nrldc, new delhi dated : 11 th march, 2004
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PRESENTATION ON
FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION
TO THE OFFICERS OF
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED
NRLDC, NEW DELHIDated : 11th March, 2004
PRESENTATION ORGANISATION
•GRID OPERATION AND CONTROL
•STIPULATIONS IN IEGC ABOUT FGMO
•COMMERCIAL MECHANISEM
•FGMO – A CASE STUDY IN NORTHERN REGION
•LIMITATIONS – AS EXPRESSED BY GENRATORS
GRID OPERATION
AND
CONTROL
Indian Power Grid – its Evolution• Phenomenal expansion since Independence
Generation : 1349 MW 105,800 MW (in 1947) (in 2003)
Grid :Local grid – at the time of Independence.
State Grids – emerged in 1960s.
Regional Grids – in 1970s.
Five Regional Grids – Northern, Western, Southern,
Eastern & North-eastern
National Grid – All Five Regions Interconnected (2002)
Load Curves of Northern Region for Typical Summer & Winter Season
16000
17000
18000
19000
20000
21000
22000
23000
24000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hours
MW
Summer Summer high hydro Winter
STIPULATIONS IN REGARD TO
FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION (FGMO)
AS STATED
IN
INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE(IEGC)
EXTRACTS FROM INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE
Section 6.2(e)“ All generating units which are synchronized with
the grid, irrespective of their ownership, type and size, shall have their governors in normal operation at all times. If any generating unit of over fifty (50) MW size (10 MW for North Eastern region) is required to be operated without its governor in normal operation, the RLDC shall be immediately advised about the reason and duration of such operation. All governors shall have a droop of between 3% and 6%.”
EXTRACTS FROM INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE
Section 6.2(f)“Facilities available with/in load limiters, Automatic Turbine Run up System (ATRS), Turbine Supervisory control, coordinated control system, etc. shall not be used to suppress the normal governor action in any manner. No dead bands and/or time delays shall be deliberately introduced.”
EXTRACTS FROM INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE
Section 6.2(g) “All generating units, operating at/up to 100% of their
Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) shall normally be capable of (and shall not in any way be prevented from) instantaneously picking up five percent (5%) extra load for at least five (5) minutes or within technical limits prescribed by the manufacturer when frequency falls due to a system contingency. The generating units operating at above 100% of their MCR shall be capable of (and shall not be prevented from) going at least up to 105% of their MCR when frequency falls suddenly.”
“Any generating unit of over fifty (50) MW size (10MW for NER) not complying with the above requirement, shall be kept in operation (synchronized with the grid) only after obtaining the permission of RLDC.
EXTRACTS FROM INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE
Section 6.2(h)“The recommended rate for changing the governor setting, i.e. supplementary control for increasing or decreasing the output (generation level) for all generating units, irrespective of their type and size, would be one(1.0) percent per minute or as per manufacturer’s limits. However if the frequency falls below 49.5 Hz, all partly loaded generating units shall pick up additional load at a faster rate according to their capability.”
STIPULATIONS IN IEGC REGARDING
DATE OF IMPEMENTATION OF
FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION (FGMO)
EXTRACTS FROM INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE
Section 1.6The dates from which the stipulations under sections 4.8(c), 4.8(d), 6.2(e), 6.2(f), 6.2(g) and 6.2(h) would come into effect shall be the date for implementation of the Commercial mechanism for
(i) All generating units of installed capacity 200 MW and above and reservoir based hydro units of installed capacity 50 MW and above in SR, ER, NR & WR.
(ii) All thermal and reservoir based hydro generating units of installed capacity 10 MW and above in North Eastern Region.
EXTRACTS FROM INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE
Section 1.6 (contd.)For all other generating units the date of implementation of stipulations under section 4.8(c), 4.8(d), 6.2(e), 6.2(f), 6.2(g) and 6.2(h) would be three months after the date of implementation of the Commercial mechanism (ABT)
COMMERCIAL MECHANISEM FOR GRID OPERATION
& CONTROL
i.e.
AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF (ABT)
Components of inter-utility tariff(Pre – ABT Mechanism)
Fixed charges Interest on loans Depreciation O & M charges Return on equity Interest on Working Capital
Energy charges (fuel cost) Incentives Surcharge & other levies No charge for reactive energy
TENTATIVE COST FOR NTPC THERMAL STATIONS FOR THE MONTH OF DEC 2003
StationFixed Cost Rs. Cr/yr
(1)
Average Fixed Cost Rs. Cr/day
(2)
Average Fixed Cost P / KWh
(3)
Variable Base Cost P / KWh
(4)
Variable FPA P / KWh
(5)
Total Variable Base Cost P / KWh
(6)
Composite Cost P / KWh
(3) + (6)
Singrauli 364.59 0.996 28.27 67.98 7.86 75.84 104.11
Rihand 478.74 1.330 65.83 106.03 44.70 78.99 137.41
Unchahar – I 195.91 0.535 73.35 55.83 6.74 112.77 186.12
Anta GPS* 92.92 0.258 47.13 60.55 84.11 144.66 139.47
Auraiya GPS* 160.20 0.445 42.17 61.92 92.88 154.80 169.73
DadriGPS G) 210.96 0.576 37.20 95.14 0.24 95.38 132.58
Dadri (T) 416.78 1.158 76.97 90.56 55.57 146.13 229.24
Unchahar – II --- --- --- 103.28 6.98 110.26 473.75
Dadrigas(L) --- --- --- 356.34 71.21 436.55
*Rates for mixed fuel (gas+ liquid fuel, naphtha)
Payment to Inter State Generating Stations (ISGS) from beneficiaries
under Availability Based Tariff (ABT)
Capacity chargesEnergy chargesUnscheduled Interchange (UI)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Forecast ex-bus capability of Power Plant
Hours
MW
Net Injection Schedule
SEB - A's Requisition
SEB - A's Entitlement - (40% )
SCHEDULING
Energy Charges (paise/kwh) for Central Sector stations (Dec 2003)
Sl. No. Power Station Rate (Paise / KWh)
1. Salal 59.692. Tanakpur 59.693. Singrauli 75.844. Rihand 78.995. Anta/Auraiya/Dadri GT 95.006. Unchahar 110.007. Dadri (Thermal) 145.00
FREQUENCY vs UI PRICE
0
28
56
84
112
140
168
196
224
252
280
308
336
364
392
420
448
51
50.9
50.8
50.7
50.6
50.5
50.4
50.3
50.2
50.1 50
49.9
49.8
49.7
49.6
49.5
49.4
49.3
49.2
49.1 49
48.9
48.8
48.7
48.6
48.5
FREQUENCY
PAIS
E/U
NIT
49 HZ
50.5 HZ
49.5 HZ
50 HZ
49.5 HZ CORRESPONDS TO RS.2.80
UI PRICE AND FREQUENCY
IMPROVEMENTS
AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
IN NORTHERN REGION
Percentage of time frequency remained within the IEGC band (49.0-50.5 Hz) in Northern Region
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
December January February March April May June July August September October November
Perc
enta
ge o
f tim
e
pre-ABTpost-ABT
Singrauli & Rihand
2555
2530
2491 25
05
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03)
Ave
rage
MW
Declared Capability Injection Schedule
Unchahar-1 & 2
691
687
599
653
500
550
600
650
700
750
Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03)
Ave
rage
MW
Declared Capability Injection Schedule
Dadri (T)
711
640
619
717
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03)
Ave
rage
MW
Declared Capability Injection schedule
Anta, Auraiya & Dadri
1478
1336
1330
1636
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03)
Ave
rage
MW
Declared Capabilty Injection Schedule
Schedules as percentage of Declared Capability (DC)
97.5%
86.7%
89.9% 90.4%
99.0%
95.0%
86.3%
81.3%
75.0%
80.0%
85.0%
90.0%
95.0%
100.0%
105.0%
Pithead Unchahar-I +II Dadri (T) Combined cycle ISGS
pre-ABT (Dec 01-Nov 02)post-ABT (Dec 02-Nov 03)
AVG. NO. OF AGREEMENTS PER MONTH
11.25
7.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PRE ABT POST ABT
TOTAL ENERGY TRADED (MU)
3550.12
5146.59
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
PRE ABT POST ABT
NR BILATERAL AGREEMENTS
FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION
