neoclassicism, realism, and naturalism neoclassicism orderly and solemn calm and rational subjects...
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Neoclassicism, Neoclassicism, Realism, and Realism, and NaturalismNaturalism
NeoclassicismNeoclassicism• Orderly and solemn• Calm and rational• Subjects are often historical or from
mythology• Though art should be morally
“uplifting”• “Founder”- J.L. David
Architecture showed order, elements of antiquity, columns, pediments, and the influence of Palladio
Grand Theatre, Bordeaux, France
Paris Opera House1900
20002000
Maison Acquart
Bordeaux, France
Antonio
Canova
Neoclassicism,
Ingres, “Jupiter” and
“Jupiter” (detail)
Ingres, “Odalisque””
The Greek poet Sappho
Neoclassic bust of Voltaire by Houdon
David, “Oath of Horatii”
Poussin, “Rape of the Sabine Women”
Bodoni’s Greek and Roman classics
“the typographic expression of neoclassicism and a return to ‘antique
virtue’”
Realism• “a force that would dominate the second
half of the nineteenth century”• “precise imitation of visual perceptions
without alteration”• Subjects from their own lives/experiences
• “sense of muted sobriety to art”• Strong connection to the Industrial
Revolutions RESULTS
Bonheur, “The Horse Fair”
Bonheur, “Doe and Fawn in a Thicket”
Bonheur, “Gathering for the Hunt”Bonheur, “Gathering for the Hunt”
Rosa Bonheur(1822-1899)
Disguised as aman to sketch and paint, worked in aslaughterhouse tolearn anatomy, had to obtain a permit to wear
trousers inpublic
Honore Daumier, “in the Theatre”
Daumier,
“Advise to Young
Artist”
Daumier, “The Butcher”
Daumier, “The Third Class Carriage”
Daumier,
“Trasnonain Street”
Henri deToulouse-Lautrec
“Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec…bohemian artist of the Moulin Rouge…captured the spirit and
emotion of the belle époque…"beautiful era" in Paris”
Unknown at the time, Henri suffered from a genetic condition
that prevented his bones from healing properly. At maturity, Lautrec was 4 1/2 feet tall. But his great misfortune was a sort of blessing in disguise, at least
from our perspective…he was no longer able to follow in the
typically aristocratic pastimes of riding and hunting. Instead, he
focused on sketching and painting.
Lautrec captured the spirit and emotion of his era in his posters
and portraits.
Are these the only schools of
art in the NineteenthCentury?
Wow. We sure learned a huge amount about the schools of art and literature in the Nineteenth
Century today.
No!
Fear Not! We still have many exciting art lessons to come! And now let’s talk about literature.
A new “school” developed in the late 1800’s…
Naturalism
“…in literature…a belief in the determining power of natural forces
like heredity and environment”
Emile Zola
Honore de Balzac
Gustave Flaubert
When her father died in 1849, Mary Ann moved to London
and her literary interest blossomed.
Her first novel Scenes of a Clerical Life was published in
1857 under the name of George Eliot. Many of the
characters and scenes in this first novel and a number that followed reference her life in
Warwickshire as a girl.
Thomas Hardy
Count Leo Nikolaevich
Tolstoy
“War and Peace is a vast epic centered on Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Russia in 1812.
It was conceived on Tolstoy's view that history proceeds inexorably to its own ends with
mankind appearing as an incidental instrument of the historical process. There are over five
hundred characters in the book and the story presents a complete tableau of Russian society from 1805 to 1820, encompassing emperors,
ministers, generals, officers, soldiers, nobles and peasants.
Tolstoy succeeds in expounding his views of life by attributing to his characters the contrasting
qualities which he felt were to be adopted or eschewed in order to reach a proper
understanding of mankind's place in the world.”
"The fear of dying without ever having known love was
greater than the fear of death itself. I know now, I was not alone in the horror of this darkness. So too was the fear of Anna Karenina."
Theodore Dreiser
American Novelist…
So why is he included in European History?
“Sister Carrie is an epic of city life, of transient idealists besieged by industrialism
and its anonymity. It is the story of two people, at once attracted and repelled by
their vastly different backgrounds, who in the course of involvement, are led into wholly unexpected areas of experience. Provincial and naive, Carrie becomes
involved with Hurstwood, a respectable Chicago tavern manager twice her age, who
alienates himself from his family. Out of despair he resorts to theft, is compelled to
flee and cannot obtain employment. Carrie, in turn, becomes a chorus girl and later,
under the dubious glow of her fame as an actress, their tragedy crystallizes.”
“An American Tragedy tells the story, based on a
sensational true crime, of a young man who is working his
way towards the American dream and refuses to let a pregnant former girlfriend
stand in the way of his chance for romance with a wealthy
woman. He takes the slattern out in a boat & clobbers her, but is tried and executed for
the crime.”
Feodor Dostoevsk
i
“This 1866 novel is Dostoevsky's great fictional study of the criminal mind, in the
character of the student Raskolnikov, who murders an aged pawnbroker.
Initially, Raskolnikov believes that the killing was entirely justified, but as the novel proceeds he becomes tortured by his guilt, and begins to question all his
most passionately held beliefs. Eventually, while the wily police inspector Porfiry Petrovich simply waits, Raskolnikov--prompted by Sonia, a prostitute who is
devoted to him--breaks down and confesses. Despite its bleak subject
matter, the novel holds out the possibility of redemption; it is also an indictment of the social conditions in which the action
unfolds.”
“It tells the story of the murder of a depraved landowner, Fyodor Karamazov, and the ensuing
investigation and trial, concentrating on the parts played by Karamazov's three sons, Mitya, Ivan and Alyosha. Ivan is a revolutionary intellectual, while the young novice Alyosha is,
according to Dostoyevsky, the novel's ‘hero’. It is Mitya's passion for two
women that contributes to disaster, and it is he who inwardly accepts the guilt
of his father's murderer. “
What Dostoyevsky thought“I'd die happy if I could finish this final novel, for I would have
expressed myself completely.”
“Who does not wish his
father dead?”
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