novel drug delivery system review

NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM REVIEW

Zainab Usman Gele, Hussain Hauwa and Md Ikram Department of pharmacy,IEC Group of Institution, Plot no.4, knowledge park-1, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.E-mail: zainabgele@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION

What is NDDS?Novel drug delivery systems The aim : Novel Drug Delivery System is to provide a

therapeutic amount of drug to the appropriate site in the body to accomplish promptly and then maintain the desired drug concentration.

For drugs to reach the targeted site with little or no side effects.

To minimize drug degradation and loss. To increase bioavailability of the drug and the

fraction of the drug absorbed in the required site.

The prime areas of research and development for NDDS are:

Liposome Niosomes Nanoparticles Hydrogel

LIPOSOME

Liposomes are small artificial vesicles of spherical shape that can be created from cholesterol and natural nontoxic phospholipids.

Liposomes have more advantages of being both nontoxic and biodegradable due to their composition. They are composed of naturally occurring substances.

Its classified on the basis of:a) Their structural properties- MLV,OLV,UV,SUVb) Their method of preparation- DRV

STRUCTURE OF LIPOSOME

METHODS OF LIPOSOME PREPARATION

Methods of Liposome Preparation Hydration stagea) Mechanical Methodsb) Replacement of organic solvent by aqueous media

methodc) Detergent removal Method Sizing stage Removal of non-encapsulated material.

APPLICATION OF LIPOSOMES

Gene Delivery Targeted Delivery Ocular Application Pulmonary Application Cancer Therapy Antimicrobial Therapy Arthritis

NIOSOMES Niosomes are NDDS, in which the medication

is encapsulated in a vesicle. The vesicle is composed of a bilayer of non-ionic surface active agents rather than phospholipids as seen in the case of liposomes. without incorporation of cholesterol or other lipids.

They are similar to Liposomes and can be used as carriers of amphiphilic and lipophilic drugs. It is less toxic and improves the therapeutic index of drug by restricting its action to target cells.

STRUCTURE OF NIOSOME

COMPOSITIONS OF NIOSOMES

The two major components of niosomes are,1. Cholesterol: used to provide rigidity and

proper shape, conformation to the niosomes preparations.

2. Non-ionic surfactants: This is important in the formation of niosomes. It possess a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Examples:- Spans (span 60, 40, 20, 85, 80)- Tweens (tween 20, 40, 60, 80)

METHOD OF PREPARATION

Ether injection method Extrusion method Hand shaking method Sonication method Micro fluidization method

APPLICATIONS OF NIOSOMES

In Drug Targeting. Neoplasia i.e. Cancer disease. Leishmaniasis i.e. Dermal and Mucocutaneous

infections e.g. Sodium stibogluconate. Delivery of Peptide Drugs. Studying Immune Response. Niosomes as Carriers for Haemoglobin. Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems Utilizing Niosomes. Ophthalmic drug delivery. Antibiotics Niosomes as Drug Carriers Anti-inflammatory agents Niosome as a carrier for Haemoglobin.

SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES SLNs are colloidal carriers developed as an

alternative system to the existing traditional carriers (emulsions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles).

SLN have unique properties such as small size, large surface area, high drug loading, and the interaction of phases at the interfaces, and are attractive for their potential to improve performance of pharmaceuticals and other materials

PREPARATION METHOD OF SLNS

1. High shear homogenization technique 2. Hot homogenization technique 3. Cold homogenization 4. Ultrasonication 5. Micro emulsion technique 6. Solvent emulsification-evaporation technique 7. Solvent emulsification-diffusion technique 8. Melting dispersion technique 9. Double emulsion technique 10. Membrane contactor technique

PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

Brain Delivery Mucosal drug delivery Skin Drug Delivery Cancer Delivery

HYDROGELS

Hydrogels are cross linked hydrophilic polymers network capable of taking in large volume of water but insoluble in water because of their network structure. They are chemically stable but may degrade, disintegrate and eventually and dissolve.

When their networks are held together by molecular entanglements they are called ‘reversible’ or ‘physical’ hydrogels.

Chemical hydrogels may generate by cross linking of water-soluble polymers or by conversion of hydrophobic polymers to hydrophilic polymers plus cross linking to form a network.  

TYPES OF HYDROGELS

  1) pH sensitive or ion sensitive hydrogels 2) Temperature sensitive hydrogels 3) Glucose sensitive hydrogels 4) Nanohydrogels 

Preparation of Hydrogels

1).Isostatic ultra high pressure (IUHP) 2).Use of cross linkers 3).Use of nucleophilic substitution reaction 4).Use of gelling agents 5).Use of irradiation and freeze thawing

PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGELS  1).Wound healing 2).Colon specific drug delivery 3).Topical drug delivery 4).Ocular drug delivery 5).Industrial applicability 6).Tissue engineering

CONCLUSIONS Novel drug delivery system have been used in a broad

range of pharmaceutical applications. It has enhanced drug to disease locations with short duration of time and are now clinically accepted.

Also, it promotes targeting of particular diseased cells within the disease site. Finally, It has exhibit reduced toxicities and increase efficacy compared with free convection drugs. Only time will tell which of the above applications and speculations will prove to be successful.

However, based on the pharmaceutical applications and available products, we can say that all the above drug delivery system have definitely established their position in modern delivery systems. 

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