CASE STUDY FOR NORTHERN REGION
EXTRACTS FROM MINUTES OF NREB BOARD MEETING HELD AT SHIMLA
ON 14th JUNE 2003
“Northern Regional Electricity Board endorsed the decision of Technical Coordination Committee (TCC) to implement free governor mode of operation (FGMO) from 0000 hrs of 1st Oct, 2003”
DETAILS OF GENERATING UNITS IDENTIFIED FOR FGMO IN NORTHERN REGION
THERMAL (COAL-FIRED) STATIONS:
Sl No. Power Station Agency Capacity
01. Badarpur NTPC 2 x 210 = 420 02. Singaruli NTPC 5 x 200 + 2 x 500 = 2000 03. Rihand NTPC 2 x 500 = 1000 04. Dadri NTPC 4 x 210 = 840 05. Unchahar NTPC 4 x 210 = 840 06. Panipat HPGC 2 x 210 = 420 07. Ropar PSEB 6 x 210 = 1260 08. Lehra Mohabbat PSEB 2 x 210 = 420 09. Kota RRVUNL 3 x 210 = 630 10. Suratgarh RRVUNL 5 x 250 = 1250 11. Obra UPRVUNL 5 x 200 = 1000 12. Anpara UPRVUNL 3 x 210 + 2 x 500 = 1630
Total 11710
DETAILS OF GENERATING UNITS IDENTIFIED FOR FGMO IN NORTHERN REGION
HYDRO STATIONS (WITH PONDAGE) :
Sl No. Power Station Agency Capacity
01. Bhakra(L) & (R) BBMB 5 x 108 + 5 x 157 = 1325 02. Pong BBMB 6 x 66 = 396 03. Chamera NHPC 3 x 180 = 540 04. RSD PSEB 4 x 150 = 600 05. Rana Pratap Sagar(RPS) RRVUPNL 4 x 43 = 172 06. Rihand UPJVUNL 6 x 50 = 300 07. Ram Ganga UJVUNL 3 x 66 = 198 08. Jhakri SJVNL 2 x 250 = 500
Total 4031 GRAND TOTAL: Availability on a typical day considering: 100% of 500 MW Units = 3000 MW 80% of 200/210/250/195 MW Units = 6968 MW 50% of Reservoir Hydro Units = 2015 MW Total = 11983 MW
UNIT SIZE & GOVERNING SYSTEM
S No
Category Total Units
Capacity(MW)
1 500 MW units equipped with EHG governing system and coordinated controls through CMC/ULC/APC: Singrauli,Rihand,Anpara
6 3000
2 210/250 MW units equipped with EHG governing system & coordinated controls through CMC: Kota, Dadri(Th), Unchhar-II, Lehra,Suratgarh
16 3560
3 210 MW units equipped with EHG governing system and having manual controls (Without CMC):Unchahar-I, Ropar, Panipat, Anpara-A
13 2730
4 200/210 MW units quipped with hydro mechanical governing system and having manual controls(Singrauli, Obra-B, Badarpur)
12 2420
5 Total 47 11710
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
EXHIBITED BY VARIOUS
GENERATING UNITS DURING
RISE IN FREQUENCY
RESPONSES OBSERVED FOR
500 MW THERMAL UNITS
HAVING
ELECTROHYDRAULIC GOVERNING SYSTEM
WITH COORDINATED CONTROLS
(For Frequency Rise)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN SINGRAULI UNIT 7 ON 28/01/2004
50.08
50.3650.32
439
481
49.80
49.90
50.00
50.10
50.20
50.30
50.40
15:48
:00
15:49
:00
15:50
:00
15:51
:00
15:52
:00
15:53
:00
15:54
:00
15:55
:00
15:56
:00
15:57
:00
15:58
:00
15:59
:00
16:00
:00
16:01
:00
16:02
:00
16:03
:00
16:04
:00
16:05
:00
TIME
Hz
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
MW
FREQUENCY SINGRAULI UNIT 7
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN RIHAND UNIT 2 ON 25/01/2004
50.2
49.9
408.9
442.4
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50.0
50.1
50.2
50.3
1:05:0
0
1:06:0
0
1:07:0
0
1:08:0
0
1:09:0
0
1:10:0
0
1:11:0
0
1:12:0
0
1:13:0
0
1:14:0
0
1:15:0
0
1:16:0
0
1:17:0
0
1:18:0
0
1:19:0
0
1:20:0
0
1:21:0
0
1:22:0
0
1:23:0
0
1:24:0
0
1:25:0
0
TIME
Hz
400.0
410.0
420.0
430.0
440.0
450.0
460.0
MW
FREQUENCY RIHAND UNIT 2
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN ANPARA UNIT 5 ON 25/01/2004
50.2
49.9
439.1
461.4
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50.0
50.1
50.2
50.3
1:05:0
0
1:06:0
0
1:07:0
0
1:08:0
0
1:09:0
0
1:10:0
0
1:11:0
0
1:12:0
0
1:13:0
0
1:14:0
0
1:15:0
0
1:16:0
0
1:17:0
0
1:18:0
0
1:19:0
0
1:20:0
0
1:21:0
