notes section 2.2: states of matter matter and energy
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Notes
Section 2.2: States of Matter
Matter and Energy
What are the 4 states of Matter?
•Solid•Liquid•Gas•Plasma
The 3 States of Matter: Characteristics
How do you change a state of matter?
Melting•The process by which a solid becomes a liquid.
Molecular Movement of Melting
SOLID LIQUID
Particles are
vibrating
Particles break loose and slide
past one another.
Heat gives particles ENERGY
Melting Point•The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to melt.
Melting PointsNitrogen
-345.82 F
Oxygen -361.12 F
Iron 2795.0 F
Carbon 6332.0 F
Helium -457.6 F
Sodium 207.9 F
FreezingThe process by which a liquid becomes a solid.
Molecular Movement of Freezing
SOLIDLIQUID
The heat leaves…and the energy from the particles decreases…creating a solid
Are these items frozen?
Freezing Point
•The temperature at which a specific liquid becomes a solid.
Time to Think!
• What is the relationship between a substance’s melting point and freezing point?
• They are the same temperature!
Evaporation•The process by which a liquid becomes a gas.
Molecular Movement of Evaporation
Add heat to a liquid…
…and get a gas
Word Study•The root of the word evaporation is ____________, a Latin word meaning _____________________.
vapor
steam
Sublimation•The process
by which a solid changes directly to a gas.
Boiling•The process by which a liquid becomes a gas and produces bubbles.
Molecular Movement of Boiling
Why does the
liquid in the first
picture
evaporate when
no heat is
added?
Boiling Point
•The temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state.
Condensation
• The process by which a gas changes its state to become a liquid.
Beads of water that have condensed from the surrounding air.
Molecular Movement of Condensation
LIQUID
GAS
The heat leaves… and the energy from the particles decreases…creating a liquid
Word Study
•The root of the word condensation is ______________, which comes from a Latin word meaning ____________________.
condense
to thicken
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