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Couplings for SDEs driven by Levy processes and theirapplications
Mateusz Majka
University of Bonn
majka@uni-bonn.de
5th of May 2017, London
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 1 / 46
Levy-driven SDE
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dLt
(Lt)t≥0 pure jump Levy process in Rd
rotationally invariant and absolutely continuous Levy measure
e.g. E exp(i〈z , Lt〉) = exp(−t|z |α), α ∈ (0, 2)
b : Rd → Rd
continuous
∃C ∈ R ∀x , y ∈ Rd : 〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ C |x − y |2(one-sided Lipschitz condition)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 2 / 46
Levy-driven SDE
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dLt
(Lt)t≥0 pure jump Levy process in Rd
rotationally invariant and absolutely continuous Levy measure
e.g. E exp(i〈z , Lt〉) = exp(−t|z |α), α ∈ (0, 2)
b : Rd → Rd
continuous
∃C ∈ R ∀x , y ∈ Rd : 〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ C |x − y |2(one-sided Lipschitz condition)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 2 / 46
Levy-driven SDE
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dLt
(Lt)t≥0 pure jump Levy process in Rd
rotationally invariant and absolutely continuous Levy measure
e.g. E exp(i〈z , Lt〉) = exp(−t|z |α), α ∈ (0, 2)
b : Rd → Rd
continuous
∃C ∈ R ∀x , y ∈ Rd : 〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ C |x − y |2(one-sided Lipschitz condition)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 2 / 46
Levy-driven SDE
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dLt
(Lt)t≥0 pure jump Levy process in Rd
rotationally invariant and absolutely continuous Levy measure
e.g. E exp(i〈z , Lt〉) = exp(−t|z |α), α ∈ (0, 2)
b : Rd → Rd
continuous
∃C ∈ R ∀x , y ∈ Rd : 〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ C |x − y |2(one-sided Lipschitz condition)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 2 / 46
Levy-driven SDE
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dLt
(Lt)t≥0 pure jump Levy process in Rd
rotationally invariant and absolutely continuous Levy measure
e.g. E exp(i〈z , Lt〉) = exp(−t|z |α), α ∈ (0, 2)
b : Rd → Rd
continuous
∃C ∈ R ∀x , y ∈ Rd : 〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ C |x − y |2(one-sided Lipschitz condition)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 2 / 46
Levy-driven SDE
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dLt
(Lt)t≥0 pure jump Levy process in Rd
rotationally invariant and absolutely continuous Levy measure
e.g. E exp(i〈z , Lt〉) = exp(−t|z |α), α ∈ (0, 2)
b : Rd → Rd
continuous
∃C ∈ R ∀x , y ∈ Rd : 〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ C |x − y |2(one-sided Lipschitz condition)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 2 / 46
Levy-driven SDE
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dLt
(Lt)t≥0 pure jump Levy process in Rd
rotationally invariant and absolutely continuous Levy measure
e.g. E exp(i〈z , Lt〉) = exp(−t|z |α), α ∈ (0, 2)
b : Rd → Rd
continuous
∃C ∈ R ∀x , y ∈ Rd : 〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ C |x − y |2(one-sided Lipschitz condition)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 2 / 46
Dissipativity
Global dissipativity condition
There exists K > 0 such that for all x , y ∈ Rd we have〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ −K |x − y |2
Dissipativity at infinity condition
There exist K > 0 and R > 0 such that for all x , y ∈ Rd with |x − y | > Rwe have〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ −K |x − y |2
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 3 / 46
Dissipativity
Global dissipativity condition
There exists K > 0 such that for all x , y ∈ Rd we have〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ −K |x − y |2
Dissipativity at infinity condition
There exist K > 0 and R > 0 such that for all x , y ∈ Rd with |x − y | > Rwe have〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉 ≤ −K |x − y |2
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 3 / 46
Examples
b(x) = −∇U(x)
x
U(x) = M|x |2
global dissipativity
x
U(x) = M(|x |2 − 1)2
dissipativity at infinity
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 4 / 46
Examples
b(x) = −∇U(x)
x
U(x) = M|x |2
global dissipativity
x
U(x) = M(|x |2 − 1)2
dissipativity at infinity
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 4 / 46
Wasserstein distances
Definition
For p ≥ 1, we define the Lp-Wasserstein distance between two probabilitymeasures µ and ν on Rd by the formula
Wp(µ, ν) :=
(inf
π∈Π(µ,ν)
∫Rd
ρ(x , y)pdπ(x , y)
) 1p
,
where ρ is a metric on Rd and Π(µ, ν) is the family of all couplings of µand ν, i.e., π ∈ Π(µ, ν) if and only if π is a measure on R2d having µ andν as its marginals.
p = 1, ρ(x , y) = f (|x − y |) where f : [0,∞)→ [0,∞) is concave,f (0) = 0 and f (x) > 0 for x > 0. Then
Wf (µ, ν) := infπ∈Π(µ,ν)
∫Rd
f (|x − y |)dπ(x , y) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 5 / 46
Wasserstein distances
Definition
For p ≥ 1, we define the Lp-Wasserstein distance between two probabilitymeasures µ and ν on Rd by the formula
Wp(µ, ν) :=
(inf
π∈Π(µ,ν)
∫Rd
ρ(x , y)pdπ(x , y)
) 1p
,
where ρ is a metric on Rd and Π(µ, ν) is the family of all couplings of µand ν, i.e., π ∈ Π(µ, ν) if and only if π is a measure on R2d having µ andν as its marginals.
p = 1, ρ(x , y) = f (|x − y |) where f : [0,∞)→ [0,∞) is concave,f (0) = 0 and f (x) > 0 for x > 0.
Then
Wf (µ, ν) := infπ∈Π(µ,ν)
∫Rd
f (|x − y |)dπ(x , y) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 5 / 46
Wasserstein distances
Definition
For p ≥ 1, we define the Lp-Wasserstein distance between two probabilitymeasures µ and ν on Rd by the formula
Wp(µ, ν) :=
(inf
π∈Π(µ,ν)
∫Rd
ρ(x , y)pdπ(x , y)
) 1p
,
where ρ is a metric on Rd and Π(µ, ν) is the family of all couplings of µand ν, i.e., π ∈ Π(µ, ν) if and only if π is a measure on R2d having µ andν as its marginals.
p = 1, ρ(x , y) = f (|x − y |) where f : [0,∞)→ [0,∞) is concave,f (0) = 0 and f (x) > 0 for x > 0. Then
Wf (µ, ν) := infπ∈Π(µ,ν)
∫Rd
f (|x − y |)dπ(x , y) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 5 / 46
Special cases
Wf (µ, ν) := infπ∈Π(µ,ν)
∫Rd
f (|x − y |)dπ(x , y) .
By taking f (x) = 1(0,∞)(x) we get Wf (µ, ν) = 12‖µ− ν‖TV .
By taking f (x) = x we get Wf (µ, ν) = W1(µ, ν).
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 6 / 46
Special cases
Wf (µ, ν) := infπ∈Π(µ,ν)
∫Rd
f (|x − y |)dπ(x , y) .
By taking f (x) = 1(0,∞)(x) we get Wf (µ, ν) = 12‖µ− ν‖TV .
By taking f (x) = x we get Wf (µ, ν) = W1(µ, ν).
