nutrition & metabolism
Post on 24-Feb-2016
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NUTRITION & METABOLISM
Just the basics…
What 2 things do we use nutrients for?
1st Stop: The Liver
• Blood that has just picked up nutrients from the small intestine flows first to the liver (via the “hepatic portal vein”). Why?
• The liver
Fuel ‘er up!
• In cells, ______ are burned first
• If lacking, _____ are burned
• If carbs & fats are lacking (as in starvation, anorexia, or bulimia), ______ are burned
Cellular Respiration
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration
Blood Sugar (Glucose) Balance
• Excess glucose is stored in ________ & ________cells as carbohydrates (glycogen), which can then be converted back into glucose when needed.
• This balance is regulated by two hormones produced in the pancreas: _________& ___________
“Carb. Loading”• By resting muscles and
eating lots of carbs 2-3 days before an endurance event, you can get your muscles to store almost twice as much glycogen as usual, which then allows them to sustain endurance exercise up to 50% longer.
Essential vs. Nonessential Amino Acids
• Proteins (polymers) are made up of 20 different __________________.
• Essential amino acids are
• Nonessential can be missing from your diet because
Essential vs. NonessentialAmino Acids
So what are vitamins for then?
• Vitamins (organic) and minerals (inorganic) help _________ do their job of breaking down and building molecules.
• Too low or too high a concentration of vitamins can be dangerous. A well-balanced diet is the best way to stay healthy.
You gotta regulate…• (Dietary) Fiber is the
indigestible parts of plants
• It coats• Helps to• Helps to • Good for (since it never turns to
fat)
Metabolic Rate• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
• Total Metabolic Rate (TMR)
• If you consume fewer calories than your TMR, you lose weight; if you consume more calories that your TMR, you gain weight. [A calorie is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise 1g of water 1 degree C.]
Metabolic & Eating Disorders• Anorexia:
• Bulimia:
• Obesity:
• Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM):
Kwashiorkor: enough calories but not enough protein
• Causes
• Causes
• Ascites results from deficiency of plasma proteins-changes osmotic balance of blood thus promotes osmosis of H2O from blood to peritoneal space
Marasmus
• Results from
• Progressive wasting of
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