netengine 80e, 40e core router product brochure (eng).pdf
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Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
4 Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
Introduction 1
System Overview 2
System Structure 3
System Specification 3
Benefits of NE80E/40E 6
NP Technology 6
TSR with Built-in Bridging Functions 6
End to end Millisecond Level Reliability Solution 9
Strong Service Capability 10
Typical Application 11
Typical IP/MPLS Network 11
Typical Wireless/NGN IP/MPLS bearer Network 12
Typical Metro Ethernet Network 12
MAC-in-MAC (PBB-TE) Application Scenario 13
ContentsQuidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
1
Introduction
The IP network is evolving from pure data network (Internet) to telecom services bearer network. This transformation
has brought about significant challenges to the existing networking equipment and technologies.
Firstly, the core network equipment is being expected to offer more and more revenue-generating services through
smooth upgrading, and the Network Processor (NP) technology is accordingly introduced. While a traditional
ASIC-based core router normally features high performance with low cost, the lack of service flexibility presents a
big problem, which means hardware upgrade is usually needed and necessary for the router to offer new services.
However, with a NP-based router, new services can be easily implemented by software upgrade rather than hardware
upgrade. In short, while the NP technology combines the advantages of CPU and ASIC, the NP-based router features
high service flexibility without performance degradation.
Secondly, for the purpose of delivering carrier class services over the network, a variety of enhanced and new High
Availability (HA) technologies have been introduced.
Thirdly, the network architecture has been evolving towards a simpler and flatter hierarchy, which is putting more and
more requirements on the core network equipment: a single device is expected to provide both P and PE functions,
high density Ethernet Interfaces, layer 2 bridging functions, comprehensive service capability, etc.
As a manufacturer of telecom and Internet equipment, Huawei has abundant R&D and maintenance experience in
both PSTN and Internet. For recent years, by integrating its many years experience in the Internet and traditional tele-
com domains, Huawei has been concentrating on the development of telecom-specific IP bearer network and devel-
oped the NetEngine series core routers. By the end of June, 2008, there are over 45,620 sets of NE routers running in
the global IP networks, serving more than 112 NGN/Wireless bearer networks.
The Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Terabit Switching Router (TSR) is oriented towards the IP/MPLS backbone, IP bearer
network and other large scale IP/MPLS networks. As a NP-based core router, it adopts distributed forwarding archi-
tecture and non-block switching fabric, featuring carrier class reliability, wire speed forwarding performance, excellent
scalability and strong service capability. It supports 10G/20G flexible plug-in cards which can provide flexibility to meet
different requirements and reduce OpEx. It is also the industry’s first core router with built-in layer 2 bridging function
and high port-density Ethernet interfaces, making it very suitable for constructing Wireless/NGN IP bearer networks.
With NP powered packet forwarding engine, the NE80E/40E can offer new services just by software upgrade.
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
2 Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core RouterSystem Overview
System Structure
The NE80E/40E adopts distributed forwarding architecture. The whole system can be divided into three logical planes:
data forwarding plane, control and management plane, and monitoring plane. The key point is that: control and for-
warding are separated; routing and switching are separated. In the aspect of reliability, all the key components adopt
redundancy design, and the system can provide carrier class reliability without single point failure.
The data forwarding plane is responsible for high speed processing and non-blocking switching of data packets. It •
encapsulates/de-encapsulates packets, completes IP/MPLS forwarding processing, QoS processing, and high-speed
switching. It also conducts various statistics.
The control and management plane serves as the nerve system. It is responsible for the processing of protocols and •
signaling. It is also responsible for the configuration, maintenance, report and control of the system status.
The monitoring plane is responsible for the monitoring and control over the operating environment. It performs •
tasks like voltage detection, fan speed adjustment, system powering on/off, fault isolation, fault alarming, etc.
