non-communicable disease cardiovascular diseases
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NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASECARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
How can you prevent cardiovascular disease?
A disease that is not transmitted by another person, vector, or the environment
Habits and behaviors can increase or decrease risk
Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular system
Transports blood to all parts of body Blood carries oxygen and nutrients-
without receiving these cells in your body would die
Cardiovascular disease-Disease that affects the heart or blood vessels
Can interfere with pumping of heart or movement of blood through the vessels
Silent killerno symptoms in early stages
http://video.about.com/heartdisease/Heart-Attack.htm
CVD- responsible for 40% of all deaths in the US
You can reduce your risk by Avoiding tobacco Physical activity Maintaining healthy weight Avoiding high fat foods
Hypertension Blood pressure
The force of blood created by the heart’s contractions and the resistance of the vessel walls
Hypertension high blood pressure (BP) BP is continually above the normal range for a
particular person Heart, blood vessels, and other organs
can be damaged if HTN continues
Have BP check regularly Treated with medication, weight
management, physical activity, and proper nutrition
Atherosclerosis Healthy lining of blood vessel= smooth
and elastic Fatty substance in blood can build up on
artery walls causing them to thicken and lose elasticity
Def: The process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls
Due to eating foods with high saturated fat and cholesterol
Smoke and HTN contribute
A blood clot can form and grow in an area of plaque an may cause heart attack or stroke
Diseases of the HeartAngina Pectoris Chest Pain that results when the heart
does not get enough oxygen Sign that heart is temporarily not getting
enough oxygenArrhythmias Irregular heart beats Most are common
(Arrhythmias cont.) Some types can be serious Ventricular fibrillation- electrical impulses
become rapid Commonly followed by sudden cardiac
arrest, heart stops beating, death can follow in minutes
Heart Attack Damage to the heat muscle caused by
blocked blood supply Most are sudden with intense chest pain Start slow with mild pain or discomfort
which is mistaken for indigestion. Ventricular fibrillation can follow Immediate response to warning signs can
save a life
Congestive Heart Failure The heart gradually becomes weaker to
the point that it cannot maintain its regular pumping rate and force
Can be a result of high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, a heart valve defect, illegal drug use, or other factors
Can be managed with medications, good nutrition, and physical activity
http://video.about.com/heartdisease/Congestive-Heart-Failure.htm
Stroke Occurs when blockage prevents blood
flow to the brain Effects different parts of the body
depending on the part of the brain that is deprived of oxygen
Also occurs from a cerebral hemorrhage- blood vessel in the brain bursts causing blood to spread into surrounding brain tissue
Diagnostic ToolsEKG Graph of electrical activity of heart
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging Produces images of internal body organs Can identify heart damage
Treatment OptionsCoronary Bypass A healthy vain is removed from leg or
chest to create a detour around a blocked artery
Angioplasty A tube with a balloon is inserted into a
blocked artery Balloon is inflated, deflated, then
removed Structure may remain to keep artery
open
Medications Variety of medicines are available Diuretics- lowers fluid balance Cholesterol lowering drugs Drugs to slow clotting
http://video.nytimes.com/video/2007/04/05/health/1194817111443/heart-disease-the-no-1-killer.html
Pacemaker Used to treat irregular heart beat Sends steady electrical impulse to trigger
regular heart beat
Why Teens Are at Risk CVD can start developing during
childhood The health behaviors you are practicing
now are affecting your cardiovascular system
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases The more risk factors you have the greater
your chance Tobacco use- includes second hand smoke High blood pressure High cholesterol Physical inactivity Excess weight Stress Drug and Alcohol Use
Risk factors You Can’t Control Heredity Gender- men have a greater risk Age- risk increases with age Knowing risk factors can help you make
healthy decisions to protect yourself
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