nuclear fission. a large (heavy) nucleus nuclear fission a large (heavy) nucleus breaks into two...

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear FissionA large (heavy) nucleus

Nuclear FissionA large (heavy) nucleus breaks into two smaller nuclei (of intermediate size)

Nuclear FissionA large (heavy) nucleus breaks into two smaller nuclei (of intermediate size) and gives off one or more neutrons.

Nuclear FissionA large (heavy) nucleus breaks into two smaller nuclei (of intermediate size) and gives off one or more neutrons.This process also releases a large amount of energy.

23592U

The parent nucleus most commonly used for nuclear fission is Uranium–235

23592U

The parent nucleus most commonly used for nuclear fission is Uranium–235

92 protons(235-92) = 143 neutrons

23592U

The parent nucleus most commonly used for nuclear fission is Uranium–235

92 protons(235-92) = 143 neutrons

23592U

The parent nucleus most commonly used for nuclear fission is Uranium–235

92 protons(235-92) = 143 neutrons

neutron

23592U

23692U

Unstable

23692U

Unstable

9236 Kr

Krypton–92

9236 Kr

14156 Ba

Barium–141

9236 Kr

14156 Ba

n

n

n

Neutron

Neutron

Neutron

9236 Kr

14156 Ba

n

n

n

Energy

Energy

Energy

Energy

Energy

Energy

Energy

Energy

1 236 141 92 10 92 56 36 0

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

23592 n U Ba Kr 3 n energy

U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

U

235 236 141 92 192 92 56 36 0

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

10U U Ba Kr 3 n energy

U n Ba Kr 3 n energ

n

y

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36

2362

0

9U n Ba Kr 3 n eneU rgy

U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36

2362

0

9U n Ba Kr 3 n eneU rgy

U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

unstable

235 1 236 92 192 0 92 36 0

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 3

14

6

16

0

5U n U Kr 3 n energy

U n Ba

B

Kr 3 n energ

a

y

235 1 236 141 192 0 92 56 0

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

9236U n U Ba 3 n energy

U n Ba Kr 3 n en

K

g

r

er y

235 1 236 141 9292 0 92 56 36

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

10U n U Ba Kr energy

U n Ba Kr 3 n ene g

3

r

n

y

235 1 236 141 92 192 0 92 56 36 0

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

eneU n U Ba Kr 3 n

U n Ba Kr

r

3 n energ

gy

y

235 1 236 141 92 192 0 92 56 36 0

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

eneU n U Ba Kr 3 n

U n Ba Kr

r

3 n energ

gy

y

heat gamma rays

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36

2362

0

9U n Ba Kr 3 n eneU rgy

U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

23692

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

0

U n Ba Kr 3 n eneU

U n Ba Kr 3 n ene gy

gy

r

r

23692

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

0

U n Ba Kr 3 n eneU

U n Ba Kr 3 n ene gy

gy

r

r

235 236 141 9292 92 56 36

235 141 92 192 56 3

1 10 0

10 6 0

U U Ba Kr energy

U Ba Kr 3 n en

n 3 n

n ergy

Slow neutron

235 236 141 9292 92 56 36

235 1 141 9292 0 56 3

1 10

16

0

0

U U Ba Kr energy

U n Ba Kr energy

n 3 n

3 n

Fast neutron

s

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

235 1 141 92 156 36

2369

92 0 0

2U n Ba Kr 3 n eneU rgy

U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Total charge on Left = 92

23692

56 36

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

235 1 141 920 0

192

U n Ba Kr 3 n eneU rgy

U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Total charge on Left = 92

Total charge on right= 56 + 36 + 3(0) = 92

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

141 92 192 0 56 36

23692

2350

1

U n Ba Kr 3 n eneU rgy

U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Total mass on left = 235 +1

= 236

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0

235 192 0 56 36

23692

141 20

9 1

U n Ba Kr 3 n eneU rgy

U n Ba Kr n ene3 rgy

Total mass on right= 141 + 92 + 3(1)

= 236

Total mass on left = 235 +1

= 236

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Many other fission reactions are possible for uranium–235

Many of these fission products are highly radioactive and undergo beta and gamma decay.

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Many other fission reactions are possible for uranium–235

Many of these fission products are highly radioactive and undergo beta and gamma decay. Three particularly dangerous products are:

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Many other fission reactions are possible for uranium–235

Many of these fission products are highly radioactive and undergo beta and gamma decay. Three particularly dangerous products are:

Cesium–137 ( )

Strontium–90 ( )

Iodine–131 ( )

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Many other fission reactions are possible for uranium–235

13153I

9038Sr

13755Cs

Many of these fission products are highly radioactive and undergo beta and gamma decay. Three particularly dangerous products are:

Cesium–137 ( )

Strontium–90 ( )

Iodine–131 ( )

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Many other fission reactions are possible for uranium–235

13153I

9038Sr

13755Cs

Many of these fission products are highly radioactive and undergo beta and gamma decay. Three particularly dangerous products are:

Cesium–137 ( )

Strontium–90 ( )

Iodine–131 ( )

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Many other fission reactions are possible for uranium–235

13153I

9038Sr

13755Cs

Many of these fission products are highly radioactive and undergo beta and gamma decay. Three particularly dangerous products are:

Cesium–137 ( ) half-life 30 years, enters the body like

K.

Strontium–90 ( )

Iodine–131 ( )

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Many other fission reactions are possible for uranium–235

13153I

9038Sr

13755Cs

Many of these fission products are highly radioactive and undergo beta and gamma decay. Three particularly dangerous products are:

Cesium–137 ( ) half-life 30 years, enters the body like

K.

