neutrophils type of white blood cell that is essential in protecting the body against disease and...

Neutrophils• Type of white blood cell that is essential in protecting the body

against disease and potential • Pale pink cell with deep purple nucleus that contains 3-7 lobes

connected by thin threads known as chromatin• A type of granulocyte• Contains fine granules• 3,000-7,000 neutrophils per mm cubed blood• Makes up 60% of the immune cells in our blood• First responders to start to fight off the infection by killing the

invading microbes• Main role in the human body is to kill as many germs as possible• They live for hours and are constantly being reproduced in the

bone marrow• They use phagocytosis to kill bacteria and fungi

• http://www.wadsworth.org/chemheme/heme/glass/cytopix/slide012_seg2.jpg

Function/structure

• Their job is to destroy parasitic worms as they engulf them with the enzymes od the digestive system.

• Blueish red nucleus, its shaped like a telephone.

• Dusty red cytoplasm

• Just like spiders wrap their pray with their web, eosinophil's release enzymes from their cytoplasmic granules around their pray (parasitic worms) which destroys them.

• Eosinophils are in 1-4% of white blood cells (WBC)

• Life span of at least 6 days

• (definition)Granular white blood cells whose granules readily take up a stain called eosin.

Basophils• Produced by stem cells in red bone marrow• Type of white blood cell• Rarest white blood cell• Lobed nucleus • Surrounded by granular cytoplasm • Contains granules that stain dark blue• Produce big Histamines (inflammatory chemical)

that in blood vessels that attract other WBC to the inflammatory site

Facts

• Function: A. Contains vasodilator histamine to promote blood flow to tissues.

B. Contains anticoagulant heparin that prevents blood from clotting too quickly.

• Lifespan: Hours to a couple of days• Size: 10-14 µm diameter • Amount: 0.5 – 1% of all WBC• Shape: Round

Basophil

http://blog.valdosta.edu/ap2/identification-of-red-white-blood-cells/

Monocytes- largest white blood cells

- kidney or “u” shaped nucleus- blue/purple nucleus

- abundant cytoplasm- gray/blue cytoplasm

- they resemble large lympocytes

- 3rd most abundant white blood cell- 4-8% of white blood cells- 100-700 per mm^3

Monocytes (cont’d)

-they increase in number during chronic infections such as tubercolosis

-they are important in fighting chronic infections-within 16 hrs-change into microphages that absorb harmful material when they migrate into tissues- “long term clean up team”

- an acronym can be used to remember cells by abundance: -never let monkeys eat bananas-neurtrophilis, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophilis, basophilis

Lymphocytes• Type of white blood cell• Made in red bone marrow from hemocytoblasts• Located in the lymph nodes after they become

immunocompetent• When a lymphocyte becomes immunocompetent it can

react to only one type of antigen; this is determined by our genes

• Reacts to abnormal substances in the lymphatic stream

*Immunocompetent- a normal immune response in exposure to an antigen

Lymphocytes

http://blog.valdosta.edu/ap2/identification-of-red-white-blood-cells/

• Two Types; dependent on where the lymphocyte becomes immunocompetent• T cells- Lymphocytes that originate from the

thymus; don’t produce antibodies; mature in 2-3 days

• B cells- Lymphocytes that grow from the bone marrow; produce antibodies

• T and B cells become fully mature after they come in contact with their first antigen

• Cells that are not strong enough during maturation are disposed of

PlateletsPlatelets• Not cells in the strict sense• Fragments of Megakaryocytes• Appear as darkly staining irregular shaped bodies

scattered among other blood cells• Normal platelet count is 300,000 per cubic

millimeter• Needed for clotting process• Initiate clotting cascade by clinging to torn areas