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 6 / 46
Known results
(Xt)t≥0 Markov process with transition semigroup (pt)t≥0
If X0 ∼ µ, then for any t > 0 we have Xt ∼ µpt .Global dissipativity + any noise=⇒ Wp(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ e−c2tWp(µ1, µ2) for any p ∈ [1, 2]
Dissipativity at infinity + some non-degeneracy conditions on thenoise [Kulik, SPA 2009] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Drift of the form b(x) = Ax + F (x), where A is a matrix witheigenvalues γ1, . . . , γn such that maxk Re(γk) < 0 and F is bounded,Holder continuous + symmetric α-stable noise, α ∈ (1, 2), [Priola,Shirikyan, Xu, Zabczyk, SPA 2012] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Dissipativity at infinity + symmetric α-stable component of the noise[J. Wang, Bernoulli 2016] =⇒ Wp(µpt , µ0) ≤ Ce−c2t for anyp ∈ [1, 2]
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 7 / 46
Known results
(Xt)t≥0 Markov process with transition semigroup (pt)t≥0
If X0 ∼ µ, then for any t > 0 we have Xt ∼ µpt .
Global dissipativity + any noise=⇒ Wp(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ e−c2tWp(µ1, µ2) for any p ∈ [1, 2]
Dissipativity at infinity + some non-degeneracy conditions on thenoise [Kulik, SPA 2009] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Drift of the form b(x) = Ax + F (x), where A is a matrix witheigenvalues γ1, . . . , γn such that maxk Re(γk) < 0 and F is bounded,Holder continuous + symmetric α-stable noise, α ∈ (1, 2), [Priola,Shirikyan, Xu, Zabczyk, SPA 2012] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Dissipativity at infinity + symmetric α-stable component of the noise[J. Wang, Bernoulli 2016] =⇒ Wp(µpt , µ0) ≤ Ce−c2t for anyp ∈ [1, 2]
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 7 / 46
Known results
(Xt)t≥0 Markov process with transition semigroup (pt)t≥0
If X0 ∼ µ, then for any t > 0 we have Xt ∼ µpt .Global dissipativity + any noise=⇒ Wp(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ e−c2tWp(µ1, µ2) for any p ∈ [1, 2]
Dissipativity at infinity + some non-degeneracy conditions on thenoise [Kulik, SPA 2009] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Drift of the form b(x) = Ax + F (x), where A is a matrix witheigenvalues γ1, . . . , γn such that maxk Re(γk) < 0 and F is bounded,Holder continuous + symmetric α-stable noise, α ∈ (1, 2), [Priola,Shirikyan, Xu, Zabczyk, SPA 2012] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Dissipativity at infinity + symmetric α-stable component of the noise[J. Wang, Bernoulli 2016] =⇒ Wp(µpt , µ0) ≤ Ce−c2t for anyp ∈ [1, 2]
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 7 / 46
Known results
(Xt)t≥0 Markov process with transition semigroup (pt)t≥0
If X0 ∼ µ, then for any t > 0 we have Xt ∼ µpt .Global dissipativity + any noise=⇒ Wp(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ e−c2tWp(µ1, µ2) for any p ∈ [1, 2]
Dissipativity at infinity + some non-degeneracy conditions on thenoise [Kulik, SPA 2009] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Drift of the form b(x) = Ax + F (x), where A is a matrix witheigenvalues γ1, . . . , γn such that maxk Re(γk) < 0 and F is bounded,Holder continuous + symmetric α-stable noise, α ∈ (1, 2), [Priola,Shirikyan, Xu, Zabczyk, SPA 2012] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Dissipativity at infinity + symmetric α-stable component of the noise[J. Wang, Bernoulli 2016] =⇒ Wp(µpt , µ0) ≤ Ce−c2t for anyp ∈ [1, 2]
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 7 / 46
Known results
(Xt)t≥0 Markov process with transition semigroup (pt)t≥0
If X0 ∼ µ, then for any t > 0 we have Xt ∼ µpt .Global dissipativity + any noise=⇒ Wp(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ e−c2tWp(µ1, µ2) for any p ∈ [1, 2]
Dissipativity at infinity + some non-degeneracy conditions on thenoise [Kulik, SPA 2009] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Drift of the form b(x) = Ax + F (x), where A is a matrix witheigenvalues γ1, . . . , γn such that maxk Re(γk) < 0 and F is bounded,Holder continuous + symmetric α-stable noise, α ∈ (1, 2), [Priola,Shirikyan, Xu, Zabczyk, SPA 2012] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Dissipativity at infinity + symmetric α-stable component of the noise[J. Wang, Bernoulli 2016] =⇒ Wp(µpt , µ0) ≤ Ce−c2t for anyp ∈ [1, 2]
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 7 / 46
Known results
(Xt)t≥0 Markov process with transition semigroup (pt)t≥0
If X0 ∼ µ, then for any t > 0 we have Xt ∼ µpt .Global dissipativity + any noise=⇒ Wp(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ e−c2tWp(µ1, µ2) for any p ∈ [1, 2]
Dissipativity at infinity + some non-degeneracy conditions on thenoise [Kulik, SPA 2009] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Drift of the form b(x) = Ax + F (x), where A is a matrix witheigenvalues γ1, . . . , γn such that maxk Re(γk) < 0 and F is bounded,Holder continuous + symmetric α-stable noise, α ∈ (1, 2), [Priola,Shirikyan, Xu, Zabczyk, SPA 2012] =⇒ ‖µpt − µ0‖TV ≤ Ce−c2t
Dissipativity at infinity + symmetric α-stable component of the noise[J. Wang, Bernoulli 2016] =⇒ Wp(µpt , µ0) ≤ Ce−c2t for anyp ∈ [1, 2]
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 7 / 46
Couplings
Definition
If (Xt)t≥0 is a Markov process in Rd , we call the R2d -valued process(X ′t ,X
′′t )t≥0 a coupling of (Xt)t≥0 if both the marginal processes (X ′t)t≥0
and (X ′′t )t≥0 have the same transition probabilities as (Xt)t≥0, butpossibly different initial distributions.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 8 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 9 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 9 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 9 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 9 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 9 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 9 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 9 / 46
Let (Xt ,Yt)t≥0 be a coupling with X0 ∼ µ and Y0 ∼ ν.
Then for any t ≥ 0 the joint law πt of Xt and Yt is a coupling of the lawsof Xt and Yt (i.e., a coupling of µpt and νpt)and therefore
infπ∈Π(µpt ,νpt)
∫Rd
f (|x−y |)dπ(x , y) ≤∫Rd
f (|x−y |)dπt(x , y) = Ef (|Xt−Yt |)
i.e.,Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ Ef (|Xt − Yt |) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 10 / 46
Let (Xt ,Yt)t≥0 be a coupling with X0 ∼ µ and Y0 ∼ ν.Then for any t ≥ 0 the joint law πt of Xt and Yt is a coupling of the lawsof Xt and Yt (i.e., a coupling of µpt and νpt)
and therefore
infπ∈Π(µpt ,νpt)
∫Rd
f (|x−y |)dπ(x , y) ≤∫Rd
f (|x−y |)dπt(x , y) = Ef (|Xt−Yt |)
i.e.,Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ Ef (|Xt − Yt |) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 10 / 46
Let (Xt ,Yt)t≥0 be a coupling with X0 ∼ µ and Y0 ∼ ν.Then for any t ≥ 0 the joint law πt of Xt and Yt is a coupling of the lawsof Xt and Yt (i.e., a coupling of µpt and νpt)and therefore
infπ∈Π(µpt ,νpt)
∫Rd
f (|x−y |)dπ(x , y) ≤∫Rd
f (|x−y |)dπt(x , y) = Ef (|Xt−Yt |)
i.e.,Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ Ef (|Xt − Yt |) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 10 / 46
Let (Xt ,Yt)t≥0 be a coupling with X0 ∼ µ and Y0 ∼ ν.Then for any t ≥ 0 the joint law πt of Xt and Yt is a coupling of the lawsof Xt and Yt (i.e., a coupling of µpt and νpt)and therefore
infπ∈Π(µpt ,νpt)
∫Rd
f (|x−y |)dπ(x , y) ≤∫Rd
f (|x−y |)dπt(x , y) = Ef (|Xt−Yt |)
i.e.,Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ Ef (|Xt − Yt |) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 10 / 46
Example (coupling by reflection for diffusions)
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dBt
where b : Rd → Rd is locally Lipschitz and (Bt)t≥0 is a Brownian motionin Rd ;
dYt = b(Yt) + R(Xt ,Yt)dBt ,where
R(Xt ,Yt) = I − 2eteTt with et = (Xt − Yt)/|Xt − Yt | .
then (Xt ,Yt)t≥0 form a coupling [Lindvall, Rogers 1986].