0
1:22:0
0
1:23:0
0
1:24:0
0
1:25:0
0
TIME
Hz
410.0
420.0
430.0
440.0
450.0
460.0
470.0
480.0
MW
FREQUENCY ANPARA UNIT 5
RESPONSES OBSERVED FOR
210/250 MW THERMAL UNITS
HAVING
ELECTROHYRAULIC GOVERNING SYSTEM
WITH COORDINATED CONTROLS
(For Frequency rise)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN SURATGARH UNIT 5 ON 28/01/2004
50.08
50.36
50.32
205
242
49.80
49.90
50.00
50.10
50.20
50.30
50.40
15:48
:00
15:49
:00
15:50
:00
15:51
:00
15:52
:00
15:53
:00
15:54
:00
15:55
:00
15:56
:00
15:57
:00
15:58
:00
15:59
:00
16:00
:00
16:01
:00
16:02
:00
16:03
:00
16:04
:00
16:05
:00
TIME
Hz
203
208
213
218
223
228
233
238
243
MW
FREQUENCY SURATGARH UNIT 5
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN KOTA UNIT 5 ON 25/01/2004
50.2
49.9
182.8
197.1
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50.0
50.1
50.2
50.3
1:05:0
0
1:06:0
0
1:07:0
0
1:08:0
0
1:09:0
0
1:10:0
0
1:11:0
0
1:12:0
0
1:13:0
0
1:14:0
0
1:15:0
0
1:16:0
0
1:17:0
0
1:18:0
0
1:19:0
0
1:20:0
0
1:21:0
0
1:22:0
0
1:23:0
0
1:24:0
0
1:25:0
0
TIME
Hz
170.0
175.0
180.0
185.0
190.0
195.0
200.0
MW
FREQUENCY KOTA UNIT 5
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN UNCHAHAR UNIT 3 ON 23.10.2003
50.20
50.3750.48
50.10
50.17
173174
191 190
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
50.60
50.80
51.00
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
7:46:0
0
7:47:0
0
7:48:0
0
7:49:0
0
7:50:0
0
7:51:0
0
7:52:0
0
7:53:0
0
7:54:0
0
7:55:0
0
7:56:0
0
7:57:0
0
7:58:0
0
7:59:0
0
8:00:0
0
TIME
Hz
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
MW
FREQUENCY UNCHAHAR UNIT 3
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN LEHRA UNIT 2 ON 23.10.2003
50.20
50.3750.48
50.10
50.17
178
184186184
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
50.60
50.80
51.00
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
7:46:0
0
7:47:0
0
7:48:0
0
7:49:0
0
7:50:0
0
7:51:0
0
7:52:0
0
7:53:0
0
7:54:0
0
7:55:0
0
7:56:0
0
7:57:0
0
7:58:0
0
7:59:0
0
8:00:0
0
TIME
Hz
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
MW
FREQUENCY LEHRA UNIT 2
RESPONSES OBSERVED FOR
210 MW THERMAL UNITS
HAVING
ELECTROHYRAULIC GOVERNING SYSTEM
WITHOUT COORDINATED CONTROLS
(For Frequency rise)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN ROPAR UNIT 2 ON 23.10.2003
50.48
50.10
206
202200
173
183
49.0049.2049.4049.6049.8050.0050.2050.4050.6050.8051.00
7:40
:00
7:41
:00
7:42
:00
7:43
:00
7:44
:00
7:45
:00
7:46
:00
7:47
:00
7:48
:00
7:49
:00
7:50
:00
7:51
:00
7:52
:00
7:53
:00
7:54
:00
7:55
:00
7:56
:00
7:57
:00
7:58
:00
7:59
:00
8:00
:00
TIME
Her
tz
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
Meg
awat
ts
FREQUENCY ROPAR UNIT 2
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN UNCHAHAR UNIT 2 ON 23.10.2003
50.20
50.3750.48
50.1050.17
177
197 197
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
50.60
50.80
51.00
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
7:46:0
0
7:47:0
0
7:48:0
0
7:49:0
0
7:50:0
0
7:51:0
0
7:52:0
0
7:53:0
0
7:54:0
0
7:55:0
0
7:56:0
0
7:57:0
0
7:58:0
0
7:59:0
0
8:00:0
0
TIME
Hz
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
MW
FREQUENCY UNCHAHAR UNIT 2
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN ANPARA UNIT 3 ON 28/01/2004
50.08
50.36
50.32
180
191
49.80
49.90
50.00
50.10
50.20
50.30
50.40
15:48
:00
15:49
:00
15:50
:00
15:51
:00
15:52
:00
15:53
:00
15:54
:00
15:55
:00
15:56
:00
15:57
:00
15:58
:00
15:59
:00
16:00
:00
16:01
:00
16:02
:00
16:03
:00
16:04
:00
16:05
:00
TIME
Hz
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
MW
FREQUENCY ANPARA UNIT 3
