norm management system (shell group hse ms) gert jonkers
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NORM Management System(Shell Group HSE MS)
Gert JonkersEngineering & Analytical - GSEA/4 “Problem Solving”(Shell E&P Ionising Radiation/NORM HSE Expert CHP)
location
Shell Research & Technology Centre, AmsterdamP.O. 38000
NL-1030 BN Amsterdamthe Netherlands
2
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
FUEL GAS
GASSCRUBBER
1ST STAGESEPARATOR
GASSCRUBBER
FLARE
FLARE K.O.DRUM
PRODUCTIONTUBING
OVERBOARDPUMP
WATER FLOODINJECTION SEA WATER
BOOSTER PUMP
DE-AERATOR
SKIMMEDOIL PUMP
FLOTATIONCELL
METERINGPACKAGE
EXPORTLINEDEHYDRATOR2ND STAGE
SEPARATOROIL SHIPPING
PUMP
S.W.SERVICESCOOLERS ETC. SEA WATER
PUMP
WELLHEADS
PRODUCTIONMANIFOLD
EXPLOIT ALL a priori KNOWLEDGE ON E&P NORM
3
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Effective Radiation Protection ProgrammeIAEA, Operational Radiation Protection - Safety Guides, Safety Series 101 1990
IAEA, Recommendations for the Safe Use and Regulation of Radiation Sources in Industry, Medicine, Research and Teaching , Safety Series 102, 1990
Organisation & Management committed to
Safety & ALARP
Successful Personnel Selection & Training
EffectiveOccupational
RadiationControl
EffectivePublic
RadiationControl
EffectiveEmergency
Planning& Preparedness
ImplementationQuality
Assurance
1.Effective Management Structure
2.Clearly Documented Authorities, Responsibilities, Job descriptions
3.Adequate resources
4.Commitment to Safety & ALARP from all Employees
1.Appropriate Selection Criteria
2.Complete Post-Appointment Training
1. Identification of Potential Sources of Public Exposure
2.Adequately Derived and Documented Criteria to Limit Public Exposure
1. Identification of Components Requiring Formal Quality Assurance
2. Identification of Applicable Standards
3.Adequate Appraisal Regimes
1.Effective Control of Doses and Intakes
2.Adequate Control Standards
3.Effective Surveillance
1. Identification Potential Accident Situations
2.Evaluation Unidentified Accident Situations
3.Preparation Contingency Plans
4.Exercise Contingency Plans
5.Periodic Review Emergency Plans
ad 1) adequate corporate/site structure, seniority safety management, safety independent of production
ad 2) production/safety: publish policies, clear organisation chart
ad 3) production/safety: competent staff, adequate facilities
ad 4) training, appraisal ratings include safety performance
ad 1) documented qualification requirements for all levels, minimum age requirements, identified and documented medical requirements
ad 2) formal review training requirements, documented training objectives, adequate scope of training programme, induction training to rectify deficiencies
ad 1) adequate control of source, provision of physical barriers, provision of administrative controls
ad 2) adequately derived standards, adequately documented standards, pre-determined reference and action levels
ad 3) adequate monitoring of workplace, appropriate personal dosimetry, assessment of results and data of occupational radiation control
ad 1) adequate control of public doses due to > accident situations, > routine releases,
> transport of radioactive materials, > radioactive waste
ad 2) individual and collective doses
ad 1) location, causead 2) evaluation of
non-radiological conseq./ hazard / personnel-at-risk / consequences
ad 3) statements potential situations & identifiable hazards, provision of adequate communicat., recommended course of action, availability emergency equipment, notifications outside organisation, plans for exposed personnel
ad 4) degree of involvement, frequency
ad 5) scope/frequency review
ad 1) equipment / procedure oriented
ad 2) satisfy self-determined / external / national standards
ad 3) defined appraisal committee / frequency of appraisals / scope of appraisals
4
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
1960 1970 1980 1990
Safety
Assurance
Past Present TRENDS
Safety engineers / officers Line management responsibility supported by safety (HSE) advisers Reaction to accidents Prevention of accidents Accidents accepted Accidents can severely erode the reputation/results of the Company Prescriptive rules Goal setting rules risk based Safety was a side issue HSE is a core issue
equipmentfocus
Human Error Focus
Line Management
Focus
Safety(HSE)
ManagementSystem
Evolution of HSE Management Systems
2000
5
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Leadership and CommitmentPolicy and Strategic
Objectives
Management Review
Corrective Action and Improvement
Audit
Organisation, Responsi-bilities, Resources,
Standards and Documents
Corrective Action and Improvement
Monitoring
Planning and Procedures
Hazards and Effects Management
Implementation
Corrective Action
HSE Management System Structure
CHECK
DO
PLAN
FEEDBACK
6
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Leadership & Commitment
Specific requirements for (E&P) NORM (draft)
Company Management shall ensure that extracted natural resources (e.g. Oil, Gas, Tar sands, Coal) are evaluated on NORM contents and that methods to reduce production are considered.