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 11 / 46
Results in the diffusion case
Using the coupling by reflection for diffusions, we can construct acontinuous, concave function f and a constant c > 0 such that for thesemigroup (pt)t≥0 associated with the solution to the equation
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dBt ,
satisfying the dissipativity at infinity condition, we have
Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ e−ctWf (µ, ν) .
Since C−1x ≤ f (x) ≤ x , we get
W1(µpt , νpt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ, ν) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 12 / 46
Results in the diffusion case
Using the coupling by reflection for diffusions, we can construct acontinuous, concave function f and a constant c > 0 such that for thesemigroup (pt)t≥0 associated with the solution to the equation
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dBt ,
satisfying the dissipativity at infinity condition, we have
Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ e−ctWf (µ, ν) .
Since C−1x ≤ f (x) ≤ x , we get
W1(µpt , νpt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ, ν) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 12 / 46
The function f is extended in an affine way from some point R1 > 0
f (R1)
0
f
R1
C−1xC−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
Thus from
C−1W1(µpt , νpt) ≤Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ e−ctWf (µ, ν) ≤ e−ctW1(µ, ν)
we getW1(µpt , νpt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ, ν) .
See [Eberle 2016, PTRF] for details.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 13 / 46
The function f is extended in an affine way from some point R1 > 0
f (R1)
0
f
R1
C−1x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
Thus from
C−1W1(µpt , νpt) ≤Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ e−ctWf (µ, ν) ≤ e−ctW1(µ, ν)
we getW1(µpt , νpt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ, ν) .
See [Eberle 2016, PTRF] for details.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 13 / 46
The function f is extended in an affine way from some point R1 > 0
f (R1)
0
f
R1
C−1x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
Thus from
C−1W1(µpt , νpt) ≤Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ e−ctWf (µ, ν) ≤ e−ctW1(µ, ν)
we getW1(µpt , νpt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ, ν) .
See [Eberle 2016, PTRF] for details.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 13 / 46
The function f is extended in an affine way from some point R1 > 0
f (R1)
0
f
R1
C−1xC−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
Thus from
C−1W1(µpt , νpt) ≤Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ e−ctWf (µ, ν) ≤ e−ctW1(µ, ν)
we getW1(µpt , νpt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ, ν) .
See [Eberle 2016, PTRF] for details.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 13 / 46
The function f is extended in an affine way from some point R1 > 0
f (R1)
0
f
R1
C−1xC−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
Thus from
C−1W1(µpt , νpt) ≤Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ e−ctWf (µ, ν) ≤ e−ctW1(µ, ν)
we getW1(µpt , νpt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ, ν) .
See [Eberle 2016, PTRF] for details.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 13 / 46
The function f is extended in an affine way from some point R1 > 0
f (R1)
0
f
R1
C−1xC−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
C−1x
x
Thus from
C−1W1(µpt , νpt) ≤Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ e−ctWf (µ, ν) ≤ e−ctW1(µ, ν)
we getW1(µpt , νpt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ, ν) .
See [Eberle 2016, PTRF] for details.Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 13 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 14 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 14 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 14 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 14 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 14 / 46
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Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 14 / 46
x
y
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 14 / 46
x
y
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 14 / 46
x
y
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 14 / 46
Optimal transport
Monge problem: Given a measure µ on S and a cost functionc : S × S → [0,∞], find a map T : S → S minimizing∫
c(x ,T (x))µ(dx) .
Kantorovich problem: Given two measures µ and ν on S and a costfunction c : S × S → [0,∞], find a coupling γ ∈ Π(µ, ν) minimizing∫
c(x , y)γ(dx dy) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 15 / 46
Optimal transport
Monge problem: Given a measure µ on S and a cost functionc : S × S → [0,∞], find a map T : S → S minimizing∫
c(x ,T (x))µ(dx) .
Kantorovich problem: Given two measures µ and ν on S and a costfunction c : S × S → [0,∞], find a coupling γ ∈ Π(µ, ν) minimizing∫
c(x , y)γ(dx dy) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 15 / 46
Optimal transport
Monge problem: Given a measure µ on S and a cost functionc : S × S → [0,∞], find a map T : S → S minimizing∫
c(x ,T (x))µ(dx) .
Kantorovich problem: Given two measures µ and ν on S and a costfunction c : S × S → [0,∞], find a coupling γ ∈ Π(µ, ν) minimizing∫
c(x , y)γ(dx dy) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 15 / 46
Coupling by antimonotone rearrangement [McCann ’1999]
µ
ν
ν = µ T−1
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 16 / 46
Coupling by antimonotone rearrangement [McCann ’1999]
µ ν
ν = µ T−1
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 16 / 46
Coupling by antimonotone rearrangement [McCann ’1999]
µ ν
ν = µ T−1
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 16 / 46
Coupling by antimonotone rearrangement [McCann ’1999]
µ ν
ν = µ T−1
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 16 / 46
Coupling by antimonotone rearrangement [McCann ’1999]
µ ν
ν = µ T−1
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 16 / 46
Coupling by antimonotone rearrangement [McCann ’1999]
µ ν
ν = µ T−1
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 16 / 46
Coupling by reflection
µ µ
µ = µ T−1
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 17 / 46
Mirror coupling [Hsu, Sturm ’2013]
Assume we have symmetric transition densities (p(x , ·))x∈R.How to couple p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) for x1 6= x2?For two symmetric transition densities p(x1, ·), p(x2, ·) on R, the mirrorcoupling m(x1, x2, ·) is the optimal coupling for all concave costs φ, i.e.,for any other coupling γ(x1, x2, ·) of p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) we have∫
R2
φ(|x − y |)γ(dx dy) ≥∫R2
φ(|x − y |)m(dx dy) .
Consider an R-valued random variable ζ1 with the density p(x1, ·).We want to construct a coupling (ζ1, ζ2) by defining the random variableζ2 in an appropriate way (so that it has the density p(x2, ·)).
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 18 / 46
Mirror coupling [Hsu, Sturm ’2013]
Assume we have symmetric transition densities (p(x , ·))x∈R.
How to couple p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) for x1 6= x2?For two symmetric transition densities p(x1, ·), p(x2, ·) on R, the mirrorcoupling m(x1, x2, ·) is the optimal coupling for all concave costs φ, i.e.,for any other coupling γ(x1, x2, ·) of p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) we have∫
R2
φ(|x − y |)γ(dx dy) ≥∫R2
φ(|x − y |)m(dx dy) .
Consider an R-valued random variable ζ1 with the density p(x1, ·).We want to construct a coupling (ζ1, ζ2) by defining the random variableζ2 in an appropriate way (so that it has the density p(x2, ·)).
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 18 / 46
Mirror coupling [Hsu, Sturm ’2013]
Assume we have symmetric transition densities (p(x , ·))x∈R.How to couple p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) for x1 6= x2?