Strontium–90 ( ) half-life 30 years, stored in bones like

Ca

Iodine–131 ( )

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Many other fission reactions are possible for uranium–235

13153I

9038Sr

13755Cs

Many of these fission products are highly radioactive and undergo beta and gamma decay. Three particularly dangerous products are:

Cesium–137 ( ) half-life 30 years, enters the body like

K.

Strontium–90 ( ) half-life 30 years, stored in bones like

Ca

Iodine–131 ( ) half-life 8 days, absorbed by thyroid

gland.

235 1 141 92 192 0 56 36 0U n Ba Kr 3 n energy

Many other fission reactions are possible for uranium–235

13153I

9038Sr

13755Cs

Finding a Missing Fission

Product

Finding a Missing Fission Product

235 1 143 90 192 0 54 38 0U n Xe Sr 3 n

?

Finding a Missing Fission Product

235 1 143 90 1592 0 4 38 0U n Xe Sr 3 n

Total charge on Left = 92

Finding a Missing Fission Product

54 3235 1 143 90 1

92 0 8 0U n Xe Sr 3 n

Total charge on Left = 92

Total charge on right= 56 + 36 + 3(0) =

92

Finding a Missing Fission Product

54 3235 1 143 90 1

92 0 08U n Xe Sr 3 n

Total charge on Left = 92

Total charge on right= 54 + 36 + 3(0) =

92

Finding a Missing Fission Product

235 1 143 90 192 0 54 38 0U n Xe Sr 3 n

Total charge on Left = 92

Total charge on right= 54 + 36 + 3(0) =

92

Finding a Missing Fission Product

235 1 143 90 192 0 54 3 08U n Xe Sr 3 n

Total charge on Left = 92

Total charge on right= 54 + 36 + 3(0) =

9292-54

Finding a Missing Fission Product

235 1 143 90 192 0 54 3 08U n Xe Sr 3 n

Total charge on Left = 92

Total charge on right= 54 + 38 + 3(0) =

9292-54

Finding a Missing Fission Product

235 1 143 90 192 0 54 3 08U n Xe Sr 3 n

Total charge on Left = 92

Total charge on right= 54 + 38 + 3(0) =

92

Finding a Missing Fission Product

235 1 143 90 192 0 54 38 0U n Xe S 3 nr

Total charge on Left = 92

Total charge on right= 54 + 38 + 3(0) =

92

235 1 143 90 192 0 54 38 0U n Xe Sr 3 n

Finding a Missing Fission Product

143 90 192 0 55

4 323 1

8 0U n Xe Sr 3 n

Finding a Missing Fission ProductTotal mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

235 1 143 90 192 0 54 38 0U n Xe Sr 3 n

Finding a Missing Fission ProductTotal mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 143 + 90 + 3(1) = 236

235 1 90 192 0 5

1434 38 0U n Xe Sr 3 n

Finding a Missing Fission ProductTotal mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 143 + 90 + 3(1) = 236

235 1 143 9092 0 5 38 0

14U n Xe Sr 3 n

Finding a Missing Fission ProductTotal mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 143 + 90 + 3(1) = 236

235 1 143 9092 0 5 38 0

14U n Xe Sr 3 n

Finding a Missing Fission ProductTotal mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 143 + 90 + 3(1) = 236

235 1 143 90 192 0 54 38 0U n Xe Sr 3 n

Finding a Missing Fission ProductTotal mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 143 + 90 + 3(1) = 236

235 1 143 90 192 0 54 38 0U n Xe Sr 3 n

Finding a Missing Fission ProductTotal mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 143 + 90 + 3(1) = 236

235 1 143 192 0 5

93 00

4 8U n Xe Sr 3 n

Finding a Missing Fission ProductTotal mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 143 + 90 + 3(1) = 236

235 1 143 192 0 5

93 0084U n Xe S 3 nr

Finding a Missing Fission Product

The Missing Fission Product

Finding the Number of NeutronsGiven Off

137 97 152

235 14 092 0 0Te Zn 2 nU n

137 9752

235 1 192 0 040Te U n 2 n Zn

235 1 137 97 192 0 52 40 0U n Te Zn 2 n ?

137 97 192 0 55

2 423 1

0 0U n Te Zn 2 n ?

Total mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

235 1 137 97 192 0 52 40 0U n Te Zn 2 n ?

Total mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 137 + 97 + 2(1) = 236

235 1 97 192 0 5

1372 40 0U n Te Zn 2 n ?

Total mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 137 + 97 + 2(1) = 236

235 1 137 192 0 5

94 07

2 0U n Te Zn 2 n ?

Total mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 137 + 97 + 2(1) = 236

235 1 137 9792 0 5 40 0

12U n Te Zn 2 n ?

Total mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 137 + 97 + 2(1) = 236

234

235 1 137 9792 0 5 40 0

12U n Te Zn 2 n ?

Total mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 137 + 97 + 2(1) = 236

235 1 137 9792 0 5 40 0

12U n Te Zn 2 n ?

Total mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 137 + 97 + 2(1) = 236

235 1 137 97 192 0 52 40 0U n Te Zn 2 n

Total mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 137 + 97 + 2(1) = 236

235 192 0 5

137 97 12 40 0U n Te Zn 2 n

Total mass on left= 235 + 1 = 236

Total mass on right= 137 + 97 + 2(1) = 236

235 1 137 97 192 0 52 40 0U n Te Zn 2 n