nomeclature one name for each substance, one substance for each (valid) name

Nomeclature

One name for each substance, one substance for each (valid)

name

If it is a…

• The nomenclature rules depend on what type of substance. There are several systems.

1. Ionic compounds

2. Covalent compounds

3. Acids

If it is a…

• The nomenclature rules depend on what type of substance. There are several systems.

1. Ionic compounds—begins with a metal

2. Covalent compounds—no metals

3. Acids—begins with H

Ionic compounds: Formula to name

• Name (don’t count) the ions.

• MgO

• BaCl2• Na2SO3

• NiBr3

• Fe2(CrO4)3

Name the ions

Ionic compounds: Formula to name

• Name (don’t count) the ions.

• MgO magnesium oxide

• BaCl2• Na2SO3

• NiBr3

• Fe2(CrO4)3

Name the ions

Not “oxygen”

Ionic compounds: Formula to name

• Name (don’t count) the ions.

• MgO magnesium oxide

• BaCl2 barium chloride

• Na2SO3

• NiBr3

• Fe2(CrO4)3

Name the ions

Not “dichloride”

Ionic compounds: Formula to name

• Name (don’t count) the ions.

• MgO magnesium oxide

• BaCl2 barium chloride

• Na2SO3 sodium sulfite

• NiBr3

• Fe2(CrO4)3

Name the ions

Look it up!

Now, wait a minute

• Two comounds of bromine and nickel are possible.

NiBr3 and NiBr2

• You can’t call them both nickel bromide

• Transition element ions are written with a Roman numeral to show the charge.

Now, wait a minute

NiBr3 and NiBr2

• The (-) ion tells you the charge on the metal.

• 3 x -1=-3Nickel has a +3 charge

• 2 x -1=-2Nickel has a +2 charge

Ionic compounds: Formula to name

• Name (don’t count) the ions.

• MgO magnesium oxide

• BaCl2 barium chloride

• Na2SO3 sodium sulfite

• NiBr3 nickel (III) bromide

• Fe2(CrO4)3

Name the ions

Ionic compounds: Formula to name

• Name (don’t count) the ions.

• MgO magnesium oxide

• BaCl2 barium chloride

• Na2SO3 sodium sulfite

• NiBr3 nickel (III) bromide

• Fe2(CrO4)3 iron (III) chromateName the ions

Ionic compounds: Formula to name

• Name (don’t count) the ions.

• NaBr

• K2O

• (NH4)2CO3

• FeS

• CrI3

Ionic compounds: Formula to name

• Name (don’t count) the ions.

• NaBr sodium bromide

• K2O potassium oxide

• (NH4)2CO3 ammonium carbonate

• FeS iron (II) sulfide

• CrI3 chromium (III) iodide

Warnings

• Group metals (group 1 and 2 and aluminum) do not get a Roman numeral

• Count your charges to get the transition element charge. The Roman numeral is part of an ion’s name

• Watch out for Hg+2 vs Hg2+2, O-2 vs O2

-2

Ionic compounds: Name to formula

• Balance your charges

• Lithium chloride

• calcium bromide

• Aluminum sulfate

• cobalt (II) oxide

• nickel (III) nitrite

Ionic compounds: Name to formula

• Balance your charges

• Lithium chloride LiCl

• calcium bromide CaBr2

• Aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3

• cobalt (II) oxide CoO

• nickel (III) nitrite Ni(NO2)3

Warnings

• Use () when you double or triple a polyatomic ion

• Balance your charges

Prefixes (Back of your chart)

1. Mono-

2. Di-

3. Tri-

4. Tetra-

5. Penta-

6. Hexa-

7. Hepta-

8. Octo-

9. Nona-

10. Deca-

11. Undeca-

12. Dodeca-

13. Trisdeca-

…

20. Icosa-

PS—Hydrated salts

• Hydrated salts are written with • x H20

• They are named with (prefix)hydrate

• For example:

Cobalt (II) chloride dihydrate = CoCl2• 2H20

Covalent compounds: Formula to name

• Name the atoms, in order, with prefixes (ends in –ide)

• N2S5

• CCl4• P2O5

• BF3

Covalent compounds: Formula to name

• Name the atoms, in order, with prefixes (ends in –ide)

• N2S5 dinitrogen pentasulfide

• CCl4 carbon tetrachloride

• P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide

• BF3 boron trifluoride

Warnings

• First element is named, second one ends in “–ide”

• An “a” or “o” is dropped from the prefix before “–oxide”

