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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Natural Hazard MonitoringNatural Hazard Monitoring
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
MonitoringMonitoring and and RiskRisk ManagementManagement
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Monitoring is a Monitoring is a PartPart of of RiskmanagmentRiskmanagment
Monitoring Tasks are subcontracting TasksMonitoring Tasks are subcontracting Tasks
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Classification of ObjectsClassification of Objects
● Natural Hazards- Landslides
- Rock falls
- Glaciers
- Tectonics (Earthquakes)
- Volcanoes
- ……..
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
LandslidesLandslides
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
AktivitiesAktivities of geomETH (1994of geomETH (1994--2007)2007)
Objekt Period GPS Total Station Distance
Laser-scanning
Hydro-static
Geom/Triglevelling
Extenso-meter
96-
95-97
97-07
98-
93-
06
99
96-99
98-99
92-03
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Georadar
Brattas /St. Moritz x x
Thusis/ Scharanz/ Heinzenberg
x x
Cuolm da Vi x x
Nalps/Cunera/St. Maria/Val Termine
x (p) x (p)
AlpTransit(Gotthard/Ceneri)
x x
La Frasse X (p)
Albinen x x
Basel X (p)
Chapf x x (X) x
Saas Tal x x
(p)=permanent
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Examples Land Slides / Rock Falls/ GlaciersExamples Land Slides / Rock Falls/ Glaciers
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
LandslidesLandslides
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
““GleitbachGleitbach”” SchSchäänisnis St. St. GallenGallen
Hangrutsch Schänis
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
BrattasBrattas St. MoritzSt. Moritz
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
BrattasBrattas/ St. Moritz/ St. Moritz
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Visualisation of the Results of the Visualisation of the Results of the BrattasBrattas LandslideLandslide
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Landslides: Landslides: La La FrasseFrasse (VD)(VD) FalliFalli HHööllilli (FR) (FR)
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Landslide: Albinen, WallisLandslide: Albinen, Wallis
Albinen
Tschäss
Ausschnitt aus der Landeskarte 1:50'000 Blatt 273
0 0.5 1 km
N
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Landslide Le Landslide Le PresePrese
The landslide was preceded by heavy rainfall.
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
GurtnellenGurtnellen ((ReussReuss))
Before the heavy rainfall After the rainfall
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
KinematicKinematic and Terminology of Landslidesand Terminology of Landslides
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. IngensandCruden&Varnes 1996
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Landslide Geologic Definitions (Landslide Geologic Definitions (LutzenbergLutzenberg St. St. GallenGallen, 2004), 2004)
S.Löw 2006House destroyed
Transit area
Sliding Surface
Rupture area
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Sliding MechanismsSliding Mechanisms
Cruden&Varnes 1996
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Landslide Models in Landslide Models in GeologyGeology
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
● Weathering● Natural sheet of drift● Rain fall● Temperature changes● Physical or chemical processes● Water pressure● Groundwater table● Road and rail traffic● Own weight● Wind● Release● Load● etc.