For two symmetric transition densities p(x1, ·), p(x2, ·) on R, the mirrorcoupling m(x1, x2, ·) is the optimal coupling for all concave costs φ, i.e.,for any other coupling γ(x1, x2, ·) of p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) we have∫
R2
φ(|x − y |)γ(dx dy) ≥∫R2
φ(|x − y |)m(dx dy) .
Consider an R-valued random variable ζ1 with the density p(x1, ·).We want to construct a coupling (ζ1, ζ2) by defining the random variableζ2 in an appropriate way (so that it has the density p(x2, ·)).
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 18 / 46
Mirror coupling [Hsu, Sturm ’2013]
Assume we have symmetric transition densities (p(x , ·))x∈R.How to couple p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) for x1 6= x2?For two symmetric transition densities p(x1, ·), p(x2, ·) on R, the mirrorcoupling m(x1, x2, ·) is the optimal coupling for all concave costs φ, i.e.,for any other coupling γ(x1, x2, ·) of p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) we have∫
R2
φ(|x − y |)γ(dx dy) ≥∫R2
φ(|x − y |)m(dx dy) .
Consider an R-valued random variable ζ1 with the density p(x1, ·).We want to construct a coupling (ζ1, ζ2) by defining the random variableζ2 in an appropriate way (so that it has the density p(x2, ·)).
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 18 / 46
Mirror coupling [Hsu, Sturm ’2013]
Assume we have symmetric transition densities (p(x , ·))x∈R.How to couple p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) for x1 6= x2?For two symmetric transition densities p(x1, ·), p(x2, ·) on R, the mirrorcoupling m(x1, x2, ·) is the optimal coupling for all concave costs φ, i.e.,for any other coupling γ(x1, x2, ·) of p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) we have∫
R2
φ(|x − y |)γ(dx dy) ≥∫R2
φ(|x − y |)m(dx dy) .
Consider an R-valued random variable ζ1 with the density p(x1, ·).
We want to construct a coupling (ζ1, ζ2) by defining the random variableζ2 in an appropriate way (so that it has the density p(x2, ·)).
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 18 / 46
Mirror coupling [Hsu, Sturm ’2013]
Assume we have symmetric transition densities (p(x , ·))x∈R.How to couple p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) for x1 6= x2?For two symmetric transition densities p(x1, ·), p(x2, ·) on R, the mirrorcoupling m(x1, x2, ·) is the optimal coupling for all concave costs φ, i.e.,for any other coupling γ(x1, x2, ·) of p(x1, ·) and p(x2, ·) we have∫
R2
φ(|x − y |)γ(dx dy) ≥∫R2
φ(|x − y |)m(dx dy) .
Consider an R-valued random variable ζ1 with the density p(x1, ·).We want to construct a coupling (ζ1, ζ2) by defining the random variableζ2 in an appropriate way (so that it has the density p(x2, ·)).
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 18 / 46
x1 x2
p(x1, ·) p(x2, ·)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
p(x2, z1)/p(x1, z1) ∈ (0, 1)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = ζ1|ζ1 = z1) =p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = x1 + x2 − ζ1|ζ1 = z1) = 1− p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 19 / 46
x1 x2
p(x1, ·) p(x2, ·)
z1
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
p(x2, z1)/p(x1, z1) ∈ (0, 1)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = ζ1|ζ1 = z1) =p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = x1 + x2 − ζ1|ζ1 = z1) = 1− p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 19 / 46
x1 x2
p(x1, ·) p(x2, ·)
z1
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
p(x2, z1)/p(x1, z1) ∈ (0, 1)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = ζ1|ζ1 = z1) =p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = x1 + x2 − ζ1|ζ1 = z1) = 1− p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 19 / 46
x1 x2
p(x1, ·) p(x2, ·)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
p(x2, z1)/p(x1, z1) ∈ (0, 1)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = ζ1|ζ1 = z1) =p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = x1 + x2 − ζ1|ζ1 = z1) = 1− p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 19 / 46
x1 x2
p(x1, ·) p(x2, ·)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
p(x2, z1)/p(x1, z1) ∈ (0, 1)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = ζ1|ζ1 = z1) =p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = x1 + x2 − ζ1|ζ1 = z1) = 1− p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 19 / 46
x1 x2
p(x1, ·) p(x2, ·)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
p(x2, z1)/p(x1, z1) ∈ (0, 1)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = ζ1|ζ1 = z1) =p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = x1 + x2 − ζ1|ζ1 = z1) = 1− p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 19 / 46
x1 x2
p(x1, ·) p(x2, ·)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
p(x2, z1)/p(x1, z1) ∈ (0, 1)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = ζ1|ζ1 = z1) =p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = x1 + x2 − ζ1|ζ1 = z1) = 1− p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 19 / 46
x1 x2
p(x1, ·) p(x2, ·)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
p(x2, z1)/p(x1, z1) ∈ (0, 1)
z1
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = ζ1|ζ1 = z1) =p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = x1 + x2 − ζ1|ζ1 = z1) = 1− p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 19 / 46
x1 x2
p(x1, ·) p(x2, ·)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
p(x2, z1)/p(x1, z1) ∈ (0, 1)
z1
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = ζ1|ζ1 = z1) =p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = x1 + x2 − ζ1|ζ1 = z1) = 1− p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 19 / 46
x1 x2
p(x1, ·) p(x2, ·)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1
p(x2, z1) = 0
z1z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
p(x2, z1)/p(x1, z1) ∈ (0, 1)
z1z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
z1
p(x2, z1) > p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = ζ1|ζ1 = z1) =p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
P(ζ2 = x1 + x2 − ζ1|ζ1 = z1) = 1− p(x1, z1) ∧ p(x2, z1)
p(x1, z1)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 19 / 46
The coupling m(x1, x2, ·) (as a measure on R2 with marginals p(x1, ·) andp(x2, ·)) is given by
m(x1, x2, dy1, dy2) = δy1(dy2) (p(x1, y1) ∧ p(x2, y1)) dy1
+ δRy1(dy2) (p(x1, y1)− p(x1, y1) ∧ p(x2, y1)) dy1
whereRy1 = x1 + x2 − y1 .
It is crucial that the densities (p(x , ·))x∈R are symmetric, in particular wehave
p(x1, y1) = p(x2,Ry1) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 20 / 46
The coupling m(x1, x2, ·) (as a measure on R2 with marginals p(x1, ·) andp(x2, ·)) is given by
m(x1, x2, dy1, dy2) = δy1(dy2) (p(x1, y1) ∧ p(x2, y1)) dy1
+ δRy1(dy2) (p(x1, y1)− p(x1, y1) ∧ p(x2, y1)) dy1
whereRy1 = x1 + x2 − y1 .
It is crucial that the densities (p(x , ·))x∈R are symmetric, in particular wehave
p(x1, y1) = p(x2,Ry1) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 20 / 46
Coupling construction in the Levy case
By the Levy-Ito decomposition,
Lt =
∫ t
0
∫|v |>1
vN(dv , ds) +
∫ t
0
∫|v |≤1
vN(dv , ds)
where N(dv , dt) = N(dv , dt)− ν(dv)dt is the compensated Poissonrandom measure and ν is the Levy (jump) measure of (Lt)t≥0.