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN PANIPAT UNIT 5 ON 15.01.2004
50.46 50.53
50.2850.27
50.10
170.21
159.79
178.85
49.70
49.80
49.90
50.00
50.10
50.20
50.30
50.40
50.50
50.60
23:50
:00
23:51
:00
23:52
:00
23:53
:00
23:54
:00
23:55
:00
23:56
:00
23:57
:00
23:58
:00
23:59
:00
0:00:0
0
0:01:0
0
0:02:0
0
0:03:0
0
0:04:0
0
0:05:0
0
0:06:0
0
0:07:0
0
0:08:0
0
0:09:0
0
0:10:0
0
TIME
Hz
145.00
150.00
155.00
160.00
165.00
170.00
175.00
180.00
185.00
MW
FREQUENCY PANIPAT UNIT 5
RESPONSES OBSERVED FOR
200/210 MW THERMAL UNITS
WITH HYDRO-MECHANICAL
GOVERNING SYSTEM
(For Frequency Rise)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN OBRA UNIT 13 ON 13.10.2003
50.51
50.73
50.98
50.81
50.52
50.46
148.75
156.87
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
50.4
50.5
50.6
50.7
50.8
50.9
51
51.1
13:05
:00
13:06
:00
13:07
:00
13:08
:00
13:09
:00
13:10
:00
13:11
:00
13:12
:00
13:13
:00
13:14
:00
13:15
:00
13:16
:00
13:17
:00
13:18
:00
13:19
:00
13:20
:00
13:21
:00
13:22
:00
13:23
:00
13:24
:00
TIME
Hz
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
MW
FREQUENCY OBRA UNIT 13
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN SINGRAULI UNIT 5 ON 25/01/2004
50.2
49.9
186.0
164.7
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50.0
50.1
50.2
50.3
1:05:0
0
1:06:0
0
1:07:0
0
1:08:0
0
1:09:0
0
1:10:0
0
1:11:0
0
1:12:0
0
1:13:0
0
1:14:0
0
1:15:0
0
1:16:0
0
1:17:0
0
1:18:0
0
1:19:0
0
1:20:0
0
1:21:0
0
1:22:0
0
1:23:0
0
1:24:0
0
1:25:0
0
TIME
Hz
160.0
165.0
170.0
175.0
180.0
185.0
190.0
MW
FREQUENCY SINGRAULI UNIT 5
RESPONSES OBSERVED FOR
HYDRO UNITS
(For Frequency Rise)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN PONG UNIT 1 ON 13.10.2003
50.51
50.73
50.98
50.81
50.52
50.46
59.60
39.13
57.30
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
50.4
50.5
50.6
50.7
50.8
50.9
51
51.1
13:05
:00
13:06
:00
13:07
:00
13:08
:00
13:09
:00
13:10
:00
13:11
:00
13:12
:00
13:13
:00
13:14
:00
13:15
:00
13:16
:00
13:17
:00
13:18
:00
13:19
:00
13:20
:00
13:21
:00
13:22
:00
13:23
:00
13:24
:00
TIME
Hz
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
MW
FREQUENCY PONG UNIT 1
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN NATPHA JHAKRI ON 13.10.2003
50.51
50.73
50.98
50.81
50.46
50.52
256.88
250.12
244.70246.05
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
50.4
50.5
50.6
50.7
50.8
50.9
51
51.1
13:05
:00
13:06
:00
13:07
:00
13:08
:00
13:09
:00
13:10
:00
13:11
:00
13:12
:00
13:13
:00
13:14
:00
13:15
:00
13:16
:00
13:17
:00
13:18
:00
13:19
:00
13:20
:00
13:21
:00
13:22
:00
13:23
:00
13:24
:00
TIME
Hz
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
MW
FREQUENCY Naptha Jhakri
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN BHAKRA LEFT 1 ON 23.10.2003
50.20
50.37
50.48
50.1050.17
101 102
8587
106
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
50.60
50.80
51.00
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
7:46:0
0
7:47:0
0
7:48:0
0
7:49:0
0
7:50:0
0
7:51:0
0
7:52:0
0
7:53:0
0
7:54:0
0
7:55:0
0
7:56:0
0
7:57:0
0
7:58:0
0
7:59:0
0
8:00:0
0
TIME
Hz
82
87
92
97
102
107
112
117
122
MW
FREQUENCY BHAKRA LEFT 1
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN BHAKRA RIGHT 1 ON 23.10.2003
50.20
50.37
50.48
50.1050.17
160
137
124
149
147
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
50.60
50.80
51.00
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
7:46:0
0
7:47:0
0
7:48:0
0
7:49:0
0
7:50:0
0
7:51:0
0
7:52:0
0
7:53:0
0
7:54:0
0
7:55:0
0
7:56:0
0
7:57:0
0
7:58:0
0
7:59:0
0
8:00:0
0
TIME
Hz
122
127
132
137
