new area of focus: special feeding relationships new area of focus: special feeding relationships...

New Area of Focus: Special Feeding New Area of Focus: Special Feeding RelationshipsRelationships

Symbiosis: A long term relationship Symbiosis: A long term relationship between two or more different between two or more different species.species.

Three types of symbiosisThree types of symbiosis- Parasitism- Parasitism- Mutualism- Mutualism- Commensalism- Commensalism

Parasitism: One organism benefits Parasitism: One organism benefits while the other is harmed.while the other is harmed.

Parasitism: Caterpillar and wasp. : Caterpillar and wasp. Who is the parasite and what do you Who is the parasite and what do you think will happen?think will happen?

• 1 in 3 American suffers in some form from a parasite. – Learn about them to help yourself.

• Caution! Disgusting parasites ahead.– Be prepared to be grossed out. Close your

eyes if needed.

• Parasites are one on the most numerous and successful groups of organisms on the planet. – For every species on earth, they may host a

handful of unique parasites.

• Parasites damage their host by consuming tissues, and releasing toxins.

• Two general types of parasites

– Endoparasites: your body.

– Ectoparasites: your body.

– Endoparasites: Inside your body.

– Ectoparasites: Outside your body.

• A few endoparasites that affect humans.– Tape worms

• If a child frequently itches their butt, you should check to see if they have contracted pinworm.

• Hookworm

• Guinea worms

• Some common ectoparasites.– Fleas

• Louse

• Ticks

• This strange louse is a tongue eating parasite that lives in a fishes mouth.

• Mosquito– A parasite that carries the malaria parasite.

• Leeches

• Sea Lamprey

• Sea Lamprey are jawless fish (very old), They attach to fish with sucker and bore a hole into flesh with tongue.

• The parasite must not kill the host. The host provides the food and shelter and survival of the parasite.

• Video.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4kQWvUv_Ns

• The Sea Anemome and the Clownfish are a mutualism. – The Anemome gets some protection and

cleaning from the clownfish, and the Clownfish gets protection from predators

Mutualism: Both organisms benefit. Mutualism: Both organisms benefit.

Types of mutualismsTypes of mutualismsEnergy(trophic)Energy(trophic)DefensiveDefensiveCleaningCleaningDispersiveDispersive

Energy mutualism

Leaf cutter ants feed leaves to their fungus colonies.

-The ants then feed on the growing fungus.

Leaf cutter ants feed leaves to their fungus colonies.

-The ants then feed on the growing fungus.

• There were all examples of trophic Mutualisms

Trophic mutualism: Both species help Trophic mutualism: Both species help feed each other. feed each other. --

Trophic mutualism: Both species help Trophic mutualism: Both species help feed each other. feed each other. Usually nutrient related.Usually nutrient related.

Cleaning symbiosis: One species Cleaning symbiosis: One species gets food and shelter, the other has gets food and shelter, the other has parasites removed.parasites removed.

• Question! Are these ants killing this caterpillar?

• Question! Are these ants killing this caterpillar?– Answer: No. they are eating some sugary

secretions releases by the caterpillar.

• Video! Caterpillar and Ant defensive mutualism.

Defensive mutualisms: One species Defensive mutualisms: One species protects the other and gets some protects the other and gets some benefits for its help.benefits for its help.

1. Never climb Acacia trees that have these galls. Viscous ants feel the vibrations and coming running out to attack.

Goby and shrimp

• The Sea Anemome and the Clownfish are a mutualism.

• The Sea Anemome and the Clownfish are a mutualism. – The Anemome gets small scrapes from the

clownfish, and the Clownfish gets protection.

Dispersive mutualisms: One species Dispersive mutualisms: One species receives food in exchange for moving receives food in exchange for moving the pollen or seeds of its partner. the pollen or seeds of its partner.

• Pollination – Insects transfer pollen from one flower to the next, insects gets nectar.

“Wow!” “Look how this flower has evolved to be white, and shaped in a way so I can visit it.”

• Seed dispersal

• You can now complete these questions on your bundled homework.

Commensalism: One organism Commensalism: One organism benefits while the other doesn’t benefits while the other doesn’t benefit, or suffer harm.benefit, or suffer harm.

• The remora just hitches a ride to grab some scraps after the kill.

new area of focus: special feeding relationships new area of focus: special feeding relationships...

murphythree types of

parasitism mutualism

malaria parasite

mosquitoa parasite

murphythe parasite

fishes mouth

disgusting parasites

handful of unique parasites

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