We have
N([0, t],A)(ω) =∞∑j=1
δ(τj (ω),ξj (ω))([0, t]× A) for all ω ∈ Ω and A ∈ B(Rd)
We can embed N in R+ × Rd × [0, 1] by replacing each ξj with (ξj , ηj)where ηj is a uniformly distributed random variable on [0, 1]. We will write
Lt =
∫ t
0
∫|v |>1×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, ds) +
∫ t
0
∫|v |≤1×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, ds) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 21 / 46
Coupling construction in the Levy case
By the Levy-Ito decomposition,
Lt =
∫ t
0
∫|v |>1
vN(dv , ds) +
∫ t
0
∫|v |≤1
vN(dv , ds)
where N(dv , dt) = N(dv , dt)− ν(dv)dt is the compensated Poissonrandom measure and ν is the Levy (jump) measure of (Lt)t≥0. We have
N([0, t],A)(ω) =∞∑j=1
δ(τj (ω),ξj (ω))([0, t]× A) for all ω ∈ Ω and A ∈ B(Rd)
We can embed N in R+ × Rd × [0, 1] by replacing each ξj with (ξj , ηj)where ηj is a uniformly distributed random variable on [0, 1]. We will write
Lt =
∫ t
0
∫|v |>1×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, ds) +
∫ t
0
∫|v |≤1×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, ds) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 21 / 46
Coupling construction in the Levy case
By the Levy-Ito decomposition,
Lt =
∫ t
0
∫|v |>1
vN(dv , ds) +
∫ t
0
∫|v |≤1
vN(dv , ds)
where N(dv , dt) = N(dv , dt)− ν(dv)dt is the compensated Poissonrandom measure and ν is the Levy (jump) measure of (Lt)t≥0. We have
N([0, t],A)(ω) =∞∑j=1
δ(τj (ω),ξj (ω))([0, t]× A) for all ω ∈ Ω and A ∈ B(Rd)
We can embed N in R+ × Rd × [0, 1] by replacing each ξj with (ξj , ηj)where ηj is a uniformly distributed random variable on [0, 1].
We will write
Lt =
∫ t
0
∫|v |>1×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, ds) +
∫ t
0
∫|v |≤1×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, ds) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 21 / 46
Coupling construction in the Levy case
By the Levy-Ito decomposition,
Lt =
∫ t
0
∫|v |>1
vN(dv , ds) +
∫ t
0
∫|v |≤1
vN(dv , ds)
where N(dv , dt) = N(dv , dt)− ν(dv)dt is the compensated Poissonrandom measure and ν is the Levy (jump) measure of (Lt)t≥0. We have
N([0, t],A)(ω) =∞∑j=1
δ(τj (ω),ξj (ω))([0, t]× A) for all ω ∈ Ω and A ∈ B(Rd)
We can embed N in R+ × Rd × [0, 1] by replacing each ξj with (ξj , ηj)where ηj is a uniformly distributed random variable on [0, 1]. We will write
Lt =
∫ t
0
∫|v |>1×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, ds) +
∫ t
0
∫|v |≤1×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, ds) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 21 / 46
Xt− Yt−
Xt
v
Xt
v
YtXt
v
Yt−
Xt
v
Yt
u ≥ ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Xt
v
Yt−
u < ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 22 / 46
Xt− Yt−
Xt
v
Xt
v
YtXt
v
Yt−
Xt
v
Yt
u ≥ ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Xt
v
Yt−
u < ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 22 / 46
Xt− Yt−
Xt
v
Xt
v
Yt
Xt
v
Yt−
Xt
v
Yt
u ≥ ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Xt
v
Yt−
u < ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 22 / 46
Xt− Yt−
Xt
v
Xt
v
Yt
Xt
v
Yt−
Xt
v
Yt
u ≥ ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Xt
v
Yt−
u < ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 22 / 46
Xt− Yt−
Xt
v
Xt
v
YtXt
v
Yt−
Xt
v
Yt
u ≥ ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Xt
v
Yt−
u < ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 22 / 46
Xt− Yt−
Xt
v
Xt
v
YtXt
v
Yt−
Xt
v
Yt
u ≥ ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Xt
v
Yt−
u < ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 22 / 46
ν(dv) = q(v)dv
Xt− Yt−
q(· − Xt−) q(· − Yt−)
v
q(v + Xt− − Yt−)
q(v) = q(v + Xt− − Xt−)
ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−) =q(v + Xt− − Yt−) ∧ q(v)
q(v)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 23 / 46
ν(dv) = q(v)dv
Xt− Yt−
q(· − Xt−) q(· − Yt−)
v
q(v + Xt− − Yt−)
q(v) = q(v + Xt− − Xt−)
ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−) =q(v + Xt− − Yt−) ∧ q(v)
q(v)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 23 / 46
ν(dv) = q(v)dv
Xt− Yt−
q(· − Xt−) q(· − Yt−)
v
q(v + Xt− − Yt−)
q(v) = q(v + Xt− − Xt−)
ρ(v ,Xt− − Yt−) =q(v + Xt− − Yt−) ∧ q(v)
q(v)
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 23 / 46
We can write the equation
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dLt
as
dXt = b(Xt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, dt)
and we can construct the process (Yt)t≥0 by setting
dYt = b(Yt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
(Xt− − Yt− + v)1u<ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
+
∫Rd×[0,1]
R(Xt−,Yt−)v1u≥ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
where R(Xt ,Yt) = I − 2eteTt with et = (Xt − Yt)/|Xt − Yt | and ρ is a
function with values in [0, 1].
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 24 / 46
We can write the equation
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dLt
as
dXt = b(Xt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, dt)
and we can construct the process (Yt)t≥0 by setting
dYt = b(Yt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
(Xt− − Yt− + v)1u<ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
+
∫Rd×[0,1]
R(Xt−,Yt−)v1u≥ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
where R(Xt ,Yt) = I − 2eteTt with et = (Xt − Yt)/|Xt − Yt | and ρ is a
function with values in [0, 1].
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 24 / 46
The system of equations:
dXt = b(Xt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, dt)
dYt = b(Yt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
(Xt− − Yt− + v)1u<ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
+
∫Rd×[0,1]
R(Xt−,Yt−)v1u≥ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
has a solution
the solution is a coupling
Then we look for a concave function f such that
Ef (|Xt − Yt |) ≤ Ef (|X0 − Y0|)− c
∫ t
0f (|Xs − Ys |)ds
and thus
Wf (µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ Ef (|Xt − Yt |) ≤ Ef (|X0 − Y0|)e−ct
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 25 / 46
The system of equations:
dXt = b(Xt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, dt)
dYt = b(Yt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
(Xt− − Yt− + v)1u<ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
+
∫Rd×[0,1]
R(Xt−,Yt−)v1u≥ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
has a solution
the solution is a coupling
Then we look for a concave function f such that
Ef (|Xt − Yt |) ≤ Ef (|X0 − Y0|)− c
∫ t
0f (|Xs − Ys |)ds
and thus
Wf (µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ Ef (|Xt − Yt |) ≤ Ef (|X0 − Y0|)e−ct
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 25 / 46
The system of equations:
dXt = b(Xt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, dt)
dYt = b(Yt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
(Xt− − Yt− + v)1u<ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
+
∫Rd×[0,1]
R(Xt−,Yt−)v1u≥ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
has a solution
the solution is a coupling
Then we look for a concave function f such that
Ef (|Xt − Yt |) ≤ Ef (|X0 − Y0|)− c
∫ t
0f (|Xs − Ys |)ds
and thus
Wf (µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ Ef (|Xt − Yt |) ≤ Ef (|X0 − Y0|)e−ct
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 25 / 46
The system of equations:
dXt = b(Xt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, dt)
dYt = b(Yt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
(Xt− − Yt− + v)1u<ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
+
∫Rd×[0,1]
R(Xt−,Yt−)v1u≥ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
has a solution
the solution is a coupling
Then we look for a concave function f such that
Ef (|Xt − Yt |) ≤ Ef (|X0 − Y0|)− c
∫ t
0f (|Xs − Ys |)ds
and thus
Wf (µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ Ef (|Xt − Yt |) ≤ Ef (|X0 − Y0|)e−ct
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 25 / 46
The system of equations:
dXt = b(Xt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
vN(dv , du, dt)
dYt = b(Yt)dt +
∫Rd×[0,1]
(Xt− − Yt− + v)1u<ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
+
∫Rd×[0,1]
R(Xt−,Yt−)v1u≥ρ(v ,Xt−−Yt−)N(dt, dv , du)
has a solution
the solution is a coupling
Then we look for a concave function f such that
Ef (|Xt − Yt |) ≤ Ef (|X0 − Y0|)− c
∫ t
0f (|Xs − Ys |)ds
and thus
Wf (µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ Ef (|Xt − Yt |) ≤ Ef (|X0 − Y0|)e−ct
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 25 / 46
f = a1(0,∞) + f1
where a is a positive constant and f1 is defined as a concave, strictlyincreasing C 2 function up to some R1 > 0 and from f (R1) is extended inan affine way.
