed Dec.1, 2009.
Red Algae
• are algae that are able to grow at slightly greater depths
• all contain phycoerythrin, a pigment that absorbs blue light and is what alows the greater depth
• adaptations:– Coraline red algae: calcified
sections that give protection from pounding waves in surf.
– Pepper dulce: makes chemicals so that it is bitter to herbivores
Coraline red algae, monterey bay aquarium, http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx?id=780025, accessed Dec.1, 2009.
Brown algae
• all brown algae contain fucoxanthin (brown pigment)
• adaptations:– Rock weed: tolerates
drying out and has air bladders for keeping it afloat
– Kelp: holdfast for holding onto rocks in waves
Rockweed, Taxonomy, http://www.williamsclass.com/SixthScienceWork/Classification/ClassificationNotes/ClassificationNotes.htm, accessed Dec.1, 2009.
Flowering Plants
• Flowering plants were once terrestrial (on land)• All flowering plants have roots, stem/ trunk,
leaves, flowers• All require near direct sunlight• Adaptations:
– Mangrove trees: • specialized cells that regulate the flow of water and salt into
the plant• Prop roots keep the tree up right in soft muddy bottoms
– Sea grasses:• Cells are able to excrete excess salt
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