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Next Generation/Unconventional Hydropower

Wave & Tidal Energy Devices… and More!

Renewable Energy Modeling Workshop on Hydroelectric PowerMay 10, 2005

Unconventional Hydropower

Wave Energy Devices: Two Basic FamiliesWave Power SystemsOscillating Water Columns (OWC)

Tidal Energy Devices: Four Basic FamiliesAxial-flow TurbinesCross-axis TurbinesLift or Flutter VanesHydraulic Tapped Ducted Systems

… and More!

Wave Energy Devices

EPRI Phase I Study: Project Definition Study, Offshore Wave Power Feasibility Demonstration Project; Final Summary Report, E2I EPRI Global WP 009, Roger Bedard et al., January 14, 2005http://www.epri.com/attachments/297213_009_Final_Report_RB_01-14-05.pdf

Wave Energy Conversion Devices: Eight Units

Unit Company LocationPelamis Ocean Power Delivery, LTD Edinburgh, ScotlandOWC Energetech Australia, ConnecticutWave Dragon DenmarkWave Swing TeamWorks NetherlandsAquaBuoy AquaEnergy Washington, USASea Dog Indep. Natural Res. Inc. Minnesota, USAMRC 1000 Orecon UKWave Bob UK

Floating Buoy Ocean Power Technologies New Jersey, USA

Wave Power Systems:AquaEnergy Group

Wave Power Systems:Ocean Power Delivery

“The Pelamis” Wave Energy Converter& The European Marine Energy Center (EMEC)

OWC:Wavegen

Limpet Power Station

World Wave Energy Resource

Wave Energy: US Resource Assessment

Available U.S. Wave Energy Resource Base:2,300 TWh/yr

At 24% of available base at 50% conversion efficiency =

All conventional U.S. hydropower = 270 TWh/yr

Wave Energy: Development Status

U.S. Licensing and Permitting: Projects and Issues

Kaneohe Bay, HI – Ocean Power Technologies – US Navy/Federal Government

Makah Bay, WA – Aqua Energy Group, FERC ALP UnderwayPort Judith, RI – Energetech, FERC Dialogue

Federal Agency Jurisdiction – FERC, ACoE, NOAA, DoI/MMS

European Marine Energy Center Test Facility

Pre-Commercial Prototypes DeployedOcean Power Delivery, Pelamis at EMECOcean Power Technologies, Kaneohe Bay

Wave Energy: Development Status

Costs and Cost ProjectionsUtility Generator Commercial Plan after Tax Incentives (300,000 mWhr/yr)

Total Plant Investment - $238-279MCost of Energy – 9.2 –11.2 cents/kWh

“Levelized cost of wave-generated electricity is less than wind-generated electricity at any equal cumulative production volume under all cost estimating assumptions for the wave plant.”

Market Penetration Timeframe2012 –2015

Economic Cost ChallengesDeployment, Recovery, Mooring, Operations and Maintenance

Tidal Energy Devices:Axial-flow Turbines

Hammerfest Stroem (Norway)Lunar Energy (UK)Marine Current Turbines (UK)SMD Hydrovision (UK)

Verdant Power (US):Axial-flow Turbines

More Than 120 Tidal Power Locations in North America

Each Location Has Multiple Sites (Avg. 5 MW each)

Excellent Means of Distributed Generation (DG)

Quick Construction

Modular Design

Short-term Financing

30-40% Capacity Factor

First DG Tidal Project:

New York’s East River

(10 MW)

New York’s East River R.I. Tidal Energy Project

RITE Project Turbine

Tidal Energy Devices: Cross-axis Turbines

Second DG Tidal Project:Massachusetts’s Merrimack RiverCross-axis Turbine:Gorlov Helical TurbineIntegration with East River Project’s Systems PlatformOther Cross-axis Turbines:Cycloidal Turbine

Tidal Energy Devices:Other Systems

Lift or Flutter VanesOscillating Cascade

Hydraulic Tapped DuctedHydroVenturi

… and More!Manmade Channels

… and More!Cross-axis & Cross-flow

Free-flow Hydropower: North American Potential

Distributed Generation & Incremental HydropowerVerdant Power Study: 120 Tidal Locations = 1,200 MWNYU Study: Riverine Locations = 12,500 MWDOE / INEL Study: Riverine Systems = A range from 21,400 MW to 170,000 MWFERC: (considering manmade channels) = 72,000 MWCanadian Resources Board: (three main river reaches and 13 tidal cross-sections) = 110 TWh per year Independent Analysis: Gulf Stream = 685,000 MW

Free Flow Hydro: Development Status

U.S. Licensing and Permitting: Projects and IssuesUS – East River Permits- ACoE, NYS DEC; Fish Impacts?FERC – Grid Connection for Operational TestingNHA – Leading effort at streamlining/new process for pilots

European Marine Energy Center Test Facility –Under Development to be operational in late 2005UK 2005 Marine Energy Budget – 50M Pounds

Pre-Commercial Prototypes DeployedMarine Current Turbines – Devon, UKGCK Technology – South KoreaVerdant Power – East River, Aug/Sept 2005

Free Flow Hydro: Development Status

Costs and Cost ProjectionsRITE Project 5MW: Installation Cost - $4,300/kW

Operating Cost – $.07-.09 kWh free-flow

Market Penetration Timeframe2010 - 2012

Economic Cost ChallengesPermitting/Licensing, Deployment, O&M

Free-flow Hydropower

Contact Information

Ron SmithVerdant Power

Phone: 703-204-3436, 703-328-6842 (M)Email: rsmith@verdantpower.comWebsite: www.verdantpower.com