notable historic floods in the usa walter hays, global alliance for disaster reduction, university...

NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS IN THE USA

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of

North Carolina, USA

FLOODSFLOODS

HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS

ELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISK

EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE

VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION

RISKRISKRISKRISK

FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA

POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)

• Too much water inserted quickly in the regional drainage system to be accommodated normally within the water cycle

• Erosion

• Scour

• Mudflows

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN

FLOODSFLOODS

INUNDATION

INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER

WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)

EROSION AND MUDFLOWS

CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

DAMAGE DAMAGE INJURIESINJURIESDAMAGE DAMAGE INJURIESINJURIES

UNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISK

COLLAPSE COLLAPSE DEATHSDEATHS

COLLAPSE COLLAPSE DEATHSDEATHS

LOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTIONLOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSS

RISKRISKRISKRISK

USA’SUSA’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

USA’SUSA’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

•PROTECTION•PEPAREDNESS•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY

FIVE PILLARS OF FIVE PILLARS OF RESILIENCERESILIENCE

SOME OF THE USA’S NOTABLE FLOODS

LOW MORTALITY, BUT VERY HIGH ECONOMIC LOSSES

THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER: THE USA’S # 1 FLOOD LABORATORY :

THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH: A MAJOR FLOOD LABORATORY: :

USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS

• 1889 JOHNSTON, PENNSYLVANIA FLOOD

• 1889 JOHNSTON, PENNSYLVANIA FLOOD

• DEATHS:

2,200• DEATHS:

2,200

USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS

• 1927 GREAT MISSISSIPPIERIVER FLOOD

• 1927 GREAT MISSISSIPPIERIVER FLOOD

• DEATHS: 246

• DEATHS: 246

USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS

• 1928 ST FRANCIS DAM FAILURE IN CALIFORNIA

• 1928 ST FRANCIS DAM FAILURE IN CALIFORNIA

• DEATHS: 400

• DEATHS: 400

USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS

• 1937 OHIO RIVER FLOOD (PENN., OHIO, KY, WV, INDIANA, ILLINOIS)

• 1937 OHIO RIVER FLOOD (PENN., OHIO, KY, WV, INDIANA, ILLINOIS)

• DEATHS: 385

• DEATHS: 385

USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS

• 1993 GREAT MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN FLOOD

• 1993 GREAT MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN FLOOD

• DEATHS: 50

• DEATHS: 50

USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS

• 2005 LEVEE FAILURES IN NEW ORLEANS AFTER HURRICANE KATRINA

• 2005 LEVEE FAILURES IN NEW ORLEANS AFTER HURRICANE KATRINA

• DEATHS: 70

• DEATHS: 70

8

USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS

• 2009 RED RIVER FLOOD

• 2009 RED RIVER FLOOD

• DEATHS: 4

• DEATHS: 4

8

USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS

• 2010 TENNESSEE FLOOD

• 2010 TENNESSEE FLOOD

• DEATHS: 31

• DEATHS: 31

CUMBERLAND RIVER: FLOODING NASHVILLE

USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS

• 2010 ARKANSAS FLOOD

• 2010 ARKANSAS FLOOD

• DEATHS: 20

• DEATHS: 20

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION

• REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS

• MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES)

• RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)

• REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS

• MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES)

• RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)

• DATABASES • MAPS: 100-YEAR AND

500-YEAR FLOODS• FLOOD DISASTER

SCENARIOS• DRONE PLANES• HAZMAT

MANAGEMENT

• DATABASES • MAPS: 100-YEAR AND

500-YEAR FLOODS• FLOOD DISASTER

SCENARIOS• DRONE PLANES• HAZMAT

MANAGEMENT

FLOOD RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES

FLOOD RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES

RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS

RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS

• PURPOSE

• PREVENTION

• PROTECTION

• LAND USE CONTROL

• PURPOSE

• PREVENTION

• PROTECTION

• LAND USE CONTROL

• TECHNIQUE

• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

• FLOOD CONTROL (LEVEES, LOCKS, AND DAMS)

• ZONING MAPS (BUILD – NO BUILD)

• TECHNIQUE

• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

• FLOOD CONTROL (LEVEES, LOCKS, AND DAMS)

• ZONING MAPS (BUILD – NO BUILD)

LEVEE SYSTEM: NEW ORLEANS

MORGANZA SPILLWAY WITH 125 FLOODGATES

SAND BAGS: LEVEE AUGMENTATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN

SAND BAGS: LEVEE AUGMENTATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN

• 2.5 MILLION SAND BAGS AUGMENTED SANDBAGS AND REDUCED LOSSES IN THE 1993 MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD

• 2.5 MILLION SAND BAGS AUGMENTED SANDBAGS AND REDUCED LOSSES IN THE 1993 MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD

HOOVER DAM: NEVADAHOOVER DAM: NEVADA

• FLOOD CONTROL (AND SOURCE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER) IN THE WESTERN USA

• FLOOD CONTROL (AND SOURCE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER) IN THE WESTERN USA