Figure 1 System Architecture
LPU
LPU LPU
LPU
MPU/SRU 1:1 Redundancy
FAN(Redundancy)
FAN(Redundancy)
Control BusMonitor Bus
3+1 redundancy
SFU
Switching Fabric
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
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3
System Specification
As shown in Figure 2, the NE80E has 22-slot board cages. These slots can hold 16 LPUs, 4 SFUs, and 2 MPUs. The
NE80E delivers 2.56 Tbps of switching capacity and 640 Gbps of port capacity with non-block switching. The NE40E
series has two products including NE40E-8 and NE40E-4. The NE40E-8 has 12 slots to accommodate 8 LPUs, 2 SRUs,
and 2 SFUs. It delivers 640 Gbps of switching capacity and 320 Gbps of port capacity with non-block switching. The
NE40E-4 has 8 slots to accommodate 4 LPUs, 2 SRUs, and 2 SFUs. It delivers 320 Gbps of switching capacity and 160
Gbps of port capacity with non-block switching. The main specifications of NE80E/40E are listed in Table 1.
Figure 2 Product Appearance
Table 1 NE80E/40E Specification
AttributeDescription
NE80E NE40E-8 NE40E-4
Capacity
Switching capacity: 2.56 Tbps
port capacity: 640 Gbps
Forwarding performance:
800 Mpps
Switching capacity: 640
Gbps(scalable to 1.28 Tbps)
port capacity: 320 Gbps For-
warding performance: 400
Mpps
Switching capacity: 320
Gbps(scalable to 640 Gbps)
port capacity: 160 Gbps For-
warding performance: 200
Mpps
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4 Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core RouterAttribute
Description
NE80E NE40E-8 NE40E-4
Interface Types
OC-192c/STM-64c POS
OC-48c/STM-16c POS
OC-12c/STM-4c POS
OC-3c/STM-1c POS
OC-12c/STM-4c ATM
OC-3c/STM-1c ATM
OC-192c/STM-64c RPR
OC-48c/STM-16c RPR
GE RPR
Channelized OC-3/STM-1
10GE-WAN/LAN
GE/FE
E3/T3
E1/T1
CE1/CT1
IPv4 Static routing,RIP, OSPF, ISIS, BGPv4 routing protocols
IPv6
IPv4 & IPv6 dual stack,
IPv6 static route, BGP4+, RIPng, OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, IPv6 neighbor discovery (ND), Path MTU
(PMTU) discovery, TCP6, ping IPv6, tracert IPv6, socket IPv6, static IPv6 DNS and specified IPv6
DNS servers, TFTP IPv6 client, IPv6 policy routes
IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel: manual configured tunnel, automatic tunnel, 6to4 tunnel, GRE tunnel,
ISATAP tunnel
IPv4 over IPv6 tunnel, 6PE
Layer 2 switching IEEE 802.1Q, IEEE802.1ad, IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w, IEEE 802.1s, Super VLAN
MPLS/MPLS VPN
MPLS TE, MPLS/BGP VPN, Inter-AS VPN, IPv6 VPN, Carrier’s Carrier, HoVPN, RRVPN, multi-role
hosts, MPLS L2 VPN (Martini/ Kompella), PWE3, ATM-Ethernet IWF, VPLS/H-VPLS, Multicast
VPN
MAC-in-
MAC(PBB-TE)IEEE 802.1ah
QoS CAR, GTS, PQ, LLQ, CBQ, WRED, H-QoS, DS-TE, VPN QoS, QPPB,
MulticastIGMP v1/v2/v3, Static Multicast Routing, PIM-DM/SM/SSM, MSDP, MBGP, two level multicast
replication and wire speed multicast forwarding, Multicast VPN
Ethernet Clock Support Ethernet Clock Synchronization
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5
AttributeDescription
NE80E NE40E-8 NE40E-4
High Availability
1:1 standby for MPU, 3+1
backup for switching fabric,
1+1 backup for power sup-
ply and FAN, IP/LDP/VPN/TE/
VLL FRR, IGP/BGP/Multicast
Fast Convergence, Enhanced
VRRP, ETH TRUNK, IP TRUNK,
RPR, RRPP, BFD, MPLS/Ether-
net OAM, Hot Patching, Non-
stop Forwarding, BGP/IS-IS/
OSPF/LDP
/RSVP Graceful Restart, VLL/
VPLS/L3VPN Graceful Restart
1:1 standby for SRU, 3+1