142
147
152
157
162
MW
FREQUENCY BHAKRA RIGHT 1
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
EXHIBITED BY VARIOUS
GENERATING UNITS DURING
FALL IN FREQUENCY
RESPONSES OBSERVED FOR
500 MW THERMAL UNITS HAVING
ELECTROHYDRAULIC GOVERNING SYSTEM
WITH COORDINATED CONTROLS
(For Frequency fall)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN ANPARA UNIT 4 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09
478.36
452.66
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
410.00
420.00
430.00
440.00
450.00
460.00
470.00
480.00
MW
FREQUENCY ANPARA UNIT 4
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN SINGRAULI UNIT 7 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09
480.27
470.11
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
465.00
470.00
475.00
480.00
485.00
490.00
495.00
500.00
505.00
MW
FREQUENCY SINGRAULI UNIT 7
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN RIHAND UNIT 2 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09479.59
448.45
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
420.00
430.00
440.00
450.00
460.00
470.00
480.00
490.00
MW
FREQUENCY RIHAND UNIT 2
RESPONSES OBSERVED FOR
210/250 MW THERMAL UNITS
HAVING
ELECTROHYRAULIC GOVERNING MECHANISM
WITH COORDINATED CONTROLS
(For Frequency fall)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN KOTA UNIT 5 ON 23/01/2004
49.9
50.3
201.0
181.4
49.0
49.2
49.4
49.6
49.8
50.0
50.2
50.4
50.6
5:15:0
0
5:16:0
0
5:17:0
0
5:18:0
0
5:19:0
0
5:20:0
0
5:21:0
0
5:22:0
0
5:23:0
0
5:24:0
0
5:25:0
0
5:26:0
0
5:27:0
0
5:28:0
0
5:29:0
0
5:30:0
0
5:31:0
0
5:32:0
0
5:33:0
0
5:34:0
0
5:35:0
0
TIME
Hz
173.0
178.0
183.0
188.0
193.0
198.0
203.0
MW
FREQUENCY KOTA UNIT 5
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN DADRI THERMAL UNIT 2 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09
182.43
176.47
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
170.00
175.00
180.00
185.00
190.00
195.00
200.00
MW
FREQUENCY DADRI THERMAL UNIT 2
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN SURATGARH UNIT 1 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09
248.33
255.00
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
230.00
235.00
240.00
245.00
250.00
255.00
260.00
MW
FREQUENCY SURATGARH UNIT 1
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN UNCHAHAR UNIT 3 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09193.45
189.57
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
170.00
175.00
180.00
185.00
190.00
195.00
200.00
MW
FREQUENCY UNCHAHAR UNIT 3
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN LEHRA UNIT 1 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09
190.50
185.01
181.96
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
175.00
180.00
185.00
190.00
195.00
200.00
205.00
MW
FREQUENCY LEHRA UNIT 1
RESPONSES OBSERVED FOR
210 MW THERMAL UNITS
HAVING
ELECTRO HYDRAULIC GOVERNING SYSTEM
WITHOUT COORDINATED CONTROLS
(For Frequency fall)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN ANPARA UNIT 1 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09190.04
184.96
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
165.00
170.00
175.00
180.00
185.00
190.00
195.00
MW
FREQUENCY ANPARA UNIT 1
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN ROPAR UNIT 3 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09
163.20
161.50
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
150.00
155.00
160.00
165.00
170.00
175.00
180.00
MW
FREQUENCY ROPAR UNIT 3
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN PANIPAT UNIT 5 ON 22/01/2004