f (R1)
a
0
f1
R1
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 26 / 46
f = a1(0,∞) + f1
where a is a positive constant and f1 is defined as a concave, strictlyincreasing C 2 function up to some R1 > 0 and from f (R1) is extended inan affine way.
f (R1)
a
0
f1
R1
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 26 / 46
Then1(0,∞)(x) ≤ a−1f (x) and x ≤ Cf (x)
for some C > 0 and for all x ≥ 0.
f (R1)
a
0
f1
f (x)
a1(0,∞)(x)C−1x
R1
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
‖µ1pt − µ2pt‖TV ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 27 / 46
Then1(0,∞)(x) ≤ a−1f (x) and x ≤ Cf (x)
for some C > 0 and for all x ≥ 0.
f (R1)
a
0
f1
f (x)
a1(0,∞)(x)C−1x
R1
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
‖µ1pt − µ2pt‖TV ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 27 / 46
Then1(0,∞)(x) ≤ a−1f (x) and x ≤ Cf (x)
for some C > 0 and for all x ≥ 0.
f (R1)
a
0
f1
f (x)
a1(0,∞)(x)
C−1x
R1
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
‖µ1pt − µ2pt‖TV ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 27 / 46
Then1(0,∞)(x) ≤ a−1f (x) and x ≤ Cf (x)
for some C > 0 and for all x ≥ 0.
f (R1)
a
0
f1
f (x)
a1(0,∞)(x)
C−1x
R1
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
‖µ1pt − µ2pt‖TV ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 27 / 46
Assumption 1
The Levy measure ν is rotationally invariant, i.e.
ν(AB) = ν(B)
for any Borel set B ∈ B(Rd) and any d × d orthogonal matrix A.
Assumption 2
ν is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure on Rd ,i.e.,
ν(dv) = q(v)dv .
Assumption 3
There exist constants m, δ > 0 such that δ < 2m and
infx∈Rd :0<|x |≤δ
∫|v |≤m∩|v+x |≤m
q(v) ∧ q(v + x)dv > 0 .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 28 / 46
Assumption 4
There exists a constant ε > 0 such that ε ≤ δ and∫|v |≤ε/2
q(v)dv > 0 .
Then we obtain
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
‖µ1pt − µ2pt‖TV ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
Assumption 5
ε/(∫ ε
0|y |2ν1(dy)
)bounded as ε→ 0 ,
where ν1 is the first marginal of the rotationally invariant measure ν.
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ1, µ2) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 29 / 46
Assumption 4
There exists a constant ε > 0 such that ε ≤ δ and∫|v |≤ε/2
q(v)dv > 0 .
Then we obtain
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
‖µ1pt − µ2pt‖TV ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
Assumption 5
ε/(∫ ε
0|y |2ν1(dy)
)bounded as ε→ 0 ,
where ν1 is the first marginal of the rotationally invariant measure ν.
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ1, µ2) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 29 / 46
Assumption 4
There exists a constant ε > 0 such that ε ≤ δ and∫|v |≤ε/2
q(v)dv > 0 .
Then we obtain
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
‖µ1pt − µ2pt‖TV ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
Assumption 5
ε/(∫ ε
0|y |2ν1(dy)
)bounded as ε→ 0 ,
where ν1 is the first marginal of the rotationally invariant measure ν.
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ1, µ2) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 29 / 46
Assumption 4
There exists a constant ε > 0 such that ε ≤ δ and∫|v |≤ε/2
q(v)dv > 0 .
Then we obtain
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
‖µ1pt − µ2pt‖TV ≤ C (µ1, µ2)e−ct
Assumption 5
ε/(∫ ε
0|y |2ν1(dy)
)bounded as ε→ 0 ,
where ν1 is the first marginal of the rotationally invariant measure ν.
W1(µ1pt , µ2pt) ≤ Ce−ctW1(µ1, µ2) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 29 / 46
Some extensions
Consider the equation
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dB1t + σ(Xt)dB
2t + dLt +
∫Ug(Xt−, u)N(dt, du) ,
where all the sources of noise are independent and there exist constants K ,R > 0 such that
〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉+ ‖σ(x)− σ(y)‖2HS +
∫U|g(x , u)− g(y , u)|2ν(du)
≤ −K |x − y |2 ,
for all x , y ∈ Rd with |x − y | > R.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 30 / 46
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dB1t + σ(Xt)dB
2t + dLt +
∫Ug(Xt−, u)N(dt, du) ,
We apply the coupling from [M. ’2015] to (Lt)t≥0, by using the operatorM(·, ·), reflection coupling from [Lindvall, Rogers ’1986] to (B1
t )t≥0 andsynchronous coupling to the other two noises. Hence we have
dYt = b(Yt)dt + R(Xt ,Yt)dB1t + σ(Yt)dB
2t
+ M(Xt−,Yt−)dLt +
∫Ug(Yt−, u)N(dt, du) .
This allows us to get
Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ e−ctWf (µ, ν) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 31 / 46
dXt = b(Xt)dt + dB1t + σ(Xt)dB
2t + dLt +
∫Ug(Xt−, u)N(dt, du) ,
We apply the coupling from [M. ’2015] to (Lt)t≥0, by using the operatorM(·, ·), reflection coupling from [Lindvall, Rogers ’1986] to (B1
t )t≥0 andsynchronous coupling to the other two noises. Hence we have
dYt = b(Yt)dt + R(Xt ,Yt)dB1t + σ(Yt)dB
2t
+ M(Xt−,Yt−)dLt +
∫Ug(Yt−, u)N(dt, du) .
This allows us to get
Wf (µpt , νpt) ≤ e−ctWf (µ, ν) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 31 / 46
Transportation inequalities
Definition
We define the relative entropy (Kullback-Leibler information) of µ1 withrespect to µ2 by
H(µ1|µ2) :=
∫log dµ1
dµ2dµ1 if µ1 µ2 ,
+∞ otherwise .
Definition
Let α be a non-decreasing, left continuous function on R+ with α(0) = 0.We say that a probability measure µ satisfies a W1H-inequality withdeviation function α (or simply α-W1H inequality) if for any probabilitymeasure η we have
α(W1(η, µ)) ≤ H(η|µ) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 32 / 46
Theorem [Gozlan-Leonard, PTRF 2007]
Let α : R+ → R+ be a deviation function like above. The followingproperties are equivalent:
1 the α-W1H inequality holds for the probability measure µ,
2 for every f : Rd → R bounded and Lipschitz with ‖f ‖Lip ≤ 1 we have∫eλ(f−µ(f ))dµ ≤ eα
∗(λ) for any λ > 0 ,
where α∗(λ) := supr≥0(rλ− α(r)) is the semi-Legendretransformation (convex conjugate) of α,
3 if (ξk)k≥1 is a sequence of i.i.d Rd -valued random variables withcommon law µ, then for every f : Rd → R bounded and Lipschitzwith ‖f ‖Lip ≤ 1 we have
P
(1
n
n∑k=1
f (ξk)− µ(f ) > r
)≤ e−nα(r) for any r > 0, n ≥ 1 .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 33 / 46
Consider the equation
dXt = b(Xt)dt + σ(Xt)dWt +
∫Ug(Xt−, u)N(dt, du) .