backup for switching fabric,
1+1 backup for power sup-
ply and FAN, IP/LDP/VPN/TE/
VLL FRR, IGP/BGP/Multicast
Fast Convergence, Enhanced
VRRP, ETH TRUNK, IP TRUNK,
RPR, RRPP, BFD, MPLS/Ether-
net OAM, Hot Patching, Non-
stop Forwarding, BGP/IS-IS/
OSPF/LDP
/RSVP Graceful Restart, VLL/
VPLS/L3VPN Graceful Restart
1:1 standby for SRU, 3+1
backup for switching fabric,
1+1 backup for power sup-
ply and FAN, IP/LDP/VPN/TE/
VLL FRR, IGP/BGP/Multicast
Fast Convergence, Enhanced
VRRP, ETH TRUNK, IP TRUNK,
RPR, RRPP, BFD, MPLS/Ether-
net OAM, Hot Patching, Non-
stop Forwarding, BGP/IS-IS/
OSPF/LDP
/RSVP Graceful Restart, VLL/
VPLS/L3VPN Graceful Restart
Architecture Integrated chassis, installed in standard 19-inch rack
Input Power DC: -48V AC: 110V/220V
Max. Power Con-
sumption4700W 2200W 1400W
Dimensions
(W*D*H)442mm × 669mm × 1600mm 442mm × 669mm × 886mm 442mm × 669mm × 442mm
Weight
250kg (fully configured)
5.0kg (LPU)
3.8kg (MPU)
3.0kg (SFU)
147kg (fully configured)
5.0kg (LPU)
3.8kg (SRU)
1.8kg (SFU)
75kg (fully configured)
5.0kg (LPU)
3.8kg (SRU)
1.8kg (SFU)
Environment
Long Time Work Temperature: 0~45°C
Short Time Work Temperature: -5~55°C
Restriction on Temperature Variation Rate: 30°C/Hour
Long Time Work Humidity: 5%RH~85%RH, non-condensing
Shot Time Work Humidity: 0%RH~95%RH, non-condensing
Long Time Work Altitude: ≤3000m
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
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6 Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core RouterBenefits of NE80E/40E
NP Technology
With its NetEngine series core routers -- the well-known 5th generation routers, Huawei is the first vendor in the indus-
try who applies the NP technology in the router implementation.
Figure 3 gives a glance at what a Network Processor looks like. With dozens of forwarding micro-engines, hardware
co-processors and hardware accelerators, the Network Processor can provide functional flexibility along with high per-
formance. Just by upgrading the micro code, the NP-based router can provide desirable new services.
TSR with Built-in Bridging Functions
Huawei is the only vendor in the industry who can provide the TSR platform that integrated routing and layer 2 bridg-
ing functions, along with high-density and low-cost Ethernet ports, thus greatly reducing CapEx and OpEx, simplifying
the access of Wireless/NGN, and enhancing the network reliability.
Figure 3 Network Processor
CPU ASIC
EPU EPU EPU EPU
EPU EPU EPU EPU
EPU EPU EPU EPU
EPU EPU EPU EPU
EPU EPU EPU EPU
EPU EPU EPU EPU
EPU EPU EPU EPU
EPU EPU EPU EPU
Service Flexibility High Performance
SRAM
PPC
EDS
EDS
NetworkProcessor
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7
For the traditional access solution of Wireless/NGN, the layer 2 switch has to be adopted between the TSR and the
MGW/SoftSwitch, providing the MAC/VLAN forwarding for VRRP and the traffic convergence (compared with layer 2
switch, the port cost of TSR is expensive).
However, it is most likely that the layer 2 switch tends to be a failure-prone point, rather than a kind of equipment
with carrier class reliability. With the layer 2 switch, the network structure becomes more complex, resulting in lower
reliability and higher CapEx and OpEx. The failure of the layer 2 switch would cause long-time service interruption,
which is normally about several seconds due to the convergence of MP-BGP and the relocation of Next-Hop PE.