• The “mono-” prefix is omitted on the first atom

Covalent compounds: Name to formula

• Write the atoms, prefixes become subscripts

• nitrogen trichloride

• Arsenic trioxide

• Bromine monochloride

• Xenon tetrafluoride

Covalent compounds: Name to formula

• Write the atoms, prefixes become subscripts

• nitrogen trichloride NCl3• Arsenic trioxide AsO3

• Bromine monochloride BrCl

• Xenon tetrafluoride XeF4

Acids

• If the anion name then the acid name

• ends in…. is…

Acids

• If the anion name then the acid name

• ends in…. is…

• --ide Hydro___ic acid

• (hypo--) --ite Hypo___ous acid

• --ite ___ous acid

• --ate ___ic acid

• (per--) –ate Per ___ic acid

AcidsFormula to name• HI is _________acid

• HBrO4 is _________acid

• H2CO3 is _________acid

• H2SO3 is ________acid

• HClO is ___________acid

AcidsFormula to name• HI is hydroiodic acid

• HBrO4 is perbromic acid

• H2CO3 is carbonic acid

• H2SO3 is sulfurous acid

• HClO is hypochlorous acid

Acids Name to formula

• ____is hydrocyanic acid

• ____ is periodic acid

• _____ is phosphoric acid

• _____ is nitrous acid

• ____ is hypoiodous acid

Acids Name to formula

• HCN is hydrocyanic acid

• HIO4 is periodic acid

• H3PO4 is phosphoric acid

• HNO2 is nitrous acid

• HIO is hypoiodous acid

What is the name?

• K2S

• CrO3

• CaSO4•2H2O

• Pb(C2H3O2)2

• CuI2

What is the name?

• K2S Potassium sulfide

• CrO3 Chromium (VI) oxide

• CaSO4•2H2O Calcium sulfate dihydrate

• Pb(C2H3O2)2 Lead (II) acetate

• CuI2 Copper (II) iodide

• Gold (I) chloride

• Lithium oxide

• Iron (II) cyanide

• Potassium chlorate

• Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate

What is the formula?

• Gold (I) chloride AuCl

• Lithium oxide Li2O

• Iron (II) cyanide Fe(CN)2

• Potassium chlorate KClO3

• Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate Ni(NO3)2•6H2O

What is the formula?

• N2O3

• P4O6

• Cl2O

• XeF2

• BrF5

What is the name?

• N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide

• P4O6 tetraphosphorus hexoxide

• Cl2O dichlorine monoxide

• XeF2 xenon difluoride

• BrF5 bromine pentafluoride

What is the name?

• Phosphorus trihydride

• Dinitrogen monoxide

• Bromine monochloride

• Xenon trioxide

• Iodine heptafluoride

What is the formula?

• Phosphorus trihydride PH3

• Dinitrogen monoxide N2O

• Bromine monochloride BrCl

• Xenon trioxide XeO3

• Iodine heptafluoride IF7

What is the formula?

• H3PO4

• H2SO3

• HClO3

• H2CrO4

• HCN

What is the name?

• H3PO4 phosphoric acid

• H2SO3 sulfurous acid

• HClO3 chloric acid

• H2CrO4 chromic acid

• HCN hydrocyanic acid

What is the name?

• Hypochlorous acid

• Hydrobromic acid

• Oxalic acid

• Nitrous acid

• Perchloric acid

What is the formula?

• Hypochlorous acid HClO

• Hydrobromic acid HBr

• Oxalic acid H2C2O4

• Nitrous acid HNO2

• Perchloric acid HClO4

What is the formula?

It’s a puzzlement

• What is the name?

Cu2S

CuS

It’s a puzzlement

• What is the name?

Cu2S

CuS

Do you get it?

It’s a puzzlement

• What is the name?

Cu2S

CuS

Copper (I) sulfide

Copper (II) sulfide

Do you get it?

It’s a puzzlement

• What is the name?

Cu2S

CuS

Copper (I) sulfide

Copper (II) sulfide

Do you get it?

• Oxygen gas

• Calcium metal

• Solid phosphorus

• Fluorine gas

• Argon gas

What is the formula?

• Oxygen gas O2

• Calcium metal Ca(s)

• Solid phosphorus P4

• Fluorine gas F2

• Argon gas Ar

What is the formula?

• Mn(s)

• H2

• I2

• S8

• Br2

What is the name?

• Mn(s) manganese metal

• H2 hydrogen gas

• I2 solid iodine

• S8 solid sulfur

• Br2 liquid bromine

What is the name?

Name these compounds

• Common Name Chemical Formula

• a. Sugar of lead Pb(C2H3O2) 2

• b. Blue vitrol CuSO4

• c. Epsom salts MgSO4•7H2O

• d. Milk of magnesia Mg(OH) 2

• e. Gypsum CaSO4

• f. Laughing gas N2O

Write the formula

• Sulfur difluoride • Sulfur hexafluoride • Sodium dihydrogen

phosphate • Lithium nitride • Chromium (III)

carbonate • Tin (II) fluoride

• Ammonium acetate • Ammonium hydrogen

sulfate • Cobalt (III) nitrate • Mercury (I) chloride • Potassium chlorate • Sodium hydride

What is the name?

NaCl RbBr CsF

AlI3 HI NO

NF3 N2F4 N2Cl2 SiF4

H2Se HNO3 HNO2

H3PO4 H3PO3 NaHSO4 Ca(HSO3)2 Ru(NO3)3 V2O5