Assume there is a function g∞ on U s.t. |g(x , u)| ≤ g∞(u) for all x ∈ Rd ,u ∈ U and there is a constant σ∞ s.t. ‖σ(x)‖HS ≤ σ∞ for all x ∈ Rd .Assume further that there exists λ > 0 such that
β(λ) :=
∫U
(eλg∞(u) − λg∞(u)− 1)ν(du) <∞
where ν is the intensity measure associated with N.Finally, suppose that there exists K > 0 s.t. for all x , y ∈ Rd
〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉+ ‖σ(x)− σ(y)‖2HS +
∫U|g(x , u)− g(y , u)|2ν(du)
≤ −K |x − y |2
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 34 / 46
Consider the equation
dXt = b(Xt)dt + σ(Xt)dWt +
∫Ug(Xt−, u)N(dt, du) .
Assume there is a function g∞ on U s.t. |g(x , u)| ≤ g∞(u) for all x ∈ Rd ,u ∈ U and there is a constant σ∞ s.t. ‖σ(x)‖HS ≤ σ∞ for all x ∈ Rd .
Assume further that there exists λ > 0 such that
β(λ) :=
∫U
(eλg∞(u) − λg∞(u)− 1)ν(du) <∞
where ν is the intensity measure associated with N.Finally, suppose that there exists K > 0 s.t. for all x , y ∈ Rd
〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉+ ‖σ(x)− σ(y)‖2HS +
∫U|g(x , u)− g(y , u)|2ν(du)
≤ −K |x − y |2
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 34 / 46
Consider the equation
dXt = b(Xt)dt + σ(Xt)dWt +
∫Ug(Xt−, u)N(dt, du) .
Assume there is a function g∞ on U s.t. |g(x , u)| ≤ g∞(u) for all x ∈ Rd ,u ∈ U and there is a constant σ∞ s.t. ‖σ(x)‖HS ≤ σ∞ for all x ∈ Rd .Assume further that there exists λ > 0 such that
β(λ) :=
∫U
(eλg∞(u) − λg∞(u)− 1)ν(du) <∞
where ν is the intensity measure associated with N.
Finally, suppose that there exists K > 0 s.t. for all x , y ∈ Rd
〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉+ ‖σ(x)− σ(y)‖2HS +
∫U|g(x , u)− g(y , u)|2ν(du)
≤ −K |x − y |2
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 34 / 46
Consider the equation
dXt = b(Xt)dt + σ(Xt)dWt +
∫Ug(Xt−, u)N(dt, du) .
Assume there is a function g∞ on U s.t. |g(x , u)| ≤ g∞(u) for all x ∈ Rd ,u ∈ U and there is a constant σ∞ s.t. ‖σ(x)‖HS ≤ σ∞ for all x ∈ Rd .Assume further that there exists λ > 0 such that
β(λ) :=
∫U
(eλg∞(u) − λg∞(u)− 1)ν(du) <∞
where ν is the intensity measure associated with N.Finally, suppose that there exists K > 0 s.t. for all x , y ∈ Rd
〈b(x)− b(y), x − y〉+ ‖σ(x)− σ(y)‖2HS +
∫U|g(x , u)− g(y , u)|2ν(du)
≤ −K |x − y |2
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 34 / 46
Theorem [Wu, AIHP 2010], [Ma, SPA 2010]
Under the above assumptions for any T > 0 and any x ∈ Rd we have theW1H transportation inequality with deviation function αT for the measureδxpT , which is the law of the random variable XT (x), where (Xt(x))t≥0 isa solution to
dXt = b(Xt)dt + σ(Xt)dWt +
∫Ug(Xt−, u)N(dt, du)
starting from x , i.e., we have
αT (W1(η, δxpT )) ≤ H(η|δxpT )
for any probability measure η on Rd .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 35 / 46
Malliavin calculus
Consider a probability space (Ω,F , (Ft)t≥0,P) with a Brownian motion(Wt)t≥0 and a Poisson random measure N. For smooth random variablesF we have∫ t
0〈∇sF , hs〉ds = lim
ε→0
1
ε
(F (W· + ε
∫ ·0hsds)− F (W·)
)where the process (∇tF )t≥0 is the Malliavin derivative of F with respectto the underlying Brownian motion.
Let N =∑∞
j=1 δ(τj ,ξj ). Then for any random variable F we define
Dt,uF = F (N + δ(t,u))− F (N)
which is the Malliavin derivative of F with respect to N.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 36 / 46
Malliavin calculus
Consider a probability space (Ω,F , (Ft)t≥0,P) with a Brownian motion(Wt)t≥0 and a Poisson random measure N. For smooth random variablesF we have∫ t
0〈∇sF , hs〉ds = lim
ε→0
1
ε
(F (W· + ε
∫ ·0hsds)− F (W·)
)where the process (∇tF )t≥0 is the Malliavin derivative of F with respectto the underlying Brownian motion.Let N =
∑∞j=1 δ(τj ,ξj ). Then for any random variable F we define
Dt,uF = F (N + δ(t,u))− F (N)
which is the Malliavin derivative of F with respect to N.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 36 / 46
Clark-Ocone formula
Theorem
Assume that F is such that
E∫ T
0|∇tF |2dt + E
∫ T
0
∫U|Dt,uF |2ν(du)dt <∞ .
Then
F = EF +
∫ T
0E[∇tF |Ft ]dWt +
∫ T
0
∫UE[Dt,uF |Ft ]N(dt, du) .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 37 / 46
Lemma [Wu, AIHP 2010 and Ma, SPA 2010]
If there exists h : [0,T ]× U → R such that∫ T
0
∫U h(t, u)2ν(du)dt <∞
andE[Dt,uF |Ft ] ≤ h(t, u)
and there exists g : [0,T ]→ Rm such that∫ T
0 |g(t)|2dt <∞ and
|E[∇tF |Ft ]| ≤ |g(t)|
then for any C 2 convex function φ : R→ R such that φ′ is also convex, wehave
Eφ(F − EF ) ≤ Eφ(∫ T
0
∫Uh(t, u)N(dt, du) +
∫ T
0g(t)dWt
).
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 38 / 46
In particular, for any λ > 0 we have
Eeλ(F−EF ) ≤ exp
(∫ T
0
∫U
(eλh(t,u) − λh(t, u)− 1)ν(du)dt
+
∫ T
0
1
2|g(t)|2dt
)
But by the Gozlan-Leonard lemma we know that∫eλ(f−µ(f ))dµ ≤ eα
∗(λ) for any λ > 0 ,
implies α-W1H.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 39 / 46
Obtaining bounds for Malliavin derivatives
Consider the solution (Xt(x))t≥0 to
dXt = b(Xt)dt + σ(Xt)dWt +
∫Ug(Xt−, u)N(dt, du)
with initial condition x ∈ Rd as a functional of the underlying Poissonrandom measure N. Then define
X (t,u)(x ,N(ω)) := X (x ,N(ω) + δ(t,u)) ,
which means that we add a jump of size g(Xt−, u) at time t to every pathof X .
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 40 / 46
We haveX
(t,u)s (x) = Xs(x) for s < t
and
X(t,u)s (x) = Xt(x) + g(Xt−, u) +
∫ s
tb(X
(t,u)r (x))dr
+
∫ s
tσ(X
(t,u)r (x))dWr +
∫ s
t
∫Ug(X
(t,u)r− (x , u))N(dt, du) for s ≥ t .