As shown in Figure 5, with the layer 2 features and high-density and low-cost Ethernet ports, Huawei NE80E/40E TSR
can access the Wireless/NGN system directly, and the layer 2 switch can be taken away. This solution can simplify the
network structure, improve the reliability and reduce both CapEx and OpEx, as summarized in Table 2. It is worth stat-
ing that Huawei’s solution is generically applicable to multiple Wireless/NGN systems across various vendors.
Figure 4 TSR with Bridging Functions Inside
Figure 5 Huawei Access Solution for NGN/Wireless
TSR L2 Switch
L2 switch function with TSR quality( 512MB packet buffer, 128K bi-directional flow-queue, H-QoS )
NE80E/40E TSR
IP/MPLSCore
MGW2
PE22
PE21
MP-BGP Routing Exchange( Adopts MPLS/BGP VPN for Voice )
VRRPVLANSTP
Traditional Access Solutionfor NGN/Wireless
MAC Forwarding
IP/MPLS Forwarding
PE12
PE11MGW1
IP Addr IP Addr
Media Flow:
IP GW IP GW VRRPVLAN/STP
Huawei Solution:TSR with “Layer-2 Features and
High-Density & Low-CostEthernet Ports”
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
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8 Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core RouterTable 2 Comparison between Two Models
POP Model 1 POP Model 2
Solution Description
2 sets of TSR serving as PEs, and 2 sets of Ethernet
switch added to provide VLAN/MAC forwarding and
traffic convergence
2 sets of TSR as PEs
CapEx (For one PoP)
Extra 10G interfaces on each device for intercon-•
nection, totally 4 extra interfaces needed
2 extra sets of Ethernet switch chassis, SFUs, •
MPUs, PSUs, etc.
Extra Network Management Licenses for 2 sets of •
Ethernet switch
Extra spare boards/parts for 2 sets of Ethernet •
switch
Lower
OpEx (For one PoP)
Extra 52,560 (3*2*24*365) kwh per year•
Extra room for 2 sets of Ethernet switch•
Extra power for air-conditioning•
Extra 2 sets of Ethernet switch, more complex for •
maintenance
Lower
Reliability More potential failure points Higher
PoP Model 2 is recommended, to lower down CapEx & OpEx and enhance reliability•
Most operators selected Model 2, TMG/ SoftSwitch/ MGW/ MSC Server/ GGSN/ SGSN/ RNC accesses TSR direct-•
ly, without the Ethernet switch
TSR should support layer 2 features with high-density and low-cost Ethernet port•
Notes: the above figures are based on Huawei high-end products (TSR: NE40E/80E; Ethernet switch: S8500)
TSR TSR
Switch SwitchTSR TSR
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9
Table 3 HA Features Offered by Huawei
End to end Millisecond Level Reliability Solution
Having been concentrating on the development of IP bearer networks carrying telecom services, Huawei is now the
only vendor in the industry who can provide the “end-to-end millisecond level reliability solution”, with which the High
Availability requirements for telecom services can be well met, and the weaknesses of the native Internet technologies
can be eliminated. Listed in Table 3 are some key HA technologies offered by Huawei.
Huawei Advanced HA
MethodsApplication Scenario and Working Principles
Reliability
of Core
Layer
VPN/TE Mapping and
CAC
Huawei innovation (node implementation), providing flexibility and CAC
when mapping MPLS VPN (VRF/VSI/VCID) into MPLS TE tunnel, simplifying
the TE deployment.
TE FRR
TE FRR is a technology used in the MPLS TE to implement local protection
to the network. The switching time of FRR can reach 50 ms, which mini-
mizes packet loss in the case of network fault.
TE hotstandbyHotstandby LSP and BFD for LSP, providing end to end dynamic TE protec-
tion.
Reliability
of Access
Layer
RPRIEEE802.17, integrating SDH with Ethernet, providing 50ms switchover
time and protect against the P node and link failure.
RRPPHuawei innovation, providing 100ms switchover time and protect against
the P node and link failure in Ethernet Ring.