InfluencesInfluences
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
MultiMulti--InfluencesInfluences
Meteo Geo
Funktion/
EnvironmentTraffic
Object
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Permanent Permanent motionmotion--inducinginducing factorsfactors
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
EpisodicEpisodic FactorsFactors at Landslidesat Landslides
Factor Cause(natural)
Cause(human induced)
Result
Change of the mountain water content
irregular rainfallFrost plugFrost expansionBackwaterIce and snow melting
Defect waterpipesLeaking sewersDestroyed drainageAufstau
Change of the consistencyPlastification of fissure fillingFissure water pressurebuoyancy weatheringHydrolyse
Vibrations Earth quakes BlastingRamming and boring activitiesOngoing Traffic
Pore water pessureThixotropyChange of tensionscarification
Cange of the load irregular rainfallMelting water, meltuingpermafrostFrost plug
BuildingsDumps, tips
Change of tension
Change of the figure undercutting Slope sections and slope intersections
Change of tension
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
BewegunsfBewegunsföördernderdernde FaktorenFaktoren
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Landslide induced by a leaking sewerLandslide induced by a leaking sewer
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Das LASDas LAS
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
GeometryGeometry of Landslidesof Landslides
Translations
and Rotations
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Problems of the interpretation of Movements of Monitored PointsProblems of the interpretation of Movements of Monitored Points
● Inclination of Pillars● Surface Kinematic● Plastification Shift +
Rotation
Layers
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Landslide Landslide MonitoringMonitoring InstrumentsInstruments
((CombinationCombination of of GeodeticGeodetic and and GeotechnicGeotechnic Instruments and Instruments and MethodsMethods))
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Automatic Monitoring of an unstable Slope in Automatic Monitoring of an unstable Slope in LauterbrunnenLauterbrunnen Valley (Valley (SolexpertsSolexperts))
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
RockfallsRockfalls
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Heavy Heavy RockfallsRockfalls in Switzerlandin Switzerland
● Flims 5000 B.C.● Art Goldau ca. 1800● Randa 1991● Axenstrasse 1995● Innertkirchen 2001● Gurtnellen 2006
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Cruden&Varnes 1996
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Montreux (1988)Montreux (1988)
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Scanning: Rockfall ScharansScanning: Rockfall Scharans
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Rock Fall Rock Fall ChapfChapf, , InnertkirchenInnertkirchen BEBE
Grimselstrasse 2000
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
ChapfChapf
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Situation of the Situation of the ChapfChapf Rock FallRock Fall
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
● Automatic measuring station at the opposite slope
● Distributed prisms at the object
● Extensometer
● Alarm device, coupled with traffic lights at the Grimselpass Road
● Removal of the road behind a security dam
● Evaluation of a hydrostatic measuring system for the control of the front rock edge
● Georadar measuring for analysis of the underground course of gaps
● Danger was reduced by specific blasting of the object in 2001.
Metrology of the Metrology of the ChapfChapf Rock FallRock Fall
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Sensors of Rockfalls Sensors of Rockfalls
Extensometer
Inklinometer
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
ETH Monitoring ConceptETH Monitoring Concept
vertical Translations
Rotations
L1Referenz
L4
L3
L2
0CDatalogger
Vectors
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
CuolmCuolm da da VVìì / / SedrunSedrun
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
● Gaps: Several meters wide and deep, 30 m and longer
● ETH 1981 / 1983: Photogrammetric documentation, tacheometric monitoring network over a wide area, gap network with mekometer, expected deformations in the mm-range
● ETH 1987: Sequence measuring with mekometer → deformation in the dm-range!
● ETH 1997: Conversion to GPS Observation of all points
● ETH 1999/2005/2007: Sequence measurement with GPS
● 1989 to date: Several further measuring with GPS and Photogrammetry
● Since approx. 1999: Daily measurements of a distance form the valley to the sliding area
CuolmCuolm da da VVìì
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Cuolm da Vì
Displacement: Different Displacement: Different VisualisationVisualisation
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
RandaRanda before 18 April 1991before 18 April 1991
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
RandaRanda after 19 May 1991after 19 May 1991
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
RockfallRockfall RandaRanda 19911991
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Rock Fall Monitoring using Rock Fall Monitoring using RadarinterferometryRadarinterferometry
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Rockfall Rockfall LopperLopper--HaslihornHaslihorn N2N2
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Glacier WeisshornGlacier Weisshorn
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
ROBOVec
Multisensor based Monitoring System for Disaster Prevention
WUHAN UNIVERSITY
MUMOSY
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Is a forecast of an event possible?Is a forecast of an event possible?
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Monitoring Software Leica Monitoring Software Leica GeoMoSGeoMoS
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Rockfall Rockfall LopperLopper--HaslihornHaslihorn
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Geomonitor Geomonitor withwith DigitalDigital--levelslevels
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
RockfallRockfall MonitoringMonitoring
S.Löw 2006
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
● TU Dresden: Skript Bauwerksüberwachungsmessung:http://wwwgi.geo.tu-dresden.de/ig/formulare/vl_bw.pdf
● Handbuch Ingenieurgeodäsie: Auswertung geodätischer Überwachungsmessungen, Wichmann Verlag, ISBN 3-87907-295-7
● Swiss Re: The Force of Water, Herbert Tiedemann, 1988
LiteratureLiterature
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ETH Zürich
Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
EndEnd
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