All persons that can potentially be exposed to NORM shall be informed.
Site owner shall assess the risk of NORM contained in feedstock or purchased materials based on extracted natural resources and minimize the quantities imported.
Site owner shall check and have an inventory of accumulations of NORM in company and contractor equipment.
Management to make sure that a qualified person is assigned to advice on dealing with the NORM. Accountability for managing NORM rests with site management.
Receivers of products and waste streams from contaminated installations shall be made aware of the NORM contents.
Company and contractor organisations maintaining or demolishing the installations shall be made aware of contaminations and the correct disposal route.
Emergency response plans shall deal with the reputation aspects of inadvertent handover or disposal of NORM containing product, equipment or waste
7
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Field/Asset HSE advisors (Radiation Protection Technicians)(HSE critical activities)
CompanyManaging Director/Board
Radiation (NORM) Advisory CommitteeChair: HSE Manager
Members: Managers of “NORM-affected” operations (incl. contractors)Company Radiation Focal Point
Operations Radiation Focal Point
Field/Asset Radiation Focal Points
External Radiation Protection
Advisor
Potential Embedment of NORM (IR Protection) Know How
8
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP)
Are people, environment or assets exposedto potential harm?
What are the causes and consequences?How likely is loss of control?What is the risk and is it ALARP?
Can the causes be eliminated?What controls are needed?How effective are the controls?
Can potential consequences or effects be mitigated?What recovery measures are needed?Are recovery capabilities suitable and sufficient?
Identify
Assess
Control
Recover
9
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
222Rn 218Po +
234mPa 234Pa + h
emission of mono-energetic, fast (MeV) He nuclei
emission of poly-energetic, fast (keV< >MeV) electrons
emission of mono-energetic, penetrative (keV< >MeV) photons
214Pb 214Bi +
MODES OF (NATURAL) DECAY
10
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
RADIATION PENETRATION CHARACTERISTICS
11
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE & ASSESSMENT
Ingestion (Bq/L, Bq/g) contaminates body (stomach)
Inhalation (Bq/m3) airborne & radon contaminates body (lungs)
Irradiation by -photons from outside the body
Contamination (Bq/cm2) of the outside body (skin)
Intake (Bq) & DCCinh (Sv/Bq): internal dose (Sv)
Intake (Bq) & DCCing (Bq/Sv): internal dose (Sv)
Dose rate (Sv/h) / exp. Time (h):external dose (Sv)
surface dose rate (Sv/h per Bq/cm2) / exp. time (h):………
skin dose (Sv)
Sum whole body dose (Sv)Dose Conversion
Coefficient (Bq/Sv, ex ICRP #72)Radionuclide Specific
12
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
HAZARD THREAT
BARRIERS
RECOVERYPREPAREDNESS
MEASURES
CONSEQUENCE
TopEvent
SCENARIO
CONSEQUENCE
CONSEQUENCE
The Bow Tie model
Control (keep within control limits) Prepare for emergencies
Objective: reduce likelihood(pro-active/preventative)
Objective: mitigate consequences and re-instate (reactive)
13
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Possible End Consequences from a Top Event
PeopleNORM no acute effectschronic exposure
Reputation
Environmentdischarges to air & water; waste
14
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Leadership and Commitment
Policy and Strategic Objectives
Management Review
Corrective Action and Improvement
Audit
Organisation, Responsi-bilities, Resources,
Standards and Documents
Corrective Action and Improvement
Monitoring
Planning and Procedures
Hazards and Effects Management
Implementation
CorrectiveAction
HAZARD THREAT
BARRIERS
RECOVERYPREPAREDNESS
MEASURES
CONSEQUENCE
TopEvent
SCENARIO
CONSEQUENCE
CONSEQUENCE
Control (keep within control limits) Prepare for emergencies
Objective: reduce likelihood(pro-active/preventative)
Objective: mitigate consequences and re-instate (reactive)
HSE Commitment and Risk Management
HSE Commitment
tasksresponsibilitiescompetencies
procedures
Target
15
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
FROM DOSE TO RISK LEVELS
Hazard Identification: • NORM exposure within in stochastic (chronic) dose regime, i.c. no deterministic (acute)
effects• Epidemiological data shown conclusively that ionising radiation can cause cancer in
human beings.
Dose-Response Relationship: • Absorbed dose in tissue is the physical fundamental quantity, that determines the
response, NOT the source of radiation;• Estimates stem from special groups exposed well above natural levels, like Japanese
bomb survivors, uranium miners, radium dial painters;• Linear function of dose without a threshold (LNT-model; UNSCEAR 5% per Sv).
Exposure Assessment:• Similar for (naturally occurring) radionuclides and other hazardous chemicals except that
external exposure to penetrating radiation is an important pathway.
Risk Characterisation:• Relatively straightforward, and generally focuses on fatal cancers as the endpoint of
concern (LNT-model; UNSCEAR = 5% per Sv adopted by ICRP).