50.09
49.52
49.18
182.13
181.53
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
175.00
180.00
185.00
190.00
195.00
200.00
205.00
MW
FREQUENCY PANIPAT UNIT 5
RESPONSES OBSERVED FOR
200/210 MW THERMAL UNITS
WITH
HYDRO-MECHANICAL GOVERNING SYSTEM
(For Frequency Fall)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN SINGRAULI UNIT 5 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09196.13
187.33
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
170.00
175.00
180.00
185.00
190.00
195.00
200.00
MW
FREQUENCY SINGRAULI UNIT 5
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN OBRA UNIT 11 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09
144.01
142.32
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
130.00
135.00
140.00
145.00
150.00
155.00
160.00
MW
FREQUENCY OBRA UNIT 11
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN BTPS UNIT 4 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09
197.36
192.44
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
175.00
180.00
185.00
190.00
195.00
200.00
205.00
MW
FREQUENCY BTPS UNIT 4
RESPONSES OBSERVED FOR
HYDRO UNITS
(For Frequency Fall)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN BHAKRA RIGHT 5 ON 23/01/2004
49.9
50.3
161.7
152.6
133.9
49.0
49.2
49.4
49.6
49.8
50.0
50.2
50.4
50.6
5:15:0
0
5:16:0
0
5:17:0
0
5:18:0
0
5:19:0
0
5:20:0
0
5:21:0
0
5:22:0
0
5:23:0
0
5:24:0
0
5:25:0
0
5:26:0
0
5:27:0
0
5:28:0
0
5:29:0
0
5:30:0
0
5:31:0
0
5:32:0
0
5:33:0
0
5:34:0
0
5:35:0
0
TIME
Hz
125.0
130.0
135.0
140.0
145.0
150.0
155.0
160.0
165.0
MW
FREQUENCY BHAKRA RIGHT 5
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN BHAKRA RIGHT 3 ON 23/01/2004
49.9
50.3 161.5
137.7
49.0
49.2
49.4
49.6
49.8
50.0
50.2
50.4
50.6
5:15:0
0
5:16:0
0
5:17:0
0
5:18:0
0
5:19:0
0
5:20:0
0
5:21:0
0
5:22:0
0
5:23:0
0
5:24:0
0
5:25:0
0
5:26:0
0
5:27:0
0
5:28:0
0
5:29:0
0
5:30:0
0
5:31:0
0
5:32:0
0
5:33:0
0
5:34:0
0
5:35:0
0
TIME
Hz
130.0
135.0
140.0
145.0
150.0
155.0
160.0
165.0
170.0
MW
FREQUENCY BHAKRA RIGHT 3
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN PONG UNIT 4 ON 22/01/2004
49.18
49.52
50.09
66.90
64.89
48.60
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
7:25:0
0
7:26:0
0
7:27:0
0
7:28:0
0
7:29:0
0
7:30:0
0
7:31:0
0
7:32:0
0
7:33:0
0
7:34:0
0
7:35:0
0
7:36:0
0
7:37:0
0
7:38:0
0
7:39:0
0
7:40:0
0
7:41:0
0
7:42:0
0
7:43:0
0
7:44:0
0
7:45:0
0
TIME
Hz
60.00
61.00
62.00
63.00
64.00
65.00
66.00
67.00
68.00
69.00
70.00
MW
FREQUENCY PONG UNIT 4
IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE RESPONSE OF
DADRI(Th)
AFTER REMOVING
DELAYS & RAMP RATE IN CMC CIRCUIT
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN DADRI UNIT # 2 & 4(08.10.2003)
50.08
50.29
50.24
50.20
50.2150.22
50.1950.19
50.3050.30
50.25
50.18195.53
194.34
193.74193.74194.04194.34
193.74194.04194.04
192.85
192.85
195.23194.93
194.04194.04
49.95
50.00
50.05
50.10
50.15
50.20
50.25
50.30
50.35
17:59
:00
17:59
:20
17:59
:40
18:00
:00
18:00
:20
18:00
:40
18:01
:00
18:01
:20
18:01
:40
18:02
:00
18:02
:20
18:02
:40
18:03
:00
TIME
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
200
202
MW
FREQUENCY DADRI Unit # 2 DADRI Unit # 4
NO RESPONSE
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN DADRI(Th) UNIT-2 ON 13.10.2003
50.73
50.5150.53
50.98
50.80
50.46
164.55
137.45
171.11
141.92144.30
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
50.4
50.5
50.6
50.7
50.8
50.9
51
51.1
13:05
:00
13:06
:00
13:07
:00
13:08
:00
13:09
:00
13:10
:00
13:11
:00
13:12
:00
13:13
:00
13:14
:00
13:15
:00
13:16
:00
13:17
:00
13:18
:00
13:19
:00
