non-road electric vehicle demonstration utility terrain
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Non-road Electric Vehicle DemonstrationUtility Terrain Vehicle (UTV)
Satish Rajagopalan, PhD
Daniel Foster
Andra Rogers (Project Manager)
12-13-2011
2© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Background
• Utility terrain vehicles (UTVs) are used for a variety of purpose ranging from utility to recreation
– Examples include military bases, beach patrols, ports, agricultural locations, industrial sites, and local/municipal applications such as parks and schools
• US UTVs in 1997 consumed about 122 million gallons of gasoline, equivalent to 2 billion pounds of CO2 emissions
• Replacement of the gas-powered ATVs with an electric equivalent has the potential to significantly reduce emissions output and fuel consumption
3© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Project Objective
• Test all-electric UTVs in the same applications and work situations as its combustion counterpart
• Verify through in-field testing the durability, range, operating characteristics, and charge profiles of the all-electric UTVs
• Verify manufacturer claims that all-electric UTVs are suitable replacement for gasoline-powered UTVs
• Instrument and deploy in field two all-electric UTVs to collect data for analysis
4© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Project Partners
• Gulf Power
• Southern Company
• Eglins Air Force Base
• Green Fleet Solutions
• EPRI
5© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
All Electric UTVs Under Test
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Electric UTV #1: 4-Passenger - 4x4
• 72 volt 30 peak horsepower electric motor
• 130 ft . lbs. of peak torque• 72V Lead-Acid Battery
Pack (12-volt deep-cycle batteries)
• Appx. weight: 800lbs• Height: 78”• Width: 52”• Length: 112”• Charging voltage: 120 Vac
7© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Electric UTV #2: 6-Passenger - 4x4
• 64 volt 30 peak horsepower electric motor
• 130 ft . lbs. of peak torque• 72V Lead-Acid Battery
Pack (8-volt deep-cycle batteries)
• Appx. Weight: 1750 lbs• Height: 80”• Width: 52”• Length: 150”• Charging voltage: 120 Vac
8© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Instrumentation and Data Collection
• Two all-electric UTVs are fully instrumented to collect data– Charger AC power– Battery DC voltage– Battery DC current– Ambient temperature– Battery temperature– Vehicle incline– Vehicle speed– Distance traveled
• Electrical data sampled every 0.1 seconds and temperature sampled every 1 minute
• Data logged onboard and remote transferred to EPRI ftp-site in real-time
9© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Instrumentation and Data Collection
10© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sensors
• Advanced Pulse Wattnode true RMS AC watt-hour transducer for input AC energy measurement during charging
• Hall current sensors - accessory, battery, and input AC current
• Inclinometer• Speedometer mounted on axle (distance computed from
speed and distance per wheel revolution)• Thermocouples for ambient and battery temperature
– Battery temperature measured on post and at the middle of the pack
• Direct voltage measurement• Dedicated 24V power supply for datalogger and sensors
11© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Data Analysis Goal
• Vehicle duty cycles
• Charging characteristics
• Vehicle range dependence on
– Terrain
– Temperature
– Speed
• Battery life and temperature dependence
12© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Preliminary Results
Charge energy ~ 4.6 kWh
13© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Preliminary Results
14© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Preliminary Results
15© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary and Next Steps
• Electric UTVs presently in field trials at Eglins AFB
• Remote data collection in progress and will continue for six
months
• Data analysis to be performed to evaluate duty cycle, vehicle
operating characteristics, charge profiles
• Performance and emission comparison with gasoline UTV to be
completed
16© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Electric UTVs in Action
17© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
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