neogeography
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NEOGEOGRAPHY
Alex SingletonUniversity College LondonDepartment of Geography and Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis
Spatial is Special! – www.spatial-literacy.org
Google Trends“GIS"
Google Trends“Google Maps"
Google Trends
Google Maps GIS Google Earth
Linear Scale (y)Searches by keyword relative to all searchesDemonstrates order of magnitude
Neogeography is part of Web 2.0
• Web 2.0 is the “business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform” (O’Reilly, 2006)
• Perceived second generation of web-based communities and hosted services — such as social-networking sites, wikis, and folksonomies — which aim to facilitate creativity, collaboration, and sharing between users.
Neogeography has...
• Transformed prevailing view of what GIS is…– For better or worse– For many Google is now GIS
• Pushed the development of...– Pervasive GIS– “Wikification” of GIS (Sui, 2008)
It is important to remember...
• Neogeography is GIS not GISc– GIScience is about the deeper conceptual grounding of
successful applications the bigger questions about how the world works an applications-led technology is useful for exploring the world
around us
NEOGEOGRAPHY?So what is
Geoweb = Geographic Internet
• “The Geoweb 2.0 is the geographic content and application services of the ‘new’ web. It describes the way people will publish, find and use geographic information” David Maguire – ESRI (2006)
http://gismatters.blogspot.com/2006/06/geoweb-20.html
http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/geoweb.pdf
Typical Geoweb (interface)
Typical Geoweb (interface)
Yahoo
Live Local
Google Earth
So what are visual differences between geoweb and geoweb 2.0 websites?
Merge – Nokia (Q1 2008)Deal worth $8.1 billion
Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps, Local Live, and MapQuest.
2007 Bidding War – TomTom and GarminTomTom - €2.9 billion
Under the hood: Data
Under the hood: API
3rd Party Application
Builder
Data :
•Open Formats•Geo-RSS•KML•XML•“Tiles”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TomTom
Other elements of Neogeography...Mobile mapping
Other elements of Neogeography... names
• Map Mash-ups, Map Hacks, Crowd Sourcing, API’s, Neogeography, geostack, tags, geospatial, geotechnologies and folksonomies
• Nothing new – internet has always invented terms– ‘new economy’, ’cyberspace’, ‘dot.com’, ‘ecommerce’,
’information superhighway’
API?So what can you do with an
CASE STUDY - Environment: Emergency Evacuation
• Major natural and human-induced events may necessitate area evacuations
• GIS can be used to create effective evacuation vulnerability maps based on– Distribution of population– Street map
• Model demand and impact of bottlenecks on speed of evacuation using standard GIS network tools – Adjacency, connectivity, shortest path network calculation
• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)– set of standards for Web mapping– Standards tested: Hurricane Response
• Meteorological (remote sensing satellites)• Demographic• Terrain
CASE STUDY - Environment: Emergency Evacuation
Why Google and not OGC
• Bottom up V Top Down– Community building their own inteligence
• Simple to use / build• Immediate• Scalable
– The Cloud
The case of The case of BrangelinaBrangelina
“The process of opening online content to allow for collaboration from users”WordSpy.
http://googlesightseeing.com/2007/05/24/angelina-jolies-geocache-tattoo/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mathowie/8496262/
http://bbc.blueghost.co.uk/travel_data/).
http://www.openstreetmap.org/
Volunteered Geographic Information
NEOGEOGRAPHY?All very interesting Alex, but why are YOU talking about
2004
2006
Name Mapping
National Trust Names - Goodchild1881 1998
National Trust Names - Goodchild
Outreach: Media exposure
Initial Impact~210k Unique Daily Users~150k Unique Daily Users
Peak 1: Migration (Australia, NZ)
Peak 2: Wealth
Peak 2: Wealth
http://www.spatial-literacy.org/?page_id=62
Initial Coverage
• UK Centric• Some limited coverage in NZ, Australia, North America• What next?
• www.publicprofiler.org/worldnames• Track international migration flows• Develop a classification of names
– Links cultural, ethnic, linguistic roots of names
• 26 countries in America, Europe, Asia and Oceania• Individual level data for 300 million people (full name
and address)• 10.8 million unique surnames• 6.5 million unique forenames• Statistics at postcode level
Singleton
www.onomap.org
Surnames
UK Electoral Roll
Forenames
PabloMateos
Garcia
Pérez
...
Juan
Rosa
Marta
...
Sánchez
Rodríguez
...• Several iterations until self-contained cluster is exhausted• Cluster assigned an Onomap type
Mateos et al (2007) CASA Working Paper 116
Forename : ALEX - SCOTTISH
Surname : SINGLETON - ENGLISH Overall Classification of this Person - ENGLISH
Desktop Software
Welsh Names “aim was to establish a Welsh colony which would preserve the Welsh language and culture”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimosa_(ship)
Mimosa (1865)185 Welsh
Awoke to find “Singleton”Name discussed on Radio4
Un
iqu
e U
ser
s
Traffic mainly UK media – Similar to previous press releasesSome coverage in EuropeSome International – Hong Kong, Singapore, Vietnam, Australia and New Zealand
Picked up by large French news (20minutes.fr) website – spawned a lot of EU traffic- No additional press release!
Also on
Build your own Neogeography
• What are the problems– Can’t share easily– Static– No context (e.g. built
environment) ....• Easy solution...
– Convert to KML and display on google maps?
– NO!Traditional choropleth map
Why “NO”!
• KML Vector Format– Large maps – lots complex vector data– Google maps API – KML limit ~ 2meg
• 2 Possible solutions– Limit complexity of the data shown – keep as vector
• E.g. London MET Police Crime– Use Raster
• Slippy Maps - Tiles
KML (Vector)
Raster - with Gmap Creator
Overlay & Transparency
100%
50%
London Profiler
London Profiler – IMD
London Profiler – Multicultural Atlas
London Profiler – Multicultural Atlas
London Profiler –
SHARING?Isn’t Neogeography all about
Maptube
MaptubeSelect Multiple Layers•Tiles•Remotely Hosted
Fade Control
Close Legend
http://digitalurban.blogspot.com
NEOGEOGRAPHYA word of caution about
Profiling for Public Engagement
• The e-Society• 1990s – Technology Use – “Haves” & “Have-nots”
– Digital Divide• 2007 things are radically different
– Usage & Engagement increasingly more complex• Created a classification which consisted of 8 Groups &
23 Types. – Links to Postcode.
Profiling for Public Engagement
Members of this Group often acquire their competence in the use of information technology at work, since many of them are young people working in junior white collar occupations in modern offices. They are keen to become more expert in the use of new technologies and to use them for new applications. Many spend time browsing the Internet but without necessarily making many transactions. Many members of this Group work in large cities and may be starting a life in a house that they own, typically in one of the cheaper inner suburbs. Their use of the Internet at work may be a practice that their employers may be keen to control or reduce.
Group C : Becoming engaged
SE6 4XD
Location MapLocation Map
Similarity Chart
Similarity Chart
= District Level (SE6)
ANY QUESTIONS?Thanks...
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