novel ppt(2)

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Southern Nevada Regional Professional Development

Program

RPDP.net

Created by Jill M. LeoneReading Specialist

Copyright © 2007

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Students will:

• identify various

elements of a novel.

• analyze and evaluate

key literary elements.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

They can take you to -

• places you’ve never been

• times long ago

• times in the future

• into the hearts and minds of others

RPDP Secondary Literacy

• Keep you company on a boring day

• Make you laugh or cry

• Help you understand your own life through the lives of others

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Characteristics:

• a fictional prose work

• usually divided into chapters

• relatively long and often complex plot

• story traditionally develops through the thoughts and actions of its characters

RPDP Secondary Literacy

To understand:

• who is telling the story (point of view)

• where and when the story takes place

• who are the main characters

• what the characters are like

• what happens (plot)

RPDP Secondary Literacy

You should also understand:

• the author’s central idea or message (theme)

• how the author expresses his or her ideas (style)

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Preview checklist: the title and author the front and back covers summaries or excerpts from book reviews information about author introductory material – dedication foreword, or introduction chapter names and illustrations

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

It includes –• the time and period in history

• the place

• the atmosphere

• the clothing

• the living conditions

• the social climate

RPDP Secondary Literacy

A story can be set in an imaginary place,

such as an enchanted castle, or a real place, such as New York or

Africa.

The time can be the past, the present, or

the future.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The setting of a story is always important.

It influences the way characters act and

think and all aspects of their lives.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Mood is the feeling, or atmosphere, that the writer creates for the

reader.

The author can use the setting to create a mood,

which is happy, sad, exciting, or boring.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

As you read a novel, pay attention

to how the setting affects the

mood of the story and also how it

affects the lives of the

characters.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The narrative perspective from which events in a story or novel are told

RPDP Secondary Literacy

When you determine who is telling the story, you’ve discovered the narrative point of view.

This is important because the narrator controls:• what and how much is told• the kind of information given to the reader• even the shape of the work itself

RPDP Secondary Literacy

This means that the narrator –• is a character in the story • describes the action in his or her own words

What’s shown is limited to thecharacter's observations and

thoughts.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Events and characters describedby a character outside the action

Third person limited point of view: • The narrator tells the story from the perspective of only one character.

• The reader only learns what this person feels and experiences.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

• Narrator is all-knowing

• Can see into the mind of

more than one character

• Gives reader access to all characters

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

These are the people, animals, or natural forces represented as

persons in a novel.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Authors describe them carefully. You learn -• how they look • what kind of people they are • how they act in different situations• how they change during the story

RPDP Secondary Literacy

• Main characters

• Minor characters

• Static characters

• Dynamic characters

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Main characters - characters who the story revolves around the most.

Minor characters - interact with the main characters and help move the story along.

Static characters - stay the same over the entire course of the story, even though their situation may change.

Dynamic characters - evolve as individuals, learning from their experiences and growing emotionally.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The main character is the most

important character.

The action of the plot and main

conflict revolve around him or her.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The main character or hero in a narrative or drama, usually the one with whom the audience identifies

Often referred to as “the good guy”

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The person, thing, or force that works against the protagonist

Can be –• another character• a family • a society• a force of nature• a force within the main character

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The way the author develops a character is called characterization.

• Pay attention to these clues from the author:• Physical appearance and personality• Speech, thoughts, feelings, and actions• Interactions with other characters• Direct comments by the author

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The plot is the sequence of events or what

happens in a story.

Many plots contain a central problem –

something that goes wrong.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

 The characters also usually have a goal to achieve.

The struggle to achieve this goal or solve the problem is

the conflict.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

There are different types of conflicts in a story.

External Forces:

Man vs. man - another individual or group of individuals 

Man vs. nature - something in the environment

RPDP Secondary Literacy

External Forces:Man vs. fate – a problem thatseems uncontrollable

Internal Forces:Man vs. self – a physical, mental or moral struggle faced by the central character

RPDP Secondary Literacy

By the end of a story, the character facing the conflict succeeds

or fails.

To identify the conflict, try to find the events

that caused the problem.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

• Pay attention to how a story ends.

• Many stories end by resolving their conflicts.

• The way a problem is fixed or solved is the resolution.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Plots usually progressthrough stages:

• Exposition• Rising Action• Climax • Falling Action• Resolution

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The exposition provides important background information and

introduces the setting, characters, and conflict.

During the rising action, the conflict becomes more intense and suspense builds as the main characters struggle

to resolve their problem.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The climax is the turning point in the plot when the outcome of the

conflict becomes clear, usually resulting in a change in the characters or a

solution to the conflict.

After the climax, the falling action occurs and the conflict is -

or about to be - settled.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The resolution is the ending.

The story’s central problem is finally solved, leaving the

reader with a sense of completion, although the

main character may not feel the same way.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Exposition

Risin

g Act

ion

Climax

Falling Action

Resolution

It’s like a map that tells you where you are in the action of the novel.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Tone expresses a writer’s attitude.

The tone of a literary work may be one of:

• anger• approval • joy • sadness• humor

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Writer’s style involves these elements:

• Word choice

• Tone

• Sentence structure and length

• Literary devices, such as figurative language, symbols, dialogue, and imagery

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Imagery is the use of words and phrases that create pictures in the reader’s

mind.Details that appeal to your

senses – sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch –

make the writing come alive.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Figurative Language –• A special way of using words• Not meant to be taken literally• Creates a picture in the minds of the reader• Often involves a comparison

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Pay careful attention to the language and

details a writers chooses.

They will give you clues about the

writer’s tone.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

This is the message about life from the author

to the reader.

It is like a lesson for life, something you can learn from the story and apply to other life situations.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

• The author usually doesn’t tell you the theme directly.

• You must figure it out for yourself by the way the characters act and react.

• Many novels have more than one theme, some major and some minor.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

• You understand your life through the lives of others.

• Use your imagination to form mental images.

• Read for pleasure.• Read more quickly.• “Big picture” is more important than details. • Easier to remember than nonfiction.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Good readers anticipate what they’ll be reading before they get to it.

Our background or prior knowledge enables us to make these

predictions.

It’s exciting to make predictions and then confirm how accurate we’ve been later on throughout a novel.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Which of the following provides important background information and introduces thesetting, characters, and conflict?

A. climaxB. expositionC. rising actionD. resolution

How did you do?

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Which of the following is considered aninternal force in the conflict of a novel?

A. man vs. manB. man vs. natureC. man vs. selfD. man vs. fate

How did you do?

RPDP Secondary Literacy

The main character or hero in a novel andusually the one with whom the audienceidentifies is the –A. antagonistB. protagonistC. narratorD. opponent

How did you do?

RPDP Secondary Literacy

Next time you open upa novel, think about the narrator’s point of view,

the characters, the conflict, the theme, and the writer’s

style and techniques.

You’ll see how they all fit together and can open up whole new worlds to you,

the reader.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

• Setting

• Mood

• Narrator’s Point of View

• Character Development

• Parts of a Plot

• Tone and Style

• Theme

RPDP Secondary Literacy

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Copyright © 2007 by Jill M. Leone

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