VPN Fast Re-Route (VPN
FRR)
Huawei innovation (node implementation), improving RFC2547bis for
VPN Routing Fast Convergence (from standard 5~20s to 50~200ms), to
protect against the PE node failure.
Enhanced-VRRP
Huawei innovation (node implementation), improving VRRP for Fast Swi-
tchover (from standard 3s to less than 200ms), to protect against the PE
node failure.
IP FRR
Huawei innovation (node implementation), a new FRR to provide fast swi-
tchover (less than 50ms steadily) which is easy to deploy, protect against
the P nodes and link failure.
VLL FRR
It fast switches user traffic to the backup link after a fault occurs to the
network. In this way, the reliability of the L2VPN is improved. VLL FRR is
also called VLL redundancy.
Ethernet OAMWith Ethernet OAM, network fault can be detected and implement fault
protection switchover within 50 ms.
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
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10 Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core RouterStrong Service Capability
The NE80E/40E is designed on the basis of Huawei’s multi-service Versatile Routing Platform (VRP). In comparison with
its counterparts from other vendors, it is highly recognized for its strong service capability. Services available from the
NE80E/40E that go the extra mile are summarized in Table 4 ~ Table6. With its strong service capability, as well as its
high reliability, excellent scalability and maintainability, the NE80E/40E offers an ideal platform for operators to con-
struct next generation IP/MPLS backbones.
Table 4 Wireless/NGN service enhancements
Table 5 Enterprise VPN service enhancements
Features Benefits
High density and cost effective Ether-net cards with layer 2 bridging features
Facilitate the access of Wireless/NGN system to IP core network with simplified network architecture, improved reliability and interoperability, reduced CapEx & OpEx.
BFD, Enhanced VRRP, IP/LDP FRR, VPN FRR, TE FRR, MPLS OAM Path Protec-tion Group, IGP Fast Convergence
Protect against any link or node failure and ensure end-to-end telecom level network reliability so as to meet the requirements of Wireless/NGN service.
Flexible VPN/TE mappingMap one or more VPN to one or more TE tunnels flexibly, reduce the number of TE tunnels thus improve the network scalability.
Ethernet Clock Synchronization
With the function of Ethernet clock synchronization, the problem of clock transmission in the IP network can be solved.In addition, Ethernet clock synchronization supports the backup of the clock reference source to enhance the reliability of the link.
Features Benefits
High density and cost effective Ether-net cards
Provide large amount of Ethernet ports for traffic aggregation and lower down the costs.
MPLS/BGP VPN, H-VPLS, VLL, PWE3Allow operators to delivery Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN services to enterprise customers with a single platform.
VLL & VPLS access to MPLS/BGP VPNVLL and VPLS services can access to MPLS/BGP VPN on NPE. This can help to save CapEx and simplify network topology.
BPDU TunnelingAllow tunneling of customer BPDU packets so as to run STP in customers’ network to prevent loops.
Ethernet, cPOS, Frame Relay, ATMAllow operators to delivery VPN service to enterprise customers with vari-ous interfaces with rate ranging from 64Kbps to 10Gbps.
H-QoSSupport hierarchical QoS to management bandwidth more precisely so as to meet the SLA demands from enterprise customers.
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Table 6 Triple play service enhancements
Features Benefits
High density and cost effective Ether-
net cards with layer 2 bridging feature
Provide large amount of Ethernet ports for traffic aggregation and lower
down the costs.
ATM-Ethernet IWFAllow mapping of ATM VPI/VCI to Ethernet QinQ to facilitate smooth
migration from ATM DSLAM/BRAS to IP DSLAM/BRAS.
QinQ Dual VLAN tags to identify each subscriber and each service.
DHCP Server/Relay/SnoopingSupport centralized or distributed IP address assignment scheme, defend
IP spoofing and prevent end-users from attacking other end-users.
PIM SSM+IGMPv3Allow hosts to specify the list of servers from which they want to receive
traffic. Traffic from other servers is blocked inside the network.