This means that after time t, the process (X(t,u)s (x))s≥t is the solution of
the same SDE but with different initial condition, i.e.,X
(t,u)t (x) = Xt(x) + g(Xt−, u).
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 41 / 46
When t > T , we have D(t,u)(XT (x)) = 0.
If our SDE is globally dissipative, then for any x , y ∈ Rd
E|Xt(x)− Xt(y)| ≤ e−Kt |x − y |
Hence for any Lipschitz function f : Rd → R with ‖f ‖Lip ≤ 1 if t < T wehave
E[D(t,u)f (XT (x))|Ft ] = E[f (X(t,u)T (x))− f (XT (x))|Ft ]
≤ E[∣∣∣f (X
(t,u)T (x))− f (XT (x))
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ E
[∣∣∣X (t,u)T (x)− XT (x)
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ e−K(T−t)|g(Xt−, u)|
If |g(x , u)| ≤ g∞(u) and∫U |g∞(u)|2ν(du) <∞, then we get the required
bound on E[D(t,u)f (XT (x))|Ft ].
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 42 / 46
When t > T , we have D(t,u)(XT (x)) = 0.
If our SDE is globally dissipative, then for any x , y ∈ Rd
E|Xt(x)− Xt(y)| ≤ e−Kt |x − y |
Hence for any Lipschitz function f : Rd → R with ‖f ‖Lip ≤ 1 if t < T wehave
E[D(t,u)f (XT (x))|Ft ] = E[f (X(t,u)T (x))− f (XT (x))|Ft ]
≤ E[∣∣∣f (X
(t,u)T (x))− f (XT (x))
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ E
[∣∣∣X (t,u)T (x)− XT (x)
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ e−K(T−t)|g(Xt−, u)|
If |g(x , u)| ≤ g∞(u) and∫U |g∞(u)|2ν(du) <∞, then we get the required
bound on E[D(t,u)f (XT (x))|Ft ].
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 42 / 46
When t > T , we have D(t,u)(XT (x)) = 0.
If our SDE is globally dissipative, then for any x , y ∈ Rd
E|Xt(x)− Xt(y)| ≤ e−Kt |x − y |
Hence for any Lipschitz function f : Rd → R with ‖f ‖Lip ≤ 1 if t < T wehave
E[D(t,u)f (XT (x))|Ft ] = E[f (X(t,u)T (x))− f (XT (x))|Ft ]
≤ E[∣∣∣f (X
(t,u)T (x))− f (XT (x))
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ E
[∣∣∣X (t,u)T (x)− XT (x)
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ e−K(T−t)|g(Xt−, u)|
If |g(x , u)| ≤ g∞(u) and∫U |g∞(u)|2ν(du) <∞, then we get the required
bound on E[D(t,u)f (XT (x))|Ft ].
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 42 / 46
When t > T , we have D(t,u)(XT (x)) = 0.
If our SDE is globally dissipative, then for any x , y ∈ Rd
E|Xt(x)− Xt(y)| ≤ e−Kt |x − y |
Hence for any Lipschitz function f : Rd → R with ‖f ‖Lip ≤ 1 if t < T wehave
E[D(t,u)f (XT (x))|Ft ] = E[f (X(t,u)T (x))− f (XT (x))|Ft ]
≤ E[∣∣∣f (X
(t,u)T (x))− f (XT (x))
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ E
[∣∣∣X (t,u)T (x)− XT (x)
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ e−K(T−t)|g(Xt−, u)|
If |g(x , u)| ≤ g∞(u) and∫U |g∞(u)|2ν(du) <∞, then we get the required
bound on E[D(t,u)f (XT (x))|Ft ].
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 42 / 46
Assume we have a coupling (Xt ,Yt)t≥0 (and thus (Xt)t≥0 and (Yt)t≥0
have the same transition probabilities) for which we can prove
E|Xt(x)− Yt(y)| ≤ C e−Kt |x − y | .
Then
E[D(t,u)f (XT (x))|Ft ] = E[f (X(t,u)T (x))− f (XT (x))|Ft ]
= E[f (X(t,u)T (x))− f (YT (x))|Ft ]
≤ E[∣∣∣f (X
(t,u)T (x))− f (YT (x))
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ E
[∣∣∣X (t,u)T (x)− YT (x)
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ C e−K(T−t)|g(Xt−, u)|
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 43 / 46
Assume we have a coupling (Xt ,Yt)t≥0 (and thus (Xt)t≥0 and (Yt)t≥0
have the same transition probabilities) for which we can prove
E|Xt(x)− Yt(y)| ≤ C e−Kt |x − y | .
Then
E[D(t,u)f (XT (x))|Ft ] = E[f (X(t,u)T (x))− f (XT (x))|Ft ]
= E[f (X(t,u)T (x))− f (YT (x))|Ft ]
≤ E[∣∣∣f (X
(t,u)T (x))− f (YT (x))
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ E
[∣∣∣X (t,u)T (x)− YT (x)
∣∣∣ |Ft
]≤ C e−K(T−t)|g(Xt−, u)|
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 43 / 46
For the Gaussian case we have
E〈∇Xt , h〉H = limε→0
1
εE(Xt(W· + ε
∫ ·0hsds)− Xt(W·)
),
where
Xt(W· + ε
∫ ·0hsds) = X0 +
∫ t
0b(Xs)ds + ε
∫ t
0σ(Xs)hsds
+
∫ t
0σ(Xs)dWs +
∫Ug(Xs−, u)N(ds, du) .
Question: How to couple two jump diffusions with different drifts?
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 44 / 46
For the Gaussian case we have
E〈∇Xt , h〉H = limε→0
1
εE(Xt(W· + ε
∫ ·0hsds)− Xt(W·)
),
where
Xt(W· + ε
∫ ·0hsds) = X0 +
∫ t
0b(Xs)ds + ε
∫ t
0σ(Xs)hsds
+
∫ t
0σ(Xs)dWs +
∫Ug(Xs−, u)N(ds, du) .
Question: How to couple two jump diffusions with different drifts?
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 44 / 46
For the Gaussian case we have
E〈∇Xt , h〉H = limε→0
1
εE(Xt(W· + ε
∫ ·0hsds)− Xt(W·)
),
where
Xt(W· + ε
∫ ·0hsds) = X0 +
∫ t
0b(Xs)ds + ε
∫ t
0σ(Xs)hsds
+
∫ t
0σ(Xs)dWs +
∫Ug(Xs−, u)N(ds, du) .
Question: How to couple two jump diffusions with different drifts?
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 44 / 46
A. Eberle (2016)
Reflection couplings and contraction rates for diffusions.
Probab. Theory Related Fields 166 (2016), no. 3-4, 851 – 886.
T. Lindvall and L. C. G. Rogers (1986)
Coupling of multidimensional diffusions by reflection.
Ann. Probab. 14 (1986), no. 3, 860 – 872.
M. B. Majka (2015)
Coupling and exponential ergodicity for stochastic differential equations driven byLevy processes.
To appear in Stochastic Process. Appl..
M. B. Majka (2016)
Transportation inequalities for non-globally dissipative SDEs with jumps viaMalliavin calculus and coupling.
arXiv:1610.06916.
L. Wu (2010)
Transportation inequalities for stochastic differential equations of pure jumps.
Ann. Inst. Henri Poincare: Probab. Stat. 46 (2010), no. 2, 465 – 479.
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 45 / 46
The End
Mateusz Majka (Bonn) Couplings for Levy-driven SDEs 5th of May 2017, London 46 / 46
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