16
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Quantified Risk Assessment Levels (QRA)
Low, consider cost effective alternatives
Fundamental improve-ments needed. Only to be considered if there are no
alternatives and people are well informed.
Too high, significant effort required to improve.
High, investigate alternatives
Negligible, maintain normal precautions
Intolerable
The ALARP or Tolerable RiskRegion (Risk is tolerated only and risks have to be managed to ALARP)
Broadly acceptable region.
No need for detailed working to demonstrate ALARP
Individual Risk Per Annum
10-3 die per year
10-6/y
10-4 die per year
10-5/year
public dose limit
natural background dose
NORM source constraint
practice source constraint
17
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Operations - External Radiation Hazard
TARGET Minimisation of Exposure to Penetrative Radiation Emitted by NORM Deposits
TIME Minimise the time spent in proximity of NORM affected facility parts.
DISTANCE Maximise the distance to NORM affected facility parts.
SHIELDING Maximise the shielding between personnel and NORM affected facility parts.
TARGET Minimisation of Exposure to Penetrative Radiation Emitted by NORM Deposits
TIME Minimise the time spent in proximity of NORM affected facility parts.
DISTANCE Maximise the distance to NORM affected facility parts.
SHIELDING Maximise the shielding between personnel and NORM affected facility parts.
BarriersSeparation (Time & Distance)
Administrative (Training, Warning)
Procedural
BarriersSeparation (Time & Distance)
Administrative (Training, Warning)
Procedural
18
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Maintenance - Internal & External Radiation Hazard
TARGET Prevention of Internal Contamination by Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Deposits (NORM)
Ingestion Avoid direct skin contact with LSA deposits. No eating, drinking etc. at the workplace. Use PPE (e.g. gloves).
Inhalation Avoid dust generating operations. Use PPE (e.g. respiratory protection).
External Time (Distance/Shielding) applies as well.
TARGET Prevention of Internal Contamination by Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Deposits (NORM)
Ingestion Avoid direct skin contact with LSA deposits. No eating, drinking etc. at the workplace. Use PPE (e.g. gloves).
Inhalation Avoid dust generating operations. Use PPE (e.g. respiratory protection).
External Time (Distance/Shielding) applies as well.
Barriers
Separation (Time & Distance)
Administrative (Training, Warning)
ProceduralRepressive (ventilation, dust filtration)
BarriersSeparation (Time & Distance)
Administrative (Training, Warning)
ProceduralRepressive (ventilation, dust filtration)
19
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
TARGET Reducing both External and Internal Dose by Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Deposits (NORM ) from former Gas/Oil Production Activities to an Acceptable Level for Future Inhabitants
Ingestion Determine amount of radioactivity entering food chain.
Inhalation Potential (topsoil) dust activity levels extremely low.
External (Sub)soil activity levels sufficient low.
TARGET Reducing both External and Internal Dose by Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Deposits (NORM ) from former Gas/Oil Production Activities to an Acceptable Level for Future Inhabitants
Ingestion Determine amount of radioactivity entering food chain.
Inhalation Potential (topsoil) dust activity levels extremely low.
External (Sub)soil activity levels sufficient low.
ABANDONMENT - Internal & External Radiation Hazard
BarriersAdministrative (Training, Warning)
ProceduralPreventative (area cover, collection)
Repressive (ventilation, dust filtration)
Recovery PreparednessCurative (cleanup, remediation)
Compensatory
BarriersAdministrative (Training, Warning)
ProceduralPreventative (area cover, collection)
Repressive (ventilation, dust filtration)
Recovery PreparednessCurative (cleanup, remediation)
Compensatory
20
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Review & Corrective Actions
Dose records and/or dose assessments, NORM surveys, NORM analysis results, NORM production (notification & licensing?) should be reviewed regularly by the Radiation
Advisory Committee defining Corrective Actions for Improvement
21
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
“OPERATIONS” NORM (external/contamination) radiation survey
dose readings > 0.5 Sv/h NORM contaminatedor contamination readings > 50 bg signpost areas
0.1 Sv/h < dose readings < 0.5 Sv/h NORM suspector5 bg < contamination readings < 50 bg
dose readings < 0.1 Sv/h no NORM restrictionsand contamination readings < 5 bg
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO PROTECTION AGAINST “NORM”
“MAINTENANCE” NORM (external/contamination) readings ad hoc
NORM contaminated: take external and contamination readings for open tanks/vessels, working hours, asses dose, Waste Storage
NORM suspect: take external and contamination readings for open tanks/vessels, record working times, take ‘representative’ sample Analyse for final classification of waste: normal / NORM
22
E&P NORM WorkshopMuscat, February 21-24, 2005
tel. +31 20 630 3424Gert.Jonkers@Shell.com
G. Jonkers, GSEA/4 at SRTCAP.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
Risk of Radiation DosesCompare with Natural Background Dose
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