H-QoSSupport hierarchical QoS to management bandwidth for each subscriber
and each service.
Typical Application
Typical IP/MPLS Network
Figure 6 Application on the IP/MPLS bearer network
VPN 1
VPN 2
VPN 1
GE
10G POS
MPLS CORE
AR4600
NE20E
NE40ENE40E
NE16E
NE40E
MPLS Edge
NE80E
NE80ENE80E
NE40E
NE20EVPN 2
NE05VPN 3
P
P
PE
PE
CE
PE
PECE
CECE
CE
FE
ATM/FR
E1
POS
P
In this application, the NE80E serve as P routers in the MPLS core, while the NE40E as the PE routers in the MPLS edge
to provide both Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN services for point-to-point, multi-Point to multi-Point inter-connection. Hua-
wei NE80E/40E support MPLS TE/FRR, multiple QoS mechanism, and IP/MPLS forwarding.
Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
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12 Quidway® NetEngine 80E/40E Core Router
In this application, the NE80E serves as the P router, while the NE40E as the PE router to provide service access. With
the layer 2 features, and high port-density and low-cost Ethernet interfaces, the NE80E/40E can access the Wireless/
NGN system directly. It simplifies the network complexity, improves the network reliability, and reduces both CapEx and
OpEx. At the same time, the HA features of NE80E/40E ensure end-to-end millisecond level network protection.
Typical Wireless/NGN IP/MPLS bearer Network
Typical Metro Ethernet Network
Figure 7 Application on NGN/3G bearer network
Figure 8 Application of Metro Ethernet
10G PoS/RPR
NE80E NE80ENE80E
NE80E
NE80E
MGW
SoftSwitch
MGW
MGW MGW
NE40E NE40E
NE80E
NE40E NE40E
NE40E NE40E
NE40E NE40E
SoftSwitch
SoftSwitch
MGW
MGW
SoftSwitch
Residential RG/CPE
DSLAM
CX100/200/300
CX100/200/300
CX380/600
CX600ME60
NE80E/40E
NE80E/40E
Softx
Headnd
SGSN
Business
BTS
Last Mile Access Metro Core Services
NodeB
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13
In this application, the NE80E and NE40E serves as the core router or service POP, which can support triple play
services through abundant features such as DHCP/DHCP+, PIM-SSM, IGMPv3, PWE3, VPLS, H-QoS, MPLS OAM , RPR
and RRPP.
On the MAN, MAC-in-MAC is applied at the core layer, QinQ is applied at the access layer. Multiple services, such as
personal broadband access, VoIP/VOD, BTV, and interconnection of enterprises, are carried.
The MAC-in-MAC tunnel can be set up between the NE80E/40Es. It supports fault detection, fault location, and the
Automatic Protection Switching (APS). APS controls the protection switchover of the tunnel. The NE80E/40E supports
1+1 and 1:1 protection modes of the MAC tunnel. The NE80/E40E also supports the revertive mode, hold-off time,
and APS configuration mismatch test. This guarantees fast recovery of services.
MAC-in-MAC (PBB-TE) Application Scenario
DSLAM
UMG
CPE
DSLAM
UMG
CPE
UPE UPE
VLAN VLANQinQ QinQMinM
NPE NPE
NPE NPE
BRASVoD/BTV Server
IP/MPLS Core
SR
Add: Huawei Industrial BaseBantian Longgang
Shenzhen 518129, P.R. ChinaTel: +86-755-28780808
Version No.: M3-080030-20090313-C-1.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009.
All Rights Reserved.
The information contained in this document is for reference purpose only, and is subject to change or withdrawal according to specific customer requirements and conditions.
NO WARRANTYTHE CONTENTS OF THIS BROCHURE ARE PROVIDED “AS IS”. EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAWS, NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND,
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PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE MADE IN RELATION TO THE ACCURACY, RELIABILITY OR CONTENTS OF THIS MANUAL.
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SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS, REVENUE, DATA, GOODWILL OR ANTICIPATED
SAVINGS.
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, , , are trademarks or registered trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Other trademarks, product, service and company names mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.
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