13:20
:00
13:21
:00
13:22
:00
13:23
:00
13:24
:00
TIME
Hz
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
MW
FREQUENCY DADRI(Th)-2
DELAYED RESPONSE
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN DADRI THERMAL UNIT 2 ON 15.01.2004
50.4650.53
50.2850.27
50.10
186.30
161.58
49.70
49.80
49.90
50.00
50.10
50.20
50.30
50.40
50.50
50.60
23:50
:00
23:51
:00
23:52
:00
23:53
:00
23:54
:00
23:55
:00
23:56
:00
23:57
:00
23:58
:00
23:59
:00
0:00:0
0
0:01:0
0
0:02:0
0
0:03:0
0
0:04:0
0
0:05:0
0
0:06:0
0
0:07:0
0
0:08:0
0
0:09:0
0
0:10:0
0
TIME
Hz
158.00
163.00
168.00
173.00
178.00
183.00
188.00
193.00
198.00
MW
FREQUENCY DADRI THERMAL UNIT 2
SLUGGISH RESPONSE
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN DADRI THERMAL UNIT 2 ON 25/01/2004
50.2
49.9
145.2
167.2
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50.0
50.1
50.2
50.3
1:05:0
0
1:06:0
0
1:07:0
0
1:08:0
0
1:09:0
0
1:10:0
0
1:11:0
0
1:12:0
0
1:13:0
0
1:14:0
0
1:15:0
0
1:16:0
0
1:17:0
0
1:18:0
0
1:19:0
0
1:20:0
0
1:21:0
0
1:22:0
0
1:23:0
0
1:24:0
0
1:25:0
0
TIME
Hz
140.0
145.0
150.0
155.0
160.0
165.0
170.0
175.0
180.0
MW
FREQUENCY DADRI THERMAL UNIT 2
FREQUENCY RESPONSE IN DADRI THERMAL UNIT 2 ON 28/01/2004
50.08
50.36
50.32
169
188
49.80
49.90
50.00
50.10
50.20
50.30
50.40
15:48
:00
15:49
:00
15:50
:00
15:51
:00
15:52
:00
15:53
:00
15:54
:00
15:55
:00
15:56
:00
15:57
:00
15:58
:00
15:59
:00
16:00
:00
16:01
:00
16:02
:00
16:03
:00
16:04
:00
16:05
:00
TIME
Hz
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
MW
FREQUENCY DADRI THERMAL UNIT 2
Limitations and Constraints(AS REPORTED BY GENRATORS)
Poor coal quality (All mills are usually in service – no further margins)
Old units, weak boiler parts (Operation at throttle pressure below nominal; At Obra TPS 115 kg/cm2 against 135 kg/cm2) Commercial constraints (No payment for generation beyond DC)
Inadequate/Nil Spinning Reserves
Letter from Chief Engineer, Lehra Mohabbat (PSEB) Dated 22/01/04
…Load limiter on plus side cannot be fixed at 105% of the operating level because of constraints as per BHEL’s operation manual which reads as under-
“BHEL cannot be responsible for any malfunction occurring as a result of operation beyond rated limits and such operation if undertaken by utilities, must be at their own risk”
Limitations and Constraints(AS REPORTED BY GENRATORS)
SPECIFIC PROBLEMS REPORTED BY GENERATING STATIONS
DADRI(Th)
Unsteady machine parameters like drum pressure, Super heater/re-heater(SH/RH) steam temperatures, mill outlet temperatures resulting in tripping of Hot Air Gates leading to mill unloading.
Boiler Tube Leakages due to attachment weld failure, which is generally attributable to wide fluctuations in boiler parameters..
Rihand
• Sudden loading/unloading of turbines leading to torsional vibrations in turbine shaft, blade roots, generator retaining rings and is a cause for premature failure.
SPECIFIC PROBLEMS REPORTED BY GENERATING STATIONS
Frequent HP/LP Bypass operation leading to disturbance in process parameters like condenser vacuum and exhaust hood temperature.
Some instances of safety valve popping.
Rihand
Cyclic variation in steam pressure & temperature and boiler tube metal temperature causing thermal stress.
SPECIFIC PROBLEMS REPORTED BY GENERATING STATIONS
Increase in bearing vibration and eccentricity due to rapid variation in machine loads.
Cyclic over-firing & under firing of boiler, poor combustion, fire ball disturbance.
Choking of mills (when coal quality is poor)
THANK YOU
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